Functional MobilityNCT07362004
Virtual Reality-Based Timed Up and Go Test in Young Adults
An observational study of Functional Mobility and Virtual Reality-Based Functional Assessment, run by Selcuk University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Functional mobility encompasses the essential motor skills required for individuals to perform activities of daily living independently and safely. One of the most commonly used methods for assessing this parameter is the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 30 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Functional Mobility, Virtual Reality-Based Functional Assessment
- What is being tested?
- Clinical Assessments
- How many people
- 60 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 2 Feb 2026to 30 Jul 2026
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 30 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Study population: Asymptomatic young adults aged 18-30 years who are able to perform activities of daily living independently and have no musculoskeletal, neurological, or cardiovascular conditions affecting functional mobility.
Who may be able to join
- Aged between 18 and 30 years,
- Asymptomatic, with no musculoskeletal, neurological, or cardiovascular symptoms,
- Ability to perform activities of daily living independently,
- Visual, auditory, and vestibular functions suitable for virtual reality applications,
- Ability to understand and follow instructions in Turkish,
- Willingness to participate voluntarily in the study.
Who cannot join
- History of lower extremity injury, surgical intervention, or serious musculoskeletal condition within the past six months,
- Presence of vestibular disorders, balance impairment, visual or hearing impairments,
- Experiencing symptoms of "VR sickness," such as nausea, dizziness, or spatial disorientation during virtual reality applications,
- History of neurological, cardiovascular, or metabolic diseases,
- Regular participation in heavy exercise or professional sports activities,
- Cognitive impairment that prevents understanding of test instructions,
- Voluntary withdrawal from the study during the research process.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Selcuk University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation
Konya, Selcuklu, 42130
Mehmet K ALTUNOK, PHD(c) in PT, 5558175133 ext. +90, mehmetkaan.altunok@selcuk.edu.tr
About this study
Official title: Validity and Reliability of an Immersive Virtual Reality Adaptation of the Timed Up and Go Test in Asymptomatic Young Adults
Functional mobility encompasses the essential motor skills required for individuals to perform activities of daily living independently and safely. One of the most commonly used methods for assessing this parameter is the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. The TUG test involves standing up from a chair, walking, turning, walking back three meters, and sitting down, and it is a measurement tool that has demonstrated high sensitivity and reliability in clinical practice for evaluating lower extremity function, mobility, and fall risk.
However, tests conducted in conventional clinical settings have limitations in terms of standardization due to examiner-related variability, environmental influences, and measurement subjectivity. These factors may lead to measurement errors, particularly when detecting small performance differences. Advances in virtual reality (VR) technology offer an innovative approach to the assessment and training of motor performance by recreating real-life scenarios in a three-dimensional and interactive manner. VR-based systems allow simultaneous observation of motor and cognitive processes while enhancing user motivation and engagement, thereby making the assessment process more dynamic. Recent studies have demonstrated that VR applications are effective tools in neurological rehabilitation, particularly in conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS), for improving balance, walking speed, and functional mobility.
Read more
A review of the existing literature reveals that studies evaluating the validity and reliability of VR-based functional tests are limited. Moreover, to date, no study has specifically focused on the validity and reliability of the TUG test in an immersive VR environment for assessing lower extremity functional mobility. Therefore, this study aims to address a significant gap in the literature by being one of the first investigations to examine the validity and reliability of a VR-based version of the TUG test.
This study aims to determine the feasibility, validity, and reliability of the TUG test administered in an immersive VR environment in asymptomatic young adults aged 18-30 years. Additionally, the relationships between VR-based TUG outcomes and the 4-Meter Walk Test, the Four Square Step Test, and lower extremity muscle strength measurements will be examined.
- Being tested
- Clinical Assessments
- Keywords
- Functional Mobility, Timed Up and Go Test, Virtual Reality, Immersive Virtual Reality, Validity, Reliability, Young Adults
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Clinical AssessmentsOther
Participants will perform the Timed Up and Go test using an immersive virtual reality application developed for the Meta Quest 3 platform. The virtual environment digitally replicates the conventional test setup, including the starting position, turning point, and seating area. Test duration is automatically recorded by the system. The virtual reality-based assessment is designed to provide a standardized, objective, and reproducible evaluation of functional mobility and will be repeated to assess test-retest reliability.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Asymptomatic Young Adults | Asymptomatic young adults aged 18-30 years undergoing conventional and immersive virtual reality-based Timed Up and Go assessments to evaluate feasibility, validity, and reliability. Receives: Other: Clinical Assessments |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Timed Up and Go Test - Virtual Reality (TUG-VR)
This outcome measure will be used to assess functional mobility using an immersive virtual reality-based adaptation of the Timed Up and Go test. Test completion time will be automatically recorded by the system. Validity and reliability will be evaluated by comparison with the conventional Timed Up and Go test and repeated measurements performed one week apart.
Measured: Baseline and 1-week follow-up
Secondary outcomes (5)
Timed Up and Go Test - Conventional
The conventional Timed Up and Go test will be administered to assess functional mobility and will be used as a reference measure for concurrent validity analysis.
Measured: Baseline
4-Meter Walk Test
This test will be used to assess short-distance walking performance and gait speed. Results will be used for convergent validity analysis with the virtual reality-based Timed Up and Go test.
Measured: Baseline
Four Square Step Test
This test will be administered to assess dynamic balance, agility, and directional change ability and will be used for convergent validity analysis.
Measured: Baseline
Lower Extremity Muscle Strength
Lower extremity muscle strength will be measured using a handheld digital dynamometer to assess its relationship with functional mobility and virtual reality-based Timed Up and Go performance.
Measured: Baseline
Participant Satisfaction
Participant satisfaction with conventional and virtual reality-based assessments will be evaluated using a 10-point numerical rating scale.
Measured: Baseline
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted23 Jan 2026
- Study start2 Feb 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion30 Jun 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion30 Jul 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (6)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Functional MobilityStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Selcuk University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Mehmet Kaan ALTUNOK, Selcuk University
- Investigators
- İsmail ÖZSOY, Assoc. Prof. Dr., Study chair, Selcuk University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Konya, TürkiyeMurat T İNANÇ, Study chair, Selcuk University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Konya, Türkiye
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07362004
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- SelcukU_PT_VR_TUG_ADAPTATION_1
- Status last verified
- Jan 2026
- First submitted
- 15 Jan 2026
- Last updated
- 23 Jan 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Maden C, Gozacan Karabulut D, Bagci B. Validity and reliability of an immersive virtual reality adaptation of the 6-minute pegboard and ring test. Hand Surg Rehabil. 2025 Feb;44(1):101981. doi: 10.1016/j.hansur.2024.101981. Epub 2024 Oct 30.
PubMed 39486588Massetti T, Trevizan IL, Arab C, Favero FM, Ribeiro-Papa DC, de Mello Monteiro CB. Virtual reality in multiple sclerosis - A systematic review. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2016 Jul;8:107-12. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2016.05.014. Epub 2016 May 21.
PubMed 27456884Maggio MG, Russo M, Cuzzola MF, Destro M, La Rosa G, Molonia F, Bramanti P, Lombardo G, De Luca R, Calabro RS. Virtual reality in multiple sclerosis rehabilitation: A review on cognitive and motor outcomes. J Clin Neurosci. 2019 Jul;65:106-111. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2019.03.017. Epub 2019 Mar 18.
PubMed 30898488Casuso-Holgado MJ, Martin-Valero R, Carazo AF, Medrano-Sanchez EM, Cortes-Vega MD, Montero-Bancalero FJ. Effectiveness of virtual reality training for balance and gait rehabilitation in people with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Rehabil. 2018 Sep;32(9):1220-1234. doi: 10.1177/0269215518768084. Epub 2018 Apr 13.
PubMed 29651873Kear BM, Guck TP, McGaha AL. Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test: Normative Reference Values for Ages 20 to 59 Years and Relationships With Physical and Mental Health Risk Factors. J Prim Care Community Health. 2017 Jan;8(1):9-13. doi: 10.1177/2150131916659282. Epub 2016 Jul 25.
PubMed 27450179Herman T, Giladi N, Hausdorff JM. Properties of the 'timed up and go' test: more than meets the eye. Gerontology. 2011;57(3):203-10. doi: 10.1159/000314963. Epub 2010 May 20.
PubMed 20484884
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 23 Jan 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Validity and Reliability of an Immersive Virtual Reality Adaptation of the Timed Up and Go Test in Asymptomatic Young Adults
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07362004
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- SelcukU_PT_VR_TUG_ADAPTATION_1
- Keywords
- Functional Mobility, Timed Up and Go Test, Virtual Reality, Immersive Virtual Reality, Validity, Reliability, Young Adults
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Selcuk UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 2 Feb 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 30 Jun 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 30 Jul 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 23 Jan 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Functional mobility encompasses the essential motor skills required for individuals to perform activities of daily living independently and safely. One of the most commonly used methods for assessing this parameter is the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. The TUG test involves standing up from a chair, walking, turning, walking back three meters, and sitting down, and it is a measurement tool that has demonstrated high sensitivity and reliability in clinical practice for evaluating lower extremity function, mobility, and fall risk.
However, tests conducted in conventional clinical settings have limitations in terms of standardization due to examiner-related variability, environmental influences, and measurement subjectivity. These factors may lead to measurement errors, particularly when detecting small performance differences. Advances in virtual reality (VR) technology offer an innovative approach to the assessment and training of motor performance by recreating real-life scenarios in a three-dimensional and interactive manner. VR-based systems allow simultaneous observation of motor and cognitive processes while enhancing user motivation and engagement, thereby making the assessment process more dynamic. Recent studies have demonstrated that VR applications are effective tools in neurological rehabilitation, particularly in conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS), for improving balance, walking speed, and functional mobility.
A review of the existing literature reveals that studies evaluating the validity and reliability of VR-based functional tests are limited. Moreover, to date, no study has specifically focused on the validity and reliability of the TUG test in an immersive VR environment for assessing lower extremity functional mobility. Therefore, this study aims to address a significant gap in the literature by being one of the first investigations to examine the validity and reliability of a VR-based version of the TUG test.
This study aims to determine the feasibility, validity, and reliability of the TUG test administered in an immersive VR environment in asymptomatic young adults aged 18-30 years. Additionally, the relationships between VR-based TUG outcomes and the 4-Meter Walk Test, the Four Square Step Test, and lower extremity muscle strength measurements will be examined.
Study design
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Asymptomatic Young Adults | – | Other: Clinical AssessmentsAsymptomatic young adults aged 18-30 years undergoing conventional and immersive virtual reality-based Timed Up and Go assessments to evaluate feasibility, validity, and reliability. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 30 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
- Study population
- Asymptomatic young adults aged 18-30 years who are able to perform activities of daily living independently and have no musculoskeletal, neurological, or cardiovascular conditions affecting functional mobility.
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Aged between 18 and 30 years,
- Asymptomatic, with no musculoskeletal, neurological, or cardiovascular symptoms,
- Ability to perform activities of daily living independently,
- Visual, auditory, and vestibular functions suitable for virtual reality applications,
- Ability to understand and follow instructions in Turkish,
Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)
- History of lower extremity injury, surgical intervention, or serious musculoskeletal condition within the past six months,
- Presence of vestibular disorders, balance impairment, visual or hearing impairments,
- Experiencing symptoms of "VR sickness," such as nausea, dizziness, or spatial disorientation during virtual reality applications,
- History of neurological, cardiovascular, or metabolic diseases,
- Regular participation in heavy exercise or professional sports activities,
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical AssessmentsParticipants will perform the Timed Up and Go test using an immersive virtual reality application developed for the Meta Quest 3 platform. The virtual environment digitally replicates the conventional test setup, including the starting position, turning point, and seating area. Test duration is automatically recorded by the system. The virtual reality-based assessment is designed to provide a standardized, objective, and reproducible evaluation of functional mobility and will be repeated to assess test-retest reliability. | Other | Asymptomatic Young Adults |
Primary outcome
Timed Up and Go Test - Virtual Reality (TUG-VR)
Time frame: Baseline and 1-week follow-up
This outcome measure will be used to assess functional mobility using an immersive virtual reality-based adaptation of the Timed Up and Go test. Test completion time will be automatically recorded by the system. Validity and reliability will be evaluated by comparison with the conventional Timed Up and Go test and repeated measurements performed one week apart.
5 secondary outcomes
Timed Up and Go Test - Conventional
Time frame: Baseline
4-Meter Walk Test
Time frame: Baseline
Four Square Step Test
Time frame: Baseline
Lower Extremity Muscle Strength
Time frame: Baseline
Participant Satisfaction
Time frame: Baseline
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 23 Jan 2026.
- Background: PubMed 39486588Maden C, Gozacan Karabulut D, Bagci B. Validity and reliability of an immersive virtual reality adaptation of the 6-minute pegboard and ring test. Hand Surg Rehabil. 2025 Feb;44(1):101981. doi: 10.1016/j.hansur.2024.101981. Epub 2024 Oct 30.
- Background: PubMed 27456884Massetti T, Trevizan IL, Arab C, Favero FM, Ribeiro-Papa DC, de Mello Monteiro CB. Virtual reality in multiple sclerosis - A systematic review. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2016 Jul;8:107-12. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2016.05.014. Epub 2016 May 21.
- Background: PubMed 30898488Maggio MG, Russo M, Cuzzola MF, Destro M, La Rosa G, Molonia F, Bramanti P, Lombardo G, De Luca R, Calabro RS. Virtual reality in multiple sclerosis rehabilitation: A review on cognitive and motor outcomes. J Clin Neurosci. 2019 Jul;65:106-111. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2019.03.017. Epub 2019 Mar 18.
- Background: PubMed 29651873Casuso-Holgado MJ, Martin-Valero R, Carazo AF, Medrano-Sanchez EM, Cortes-Vega MD, Montero-Bancalero FJ. Effectiveness of virtual reality training for balance and gait rehabilitation in people with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Rehabil. 2018 Sep;32(9):1220-1234. doi: 10.1177/0269215518768084. Epub 2018 Apr 13.
- Background: PubMed 27450179Kear BM, Guck TP, McGaha AL. Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test: Normative Reference Values for Ages 20 to 59 Years and Relationships With Physical and Mental Health Risk Factors. J Prim Care Community Health. 2017 Jan;8(1):9-13. doi: 10.1177/2150131916659282. Epub 2016 Jul 25.
- Background: PubMed 20484884Herman T, Giladi N, Hausdorff JM. Properties of the 'timed up and go' test: more than meets the eye. Gerontology. 2011;57(3):203-10. doi: 10.1159/000314963. Epub 2010 May 20.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
İsmail ÖZSOY, Assoc. Prof. Dr. study chair
Selcuk University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Konya, Türkiye
Murat T İNANÇ study chair
Selcuk University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Konya, Türkiye
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Functional Mobility and Virtual Reality-Based Functional Assessment, run by Selcuk University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 23 Jan 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Mehmet K ALTUNOK, PHD(c) in PT (5558175133 ext. +90, mehmetkaan.altunok@selcuk.edu.tr), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Timed Up and Go Test - Virtual Reality (TUG-VR) (time frame: Baseline and 1-week follow-up). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07362004, which also lists 6 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 23 Jan 2026.