AnxietyNCT07299916
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and Immersive Virtual Reality Meditation (IVRM) for the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders
A study testing tDCS +IVRM (Active stimulation) in people with Anxiety and GAD, run by The University of Hong Kong at 1 site in Hong Kong.
Trial summary
The goal of this RCT is to evaluate the post-intervention (week 2) and 1-month post-intervention (week 6) of a 2-week intervention (12 sessions) of combined tDCS (a non-invasive brain stimulation method, with anodal stimulation over lDLPFC and cathodal stimulation over rDLPFC) and immersive virtual reality meditation… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 16 to 70 years
- What is being tested?
- tDCS +IVRM (Active stimulation)
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 52 participants
- Where
- 1 siteHong Kong
- Study dates
- 20 Dec 2025to 30 Mar 2027
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 16 to 70 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Aged 16-70 years;
- Diagnosed with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) or Mixed Anxiety and Depressive Disorder (MADD) or Major Depressive Disorder with prominent anxiety symptoms, according to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5, Clinical Version (SCID-DSM-5, CV)
- Scored ≥ 8 (i.e., at least mild to moderate anxiety on the 14-item Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A)) at screening;
- Right handedness;
- Stable dosage of antidepressants or other treatments for depression in recent 4 weeks; and
- Can read and write Chinese
Who cannot join
- History of significant head trauma, neurological disorders (e.g., epilepsy), seizures, or focal brain lesions;
- First degree relative with epilepsy, significant neurological illness or head trauma, endocrine disease;
- Concomitant unstable medical condition or major neurological conditions;
- Comorbid disorders listed in the DSM-V, e.g., schizophrenia, mental retardation, etc.;
- Current or history of alcohol or drug abuse;
- Inability to provide informed consent
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
About this study
Official title: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and Immersive Virtual Reality Meditation(IVRM) for the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Trial
The goal of this RCT is to evaluate the post-intervention (week 2) and 1-month post-intervention (week 6) of a 2-week intervention (12 sessions) of combined tDCS (a non-invasive brain stimulation method, with anodal stimulation over lDLPFC and cathodal stimulation over rDLPFC) and immersive virtual reality meditation (IVRM) on anxiety severity among individuals with anxiety disorders, as compared to sham group. We also assess the effects of the intervention on other secondary outcomes as compared to sham group, as well as the tolerability (how well people can handle it) and feasibility (how easy it is to carry out) of this combined intervention.
Exploratory analyses will examine physiological markers, such as heart rate variability (HRV), in relation to treatment response.
Read more
Participants will receive total 12 sessions of either active or sham tDCS on DLPFC paired with IVRM. The assessment will be blinded to assessors. No one (participants, researchers, assessors) will be revealed the group allocation. Sham tdcs applies the standard blinding protocol with 30 seconds of ramping up and ramping down periods.
Participants will:
Receive 12 total treatment sessions (twice a day for 2 weeks); each session is 20 minutes of tDCS (active or sham) plus IVRM. The IVRM uses HypnoVR® with 3D scenes (e.g., beach, forest) and 20-minute guided scripts meditation.Take a 20-minute break between the two daily sessions.
Complete assessments at three time points: baseline (before treatment, T0), right after the 2-week treatment (T1), and 1 month after treatment (T2). Assessments include anxiety tests (e.g., HAM-A, Beck Anxiety Inventory), adverse effect questionnaires (for tDCS and IVRM), and physiological checks (e.g., heart rate variability).
- Being tested
- tDCS +IVRM (Active stimulation), tDCS+IVRM (sham stimulation)
- Keywords
- immersive virtual reality meditation, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), Augmentative treatment
- Medical subject headings
- Anxiety Disorders
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
tDCS +IVRM (Active stimulation)Device
Participants will receive 12 combined sessions (twice daily over 2 weeks), with each session being 20 minutes of active tDCS (delivering 2mA current, electrodes placed at left DLPFC (F3, anode) and right DLPFC (F4, cathode)) synchronized with immersive VR; a 20-minute interval between daily sessions .The IVRM will employ guided meditation VR (Brainrise , France) ,as a technology based mindfulness based treatment, with standardised meditation scripts, using Oculus Rift VR headset. The current will be applied with the anode positioned left DLPFC, corresponding to area F3 in the international 10-20 system. The cathode will be applied at the right dPLFC, F4
tDCS+IVRM (sham stimulation)Device
Participants will receive 12 sessions of sham tDCS stimulation paired with concurrent IVRM. Stimulation is delivered using a tDCS device (Soterix Medical), anodal stimulation at lDLPFC and cathodal stimulation at RFLPFC. The IVRM will employ guided meditation VR (Brainrise , France) ,as a technology based mindfulness based treatment, with standardised meditation scripts, using Oculus Rift VR headset. In the sham condition, the current will be ramped up to 2mA within the first and last 30 seconds to mimic the sensation of stimulation, but then ramped down, with no current maintained at other times.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| active tDCS stimulation + IVRM | Experimental | Participants will receive 12 combined sessions (twice daily over 2 weeks), with each session being 20 minutes of active tDCS (delivering 2mA current, electrodes placed at left DLPFC (F3, anode) and right DLPFC (F4, cathode)) synchronized with immersive VR; a 20-minute interval between daily sessions Receives: Device: tDCS +IVRM (Active stimulation) |
| Sham tDCS stimulation + IVRM | Sham comparator | Participants will receive 12 combined sessions (twice daily over 2 weeks), with each session being 20 minutes of sham tDCS synchronized with immersive VR; a 20-minute interval between daily sessions.
In the sham condition, the current will be ramped up to 2mA within the first and last 30 seconds to mimic the sensation of stimulation, but then ramped down, with no current maintained at other times.
Moreover, the stimulation mode of the tDCS device will be pre-set by a the principal investigator, who are not involved in the stimulation delivery or outcome measurements, both of which are conducted by a research assistant who are blinded to the stimulation mode. Receives: Device: tDCS+IVRM (sham stimulation) |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A)-14 items
The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) is a 14-item clinician-rated tool used to assess the severity of anxiety symptoms, with scores ranging from 0 (minimum) to 56 (maximum); higher scores indicate more severe anxiety.
Measured: Assessments are conducted at three time points: Baseline (Day 0, before the start of the intervention), post-intervention (Day 14, immediately after the 2-week combined tDCS-VR intervention), and 1-month post-intervention (Month 1, follow-up)
Secondary outcomes (17)
Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI)
The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) is a 21-item self-report questionnaire designed to measure the severity of anxiety symptoms, with scores ranging from 0 to 63; higher scores indicate greater anxiety.
Measured: Assessed at Baseline (Day 0), post-intervention (Day 1), and 1-month post-intervention (Month 1)
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)
The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) is a 40-item self-report measure that assesses two types of anxiety: state anxiety (temporary condition) and trait anxiety (general tendency), with scores ranging from 20 to 80 for each subscale; higher scores indicate greater anxiety.
Measured: Assessed at Day 0, Day 14, and Month 1
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a 21-item self-report questionnaire used to assess the severity of depressive symptoms, with scores ranging from 0 to 63; higher scores indicate more severe depression.
Measured: Assessed at Day 0, Day 14, and Month 1
Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS)
The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), also known as HAM-D, is a clinician-administered instrument commonly consisting of 17 items used to assess the severity of depressive symptoms, with scores typically ranging from 0 to 52; higher scores reflect more severe depression.
Measured: Assessed at Day 0, Day 14, and Month 1
Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)
The Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) is a clinician-rated instrument consisting of 10 items designed to measure the severity of depressive symptoms, with scores ranging from 0 to 60; higher scores indicate more severe depression
Measured: Assessed in Day 0, Day 14, Month 1.
The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)
The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a 14-item self-report questionnaire designed to assess symptoms of anxiety (7 items) and depression (7 items) in non-psychiatric hospital settings, with each subscale scoring from 0 to 21; higher scores indicate greater symptom severity.
Measured: Assessed at Day 0
Somatic Symptom Scale (SSS-8)
The Somatic Symptom Scale - 8 (SSS-8) is an 8-item self-report questionnaire designed to assess the burden of somatic symptoms, with scores ranging from 0 to 32; higher scores indicate greater somatic symptom severity
Measured: Assessed Day 0, Day 14, Month 1
Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21)
The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales - 21 (DASS-21) is a 21-item self-report questionnaire designed to measure the severity of three related emotional states: depression, anxiety, and stress, with each subscale containing 7 items and scoring from 0 to 21; higher scores indicate greater symptom severity.
Measured: Assessed at Day 0, Day 14, Month 1.
Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)
The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) is a widely used self-report instrument consisting of 10 items that measure the degree to which individuals perceive situations in their life as stressful, with scores ranging from 0 to 40; higher scores indicate greater perceived stress.
Measured: Assessed at Day 0, Day 14, Month 1.
Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ)
The Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) is a 16-item self-report measure designed to assess the trait of worry, particularly its intensity and uncontrollability, with scores ranging from 16 to 80; higher scores indicate greater levels of pathological worry.
Measured: Assessed at Day 0, Day 14, Month 1.
Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI)
The Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) is a 20-item self-report questionnaire designed to assess five dimensions of fatigue: general fatigue, physical fatigue, mental fatigue, reduced motivation, and reduced activity, with each subscale scored from 4 to 20; higher scores indicate greater fatigue.
Measured: Assessed at Day 0, Day 14, Month 1.
Short Form Health Survey (SF-6D)
Short-form measure of health status from 6 dimensions.The SF-6D has been valued to generate utilities that reflect members of the public's preferences for health on the 0 to 1 utility scale (dead to full health) where values below zero indicate a health state that is considered worse than being dead. The lower the score, the more severe the disease.
Measured: Assessed at Day 0, Day 14, Month 1
Heart rate variability (HRV)
By HeartMath Device and PULSAR android app
Measured: pre- and post-intervention time points; also during the intervention sessions
Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
Two VASs items were used to measure motivation and willingness during intervention using a continuous scale. Each VAS contains a scale of 1 (minimum) to 10 (maximum). The total scores ranging from 2 to 20, with higher scores indicating more interest into the program and intervention
Measured: Assessed at Day 14
Adverse Effects Questionnaire for tDCS
Measure the adverse effects during the tDCS treatment period. 10 items of the potential adverse effects of tDCS. This instrument assesses the presence, severity , and perceived relatedness of ten common tDCS-associated sensations (e.g. itching, tingling headache, etc). Severity: For each present item, severity is graded on a 4-point scale (from 1-4): (No, Mild, Moderate, serious). The score ranges from 10-40. The higher the recorded score means the participants perceive more adverse effects from tDCS.
Measured: Day 14 (post-assessment)
Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ)
Record the Simulator Sickness for VR. There are 16 items, with each from 0-3 severity; The total score ranges from 0-48. Scores reflect the severity, with higher numbers meaning more sickness perceived by the participants.
Measured: At the end the intervention, Day 14 (Post-assessment)
Intervention tolerability and drop out rate
Measure the tolerability and drop out rate during the whole intervention period
Measured: Post-assessment, Day 14.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted23 Dec 2025
- Study start20 Dec 2025
- Primary completion30 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion30 Mar 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for AnxietyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by The University of Hong KongThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 52 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- The University of Hong Kong
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Lo Ka Ying, The University of Hong Kong
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07299916
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- tDCS_anxiety
- Status last verified
- Apr 2026
- First submitted
- 25 Nov 2025
- Last updated
- 29 Apr 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 29 Apr 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and Immersive Virtual Reality Meditation(IVRM) for the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07299916
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- tDCS_anxiety
- Keywords
- immersive virtual reality meditation, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), Augmentative treatment
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Enrolling by invitation
- Enrolment
- 52 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- The University of Hong KongUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 20 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 30 Mar 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 23 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this RCT is to evaluate the post-intervention (week 2) and 1-month post-intervention (week 6) of a 2-week intervention (12 sessions) of combined tDCS (a non-invasive brain stimulation method, with anodal stimulation over lDLPFC and cathodal stimulation over rDLPFC) and immersive virtual reality meditation (IVRM) on anxiety severity among individuals with anxiety disorders, as compared to sham group. We also assess the effects of the intervention on other secondary outcomes as compared to sham group, as well as the tolerability (how well people can handle it) and feasibility (how easy it is to carry out) of this combined intervention.
Exploratory analyses will examine physiological markers, such as heart rate variability (HRV), in relation to treatment response.
Participants will receive total 12 sessions of either active or sham tDCS on DLPFC paired with IVRM. The assessment will be blinded to assessors. No one (participants, researchers, assessors) will be revealed the group allocation. Sham tdcs applies the standard blinding protocol with 30 seconds of ramping up and ramping down periods.
Participants will:
Receive 12 total treatment sessions (twice a day for 2 weeks); each session is 20 minutes of tDCS (active or sham) plus IVRM. The IVRM uses HypnoVR® with 3D scenes (e.g., beach, forest) and 20-minute guided scripts meditation.Take a 20-minute break between the two daily sessions.
Complete assessments at three time points: baseline (before treatment, T0), right after the 2-week treatment (T1), and 1 month after treatment (T2). Assessments include anxiety tests (e.g., HAM-A, Beck Anxiety Inventory), adverse effect questionnaires (for tDCS and IVRM), and physiological checks (e.g., heart rate variability).
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind (participant, care provider, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| active tDCS stimulation + IVRM | Experimental | Device: tDCS +IVRM (Active stimulation)Participants will receive 12 combined sessions (twice daily over 2 weeks), with each session being 20 minutes of active tDCS (delivering 2mA current, electrodes placed at left DLPFC (F3, anode) and right DLPFC (F4, cathode)) synchronized with immersive VR; a 20-minute interval between daily sessions |
| Sham tDCS stimulation + IVRM | Sham comparator | Device: tDCS+IVRM (sham stimulation)Participants will receive 12 combined sessions (twice daily over 2 weeks), with each session being 20 minutes of sham tDCS synchronized with immersive VR; a 20-minute interval between daily sessions. In the sham condition, the current will be ramped up to 2mA within the first and last 30 seconds to mimic the sensation of stimulation, but then ramped down, with no current maintained at other times. Moreover, the stimulation mode of the tDCS device will be pre-set by a the principal investigator, who are not involved in the stimulation delivery or outcome measurements, both of which are conducted by a research assistant who are blinded to the stimulation mode. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 16 to 70 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Aged 16-70 years;
- Diagnosed with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) or Mixed Anxiety and Depressive Disorder (MADD) or Major Depressive Disorder with prominent anxiety symptoms, according to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5, Clinical Version (SCID-DSM-5, CV)
- Scored ≥ 8 (i.e., at least mild to moderate anxiety on the 14-item Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A)) at screening;
- Right handedness;
- Stable dosage of antidepressants or other treatments for depression in recent 4 weeks; and
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- History of significant head trauma, neurological disorders (e.g., epilepsy), seizures, or focal brain lesions;
- First degree relative with epilepsy, significant neurological illness or head trauma, endocrine disease;
- Concomitant unstable medical condition or major neurological conditions;
- Comorbid disorders listed in the DSM-V, e.g., schizophrenia, mental retardation, etc.;
- Current or history of alcohol or drug abuse;
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| tDCS +IVRM (Active stimulation)Participants will receive 12 combined sessions (twice daily over 2 weeks), with each session being 20 minutes of active tDCS (delivering 2mA current, electrodes placed at left DLPFC (F3, anode) and right DLPFC (F4, cathode)) synchronized with immersive VR; a 20-minute interval between daily sessions .The IVRM will employ guided meditation VR (Brainrise , France) ,as a technology based mindfulness based treatment, with standardised meditation scripts, using Oculus Rift VR headset. The current will be applied with the anode positioned left DLPFC, corresponding to area F3 in the international 10-20 system. The cathode will be applied at the right dPLFC, F4 | Device | active tDCS stimulation + IVRM |
| tDCS+IVRM (sham stimulation)Participants will receive 12 sessions of sham tDCS stimulation paired with concurrent IVRM. Stimulation is delivered using a tDCS device (Soterix Medical), anodal stimulation at lDLPFC and cathodal stimulation at RFLPFC. The IVRM will employ guided meditation VR (Brainrise , France) ,as a technology based mindfulness based treatment, with standardised meditation scripts, using Oculus Rift VR headset. In the sham condition, the current will be ramped up to 2mA within the first and last 30 seconds to mimic the sensation of stimulation, but then ramped down, with no current maintained at other times. | Device | Sham tDCS stimulation + IVRM |
Primary outcome
Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A)-14 items
Time frame: Assessments are conducted at three time points: Baseline (Day 0, before the start of the intervention), post-intervention (Day 14, immediately after the 2-week combined tDCS-VR intervention), and 1-month post-intervention (Month 1, follow-up)
The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) is a 14-item clinician-rated tool used to assess the severity of anxiety symptoms, with scores ranging from 0 (minimum) to 56 (maximum); higher scores indicate more severe anxiety.
17 secondary outcomes
Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI)
Time frame: Assessed at Baseline (Day 0), post-intervention (Day 1), and 1-month post-intervention (Month 1)
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)
Time frame: Assessed at Day 0, Day 14, and Month 1
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Time frame: Assessed at Day 0, Day 14, and Month 1
Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS)
Time frame: Assessed at Day 0, Day 14, and Month 1
Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)
Time frame: Assessed in Day 0, Day 14, Month 1.
The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)
Time frame: Assessed at Day 0
Somatic Symptom Scale (SSS-8)
Time frame: Assessed Day 0, Day 14, Month 1
Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21)
Time frame: Assessed at Day 0, Day 14, Month 1.
Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)
Time frame: Assessed at Day 0, Day 14, Month 1.
Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ)
Time frame: Assessed at Day 0, Day 14, Month 1.
Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI)
Time frame: Assessed at Day 0, Day 14, Month 1.
Short Form Health Survey (SF-6D)
Time frame: Assessed at Day 0, Day 14, Month 1
Heart rate variability (HRV)
Time frame: pre- and post-intervention time points; also during the intervention sessions
Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
Time frame: Assessed at Day 14
Adverse Effects Questionnaire for tDCS
Time frame: Day 14 (post-assessment)
Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ)
Time frame: At the end the intervention, Day 14 (Post-assessment)
Intervention tolerability and drop out rate
Time frame: Post-assessment, Day 14.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 29 Apr 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing tDCS +IVRM (Active stimulation) in people with Anxiety and GAD, run by The University of Hong Kong at 1 site in Hong Kong.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: enrolling by invitation, as of the sponsor's last update on 29 Apr 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Hong Kong. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A)-14 items (time frame: Assessments are conducted at three time points: Baseline (Day 0, before the start of the intervention), post-intervention (Day 14, immediately after the 2-week combined tDCS-VR intervention), and 1-month post-intervention (Month 1, follow-up)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 29 Apr 2026.