Education, Nursing StudentsNURSE-TRAINNCT07293663
Comparing Mixed Reality, Video-Based, and Instructor-Led Training for Nasogastric Tube Insertion in Nursing Students
A study testing Mixed Reality NGT Training, Video-Based NGT Training and Instructor-Led NGT Training in people with Education, Nursing Students and Clinical Competence, run by University of Turku at 1 site in Finland.
Trial summary
This study explores how nursing students learn to insert a nasogastric tube (NGT), a common but potentially risky clinical procedure. The goal is to compare three different teaching methods: Mixed Reality (MR) glasses with virtual instructions Video-based learning Traditional instructor-led training The study… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Education, Nursing Students, Clinical Competence, Teaching Innovation
- What is being tested?
- Mixed Reality NGT Training, Video-Based NGT Training and Instructor-Led NGT Training
- Type of treatment
- Medical device, Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 160 participants
- Where
- 1 siteFinland
- Study dates
- 12 Feb 2025to Apr 2027
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- First-year nursing student
- Performing nasogastric tube (NGT) insertion for the first time
- No prior theoretical education or pre-material on NGT insertion procedure
Who cannot join
- Previous nursing education (e.g., practical nurse qualification)
- Diagnosis of epilepsy
- Presence of a pacemaker
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Finland1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Turku University of Applied Sciences
Turku, 20520
Marika Leppänen, Doctoral Researcher, +358505331989, marika.t.leppanen@utu.fi
Mirka Toivonen, PhD, mirka.toivonen@turkuamk.fi
About this study
Official title: Comparing Mixed Reality, Video-Based, and Instructor-Led Training in Nasogastric Tube Insertion: A Randomized Controlled Trial Assessing Learning Outcomes, Usability, and Student Experiences in Nursing Education
This study explores how nursing students learn to insert a nasogastric tube (NGT), a common but potentially risky clinical procedure. The goal is to compare three different teaching methods:
Mixed Reality (MR) glasses with virtual instructions Video-based learning Traditional instructor-led training
Read more
The study investigates which method leads to better learning outcomes, how usable the technologies are, and how students experience MR in their learning.
Participants will be first-year nursing students with no prior experience in NGT insertion. They will be randomly assigned to one of the three training methods, complete the procedure, and answer questionnaires about their performance and experience. Six months later, they will repeat the procedure to assess long-term learning.
Read the detailed description
This randomized controlled trial investigates the effectiveness of three teaching methods Mixed Reality (MR), Video-Based Learning (VBL), and Instructor-Led Training in teaching nasogastric tube (NGT) insertion to first-year nursing students. The study aims to compare learning outcomes, usability, and user experience across these methods, and to assess long-term retention of clinical skills.
NGT insertion is a routine but high-risk procedure in nursing. Incorrect placement can lead to serious complications such as aspiration, nasal trauma, or increased mortality. Effective training is essential to ensure safe and competent practice.
Participants will be randomized into three parallel groups with identical instructional content based on a standardized NGT insertion protocol:
Mixed Reality (MR) Group (N=60) Students use Meta Quest 3 mixed reality glasses running a stepwise instructional application developed with CTRL Studio.
The MR application provides interactive, virtual guidance for each step of the NGT insertion procedure.
Prior to practice, students receive technical familiarization, including hands-on use of the MR device and navigation of the virtual interface.
The virtual content is identical to the other groups and can be replayed during practice.
Video-Assisted Group (N=60) Students watch a video of the NGT insertion procedure recorded from the operator's point of view using a head-mounted, voice-controlled smart camera.
The video content is identical to the MR and instructor-led sessions and can be replayed during practice. No additional verbal guidance is provided during practice.
Instructor-Led Group (Control) (N=60) Students receive classroom-based instruction including theoretical slides and a live demonstration of the NGT insertion procedure.
Students practice individually on a manikin under teacher supervision. The teacher answers questions but does not provide step-by-step coaching.
All students complete a pre-test on NGT theory and a demographic questionnaire. Each student performs the NGT insertion individually on a manikin during the practice phase.
After practice, students complete:
NASA-TLX workload assessment and NGT theory post-test (all groups) System Usability Scale (SUS) and User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ) (MR and video groups only) MR group also submits a written reflection on device usability.
Finally, students repeat the NGT insertion in a separate room without guidance. Performance is assessed by a blinded research assistant using a standardized NGT checklist.
The study follows the Medical Research Council (MRC) Framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions. The intervention materials are evidence-based and piloted with teachers and students before implementation. The sample size is calculated to ensure statistical power, and data will be analyzed using SPSS software. ANOVA and t-tests will be used to compare group outcomes, and qualitative data from student reflections will be analyzed using content analysis.
This study contributes to the development of evidence-based teaching strategies in nursing education. It explores how immersive technologies like MR can enhance skill acquisition, motivation, and satisfaction. The findings will inform future curriculum design and support the integration of digital tools in clinical training.
Ethical approval has been obtained, and all participants will provide informed consent. Data will be anonymized and securely stored. The study is conducted in collaboration with the University of Turku and Turku University of Applied Sciences.
- Conditions
- Education, Nursing Students, Clinical Competence, Teaching Innovation, Nasogasrtic Tube Insertion, User Experience, Teaching Method
- Being tested
- Mixed Reality NGT Training, Video-Based NGT Training, Instructor-Led NGT Training
- Keywords
- Nasogastric Tube Insertion, Nursing Education, Mixed Reality, Video-Based Learning, Instructor-Led Training, Meta Quest 3, Nursing Clinical Skills, Randomized Controlled Trial, Nursing Students, Extended Reality in Healthcare
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Mixed Reality NGT TrainingDevice
Also called Meta Quest 3 MR Training
Participants use Meta Quest 3 mixed reality glasses with a stepwise instructional application developed in CTRL Studio. The application provides interactive virtual guidance for nasogastric tube (NGT) insertion. Students receive technical familiarization before practice. Content is standardized and identical to other groups.
Video-Based NGT TrainingDevice
Also called Video-Based Skill Training
Participants watch a video of the NGT insertion procedure recorded from the operator's point of view using a head-mounted, voice-controlled smart camera. The video is identical to the MR and instructor-led groups and can be replayed during practice. No verbal guidance is provided during the procedure.
Instructor-Led NGT TrainingBehavioural
Also called Traditional Teaching, Classroom-Based Instruction, Teacher-Guided Training
Participants receive classroom-based instruction including theoretical slides and a live demonstration of the NGT insertion procedure. Students practice individually on a manikin under teacher supervision. The teacher answers questions but does not provide step-by-step coaching.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Mixed Reality Group | Experimental | Participants in this arm receive nasogastric tube (NGT) insertion training using Meta Quest 3 mixed reality glasses. The instructional application, developed with CTRL Studio, provides stepwise virtual guidance. Students receive technical familiarization before practice. The instructional content is standardized and identical to other groups. This arm evaluates the effectiveness and usability of MR-based training. Receives: Device: Mixed Reality NGT Training |
| Video-Based Learning Group | Experimental | Participants in this arm receive NGT insertion training by watching a video recorded from the operator's point of view using a head-mounted, voice-controlled smart camera. The video is identical to the MR and instructor-led groups and can be replayed during practice. No verbal guidance is provided during the procedure. This arm evaluates the effectiveness and usability of video-based training. Receives: Device: Video-Based NGT Training |
| Instructor-Led Training Group (Control) | Experimental | Participants in this arm receive classroom-based instruction including theoretical slides and a live demonstration of the NGT insertion procedure. Students practice individually on a manikin under teacher supervision. The teacher answers questions but does not provide step-by-step coaching. This arm serves as the control condition and represents traditional teaching methods. Receives: Behavioral: Instructor-Led NGT Training |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
NGT Checklist Performance Score
Student performance in nasogastric tube (NGT) insertion is assessed using a structured NGT checklist. Total score on the NGT checklist is 38 point. Higher scores indicate better procedural performance. The checklist evaluates both technical and non-technical procedural steps to determine clinical competence. Assessment is conducted immediately after the intervention (M1) and again six months later (M2) without instructional support.
Checklist completed by a research assistant or staff member observing the student performing the NGT procedure on a manikin.
The NGT checklist is based on validated tools (e.g., Kebede et al., 2024) and is designed to objectively measure students' ability to perform NGT insertion safely and correctly.
Measured: Immediately after training; 6 months after training
Secondary outcomes (5)
User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ)
Students complete the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ) after performing the NGT insertion procedure. The UEQ measures six dimensions of user experience: attractiveness, perspicuity, efficiency, dependability, stimulation, and novelty. Each dimension is scored from -3 to +3, with higher scores indicating a more positive experience. The questionnaire is used to evaluate the perceived quality and usability of the Mixed Reality and Video-Based Learning environments.
Measured: Immediately after intervention
System Usability Scale (SUS)
Students complete the SUS questionnaire after performing the NGT procedure. The SUS is a standardized 10-item Likert-scale tool that measures perceived usability of the Mixed Reality and Video-Based Learning environments. Scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better perceived usability.
Measured: Immediately after intervention
NASA Task Load Index (NASA TLX)
NASA Task Load Index (NASA TLX), a multidimensional workload assessment tool. Scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater cognitive workload Students complete the NASA TLX questionnaire to assess cognitive workload during the NGT procedure. The tool includes six dimensions: mental demand, physical demand, temporal demand, performance, effort, and frustration.
Measured: Immediately after intervention
Student Reflection Texts
Students who used MR glasses submit written reflections describing their learning experience, including factors that facilitated or hindered skill acquisition.
Measured: Immediately after intervention
Nasogastric Tube (NGT) theory pre- and post-test
Students complete a Nasogastric Tube (NGT) theory pre-test before the intervention and a post-test immediately after performing the NGT insertion procedure. Both tests use the same set of 15 questions to assess theoretical knowledge of nasogastric tube insertion. The pre-test is used to establish baseline knowledge and group homogeneity, while the post-test measures knowledge acquisition following the assigned learning method. Scores range from 0 to 15, with higher scores indicating better theoretical knowledge of NGT insertion.
Measured: Baseline; Immediately after intervention
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted19 Dec 2025
- Study start12 Feb 2025
- Primary completionApr 2027 (estimated)
- Study completionApr 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Education, Nursing StudentsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Participants are randomized into three parallel groups, each receiving a different instructional method for nasogastric tube (NGT) insertion training. All groups follow the same standardized protocol and instructional content. The MR group uses Meta Quest 3 mixed reality glasses with a stepwise virtual application developed in CTRL Studio. The video group watches a head-mounted smart camera recording of the procedure. The instructor-led group receives classroom-based instruction and a live demonstration. Each student performs the procedure individually on a manikin, and outcomes are assessed post-intervention and at six-month follow-up.
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 160 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Turku
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Turku University of Applied Sciences
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Marika Leppänen, University of Turku
- Investigators
- Marika Leppänen, Doctoral Researcher, Principal investigator, University of Turku, Department of Nursing ScienceHeli Virtanen, Professor, Study chair, University of Turku, Department of Nursing ScienceMinna Kyttälä, Professor, Study chair, University of Turku, Department of EducationTeijo Lehtonen, Doctor of Science (Technology), Study chair, University of Turku, Department of Computing
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07293663
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- TY1218-RCT
- Other IDs
- TY/1218/06.01.01/2024
- Acronym
- NURSE-TRAIN
- Status last verified
- Dec 2025
- First submitted
- 23 Nov 2025
- Last updated
- 19 Dec 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: No, individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared. The data collected in this study will be used solely for statistical analysis and the publication of aggregated results in peer-reviewed scientific articles. Due to ethical considerations, including participant confidentiality and the nature of the consent obtained, individual-level data will not be made publicly available.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 19 Dec 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparing Mixed Reality, Video-Based, and Instructor-Led Training in Nasogastric Tube Insertion: A Randomized Controlled Trial Assessing Learning Outcomes, Usability, and Student Experiences in Nursing Education
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07293663
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- NURSE-TRAIN / TY1218-RCT
- Conditions
- Education, Nursing Students, Clinical Competence, Teaching Innovation, Nasogasrtic Tube Insertion, User Experience, Teaching Method
- Keywords
- Nasogastric Tube Insertion, Nursing Education, Mixed Reality, Video-Based Learning, Instructor-Led Training, Meta Quest 3, Nursing Clinical Skills, Randomized Controlled Trial
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 160 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- University of TurkuUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Turku University of Applied Sciences
- Study start
- 12 Feb 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- Apr 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Apr 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 19 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study explores how nursing students learn to insert a nasogastric tube (NGT), a common but potentially risky clinical procedure. The goal is to compare three different teaching methods:
Mixed Reality (MR) glasses with virtual instructions Video-based learning Traditional instructor-led training
The study investigates which method leads to better learning outcomes, how usable the technologies are, and how students experience MR in their learning.
Participants will be first-year nursing students with no prior experience in NGT insertion. They will be randomly assigned to one of the three training methods, complete the procedure, and answer questionnaires about their performance and experience. Six months later, they will repeat the procedure to assess long-term learning.
Detailed description
This randomized controlled trial investigates the effectiveness of three teaching methods Mixed Reality (MR), Video-Based Learning (VBL), and Instructor-Led Training in teaching nasogastric tube (NGT) insertion to first-year nursing students. The study aims to compare learning outcomes, usability, and user experience across these methods, and to assess long-term retention of clinical skills.
NGT insertion is a routine but high-risk procedure in nursing. Incorrect placement can lead to serious complications such as aspiration, nasal trauma, or increased mortality. Effective training is essential to ensure safe and competent practice.
Participants will be randomized into three parallel groups with identical instructional content based on a standardized NGT insertion protocol:
Mixed Reality (MR) Group (N=60) Students use Meta Quest 3 mixed reality glasses running a stepwise instructional application developed with CTRL Studio.
The MR application provides interactive, virtual guidance for each step of the NGT insertion procedure.
Prior to practice, students receive technical familiarization, including hands-on use of the MR device and navigation of the virtual interface.
The virtual content is identical to the other groups and can be replayed during practice.
Video-Assisted Group (N=60) Students watch a video of the NGT insertion procedure recorded from the operator's point of view using a head-mounted, voice-controlled smart camera.
The video content is identical to the MR and instructor-led sessions and can be replayed during practice. No additional verbal guidance is provided during practice.
Instructor-Led Group (Control) (N=60) Students receive classroom-based instruction including theoretical slides and a live demonstration of the NGT insertion procedure.
Students practice individually on a manikin under teacher supervision. The teacher answers questions but does not provide step-by-step coaching.
All students complete a pre-test on NGT theory and a demographic questionnaire. Each student performs the NGT insertion individually on a manikin during the practice phase.
After practice, students complete:
NASA-TLX workload assessment and NGT theory post-test (all groups) System Usability Scale (SUS) and User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ) (MR and video groups only) MR group also submits a written reflection on device usability.
Finally, students repeat the NGT insertion in a separate room without guidance. Performance is assessed by a blinded research assistant using a standardized NGT checklist.
The study follows the Medical Research Council (MRC) Framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions. The intervention materials are evidence-based and piloted with teachers and students before implementation. The sample size is calculated to ensure statistical power, and data will be analyzed using SPSS software. ANOVA and t-tests will be used to compare group outcomes, and qualitative data from student reflections will be analyzed using content analysis.
This study contributes to the development of evidence-based teaching strategies in nursing education. It explores how immersive technologies like MR can enhance skill acquisition, motivation, and satisfaction. The findings will inform future curriculum design and support the integration of digital tools in clinical training.
Ethical approval has been obtained, and all participants will provide informed consent. Data will be anonymized and securely stored. The study is conducted in collaboration with the University of Turku and Turku University of Applied Sciences.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 3
- Model description
- Participants are randomized into three parallel groups, each receiving a different instructional method for nasogastric tube (NGT) insertion training. All groups follow the same standardized protocol and instructional content. The MR group uses Meta Quest 3 mixed reality glasses with a stepwise virtual application developed in CTRL Studio. The video group watches a head-mounted smart camera recording of the procedure. The instructor-led group receives classroom-based instruction and a live demonstration. Each student performs the procedure individually on a manikin, and outcomes are assessed post-intervention and at six-month follow-up.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Mixed Reality Group | Experimental | Device: Mixed Reality NGT TrainingParticipants in this arm receive nasogastric tube (NGT) insertion training using Meta Quest 3 mixed reality glasses. The instructional application, developed with CTRL Studio, provides stepwise virtual guidance. Students receive technical familiarization before practice. The instructional content is standardized and identical to other groups. This arm evaluates the effectiveness and usability of MR-based training. |
| Video-Based Learning Group | Experimental | Device: Video-Based NGT TrainingParticipants in this arm receive NGT insertion training by watching a video recorded from the operator's point of view using a head-mounted, voice-controlled smart camera. The video is identical to the MR and instructor-led groups and can be replayed during practice. No verbal guidance is provided during the procedure. This arm evaluates the effectiveness and usability of video-based training. |
| Instructor-Led Training Group (Control) | Experimental | Behavioral: Instructor-Led NGT TrainingParticipants in this arm receive classroom-based instruction including theoretical slides and a live demonstration of the NGT insertion procedure. Students practice individually on a manikin under teacher supervision. The teacher answers questions but does not provide step-by-step coaching. This arm serves as the control condition and represents traditional teaching methods. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- First-year nursing student
- Performing nasogastric tube (NGT) insertion for the first time
- No prior theoretical education or pre-material on NGT insertion procedure
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Previous nursing education (e.g., practical nurse qualification)
- Diagnosis of epilepsy
- Presence of a pacemaker
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Mixed Reality NGT TrainingAlso: Meta Quest 3 MR TrainingParticipants use Meta Quest 3 mixed reality glasses with a stepwise instructional application developed in CTRL Studio. The application provides interactive virtual guidance for nasogastric tube (NGT) insertion. Students receive technical familiarization before practice. Content is standardized and identical to other groups. | Device | Mixed Reality Group |
| Video-Based NGT TrainingAlso: Video-Based Skill TrainingParticipants watch a video of the NGT insertion procedure recorded from the operator's point of view using a head-mounted, voice-controlled smart camera. The video is identical to the MR and instructor-led groups and can be replayed during practice. No verbal guidance is provided during the procedure. | Device | Video-Based Learning Group |
| Instructor-Led NGT TrainingAlso: Traditional Teaching, Classroom-Based Instruction, Teacher-Guided TrainingParticipants receive classroom-based instruction including theoretical slides and a live demonstration of the NGT insertion procedure. Students practice individually on a manikin under teacher supervision. The teacher answers questions but does not provide step-by-step coaching. | Behavioural | Instructor-Led Training Group (Control) |
Primary outcome
NGT Checklist Performance Score
Time frame: Immediately after training; 6 months after training
Student performance in nasogastric tube (NGT) insertion is assessed using a structured NGT checklist. Total score on the NGT checklist is 38 point. Higher scores indicate better procedural performance. The checklist evaluates both technical and non-technical procedural steps to determine clinical competence. Assessment is conducted immediately after the intervention (M1) and again six months later (M2) without instructional support. Checklist completed by a research assistant or staff member observing the student performing the NGT procedure on a manikin. The NGT checklist is based on validated tools (e.g., Kebede et al., 2024) and is designed to objectively measure students' ability to perform NGT insertion safely and correctly.
5 secondary outcomes
User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ)
Time frame: Immediately after intervention
System Usability Scale (SUS)
Time frame: Immediately after intervention
NASA Task Load Index (NASA TLX)
Time frame: Immediately after intervention
Student Reflection Texts
Time frame: Immediately after intervention
Nasogastric Tube (NGT) theory pre- and post-test
Time frame: Baseline; Immediately after intervention
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 19 Dec 2025.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. No, individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared. The data collected in this study will be used solely for statistical analysis and the publication of aggregated results in peer-reviewed scientific articles. Due to ethical considerations, including participant confidentiality and the nature of the consent obtained, individual-level data will not be made publicly available.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Marika Leppänen, Doctoral Researcher principal investigator
University of Turku, Department of Nursing Science
Heli Virtanen, Professor study chair
University of Turku, Department of Nursing Science
Minna Kyttälä, Professor study chair
University of Turku, Department of Education
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Mixed Reality NGT Training, Video-Based NGT Training and Instructor-Led NGT Training in people with Education, Nursing Students and Clinical Competence, run by University of Turku at 1 site in Finland.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 19 Dec 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Finland. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Marika Leppänen, Doctoral Researcher (+358505331989, marika.t.leppanen@utu.fi), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
NGT Checklist Performance Score (time frame: Immediately after training; 6 months after training). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 19 Dec 2025; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 28 Oct 2026.