Muscle PerformanceNCT07379385
Effects of Weekly Set Volume on Muscle Adaptation
A study testing Low volume (LV), Moderate Volume (MV) and High Volume (HV) in people with Muscle Performance and Resistance Training, run by Universidade Norte do Paraná at 1 site in Brazil.
Trial summary
The progressive loss of strength and muscle mass is a natural aging process, with direct implications for functional capacity. Resistance training (RT) is considered the main intervention to counteract this decline. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 65 to 80 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Muscle Performance, Resistance Training
- What is being tested?
- Low volume (LV), Moderate Volume (MV) and High Volume (HV)
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 57 participants
- Where
- 1 siteBrazil
- Study dates
- 1 Jan 2026to 10 Jul 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 65 to 80 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Age between 65 and 80 years
Who cannot join
- not having used any medication or substance that affects or improves muscle function for at least 3 months prior to the study,
- having any physical or physiological limitation that may affect the ability to perform the tests and physical training,
- not being able to understand the informed consent form and study procedures.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: The Effect of Weekly Set Volume of Resistance Training on Strength and Hypertrophy
The progressive loss of strength and muscle mass is a natural aging process, with direct implications for functional capacity. Resistance training (RT) is considered the main intervention to counteract this decline. Although the RT guidelines are well established, the ideal weekly set volume to maximize strength and hypertrophy gains in older adults remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of different volumes of weekly sets of RT on muscle strength and hypertrophy in older adults
Read the detailed description
BACKGROUND: The progressive loss of strength and muscle mass is a natural process of aging, with direct implications for functional capacity. Resistance training (RT) is considered the main intervention to counteract this decline. Although RT guidelines are well established, the ideal weekly volume of sets to maximize strength and hypertrophy gains in older adults remains unknown. PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of different weekly RT volumes on lower limb muscle strength and hypertrophy (quadriceps femoris) in older adults. METHODS: Fifty-seven older adults of both sexes will be matched for maximum dynamic strength (one repetition maximum - 1RM) and randomly divided into 03 groups: [Low Volume (LV = 6 sets/week, n = 19), Moderate Volume (MV = 18 sets/week, n = 19) and High Volume (LV = 30 sets/week, n = 18)]. All participants will undergo a 10-week resistance training protocol (3x/week), consisting of 8 exercises: bench press, leg press, seated row, leg extension, bicep curl, leg curl, triceps pulley, and seated calf raise. Only the leg extension and leg press exercises will be performed with different volumes of sets (VB = 1 set/exercise; VM = 3 sets/exercise; VA = 5 sets/exercise). The number of repetitions per set will be 8-12, and the training load will be adjusted every two weeks based on the maximum number of repetitions performed in the last training session. The following dependent variables will be analyzed before and after the training program: (1) maximum dynamic strength (1RM) and (2) maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) in the leg extension exercise, (3) muscle hypertrophy (thickness) of the quadriceps muscle and rectus femorisusing ultrasound images, and (4) rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and (5) affective responses (pleasure and displeasure) after training sessions. Data will be tested for normality and homogeneity using the Shapiro-Wilk's and Levene's tests, respectively. Changes over time and between groups will be analyzed with two-way repeated measures ANOVA tests. Violation of sphericity was corrected using the Greenhouse-Geisser method. When significant differences will be confirmed with the ANOVA, multiple comparison testing will be performed using the Bonferroni post hoc correction to identify these differences. Values will be expressed as mean (standard deviation and 95% confidence interval). The significance level was set at p < 0.05.
- Conditions
- Muscle Performance, Resistance Training
- Being tested
- Low volume (LV), Moderate Volume (MV), High Volume (HV)
- Keywords
- Resistance exercise, Weekly set volume, Training volume, Muscle hypertrophy, Muscle strength, Aging
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Low volume (LV)Other
Participants will be performed 6 sets/week during 10 weeks
Moderate Volume (MV)Other
Participants will be performed 18 sets/week during 10 weeks
High Volume (HV)Other
Participants will be performed 30 sets/week during 10 weeks
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Low Volume (LV) | Experimental | Participants will be performed 6 sets/week Receives: Other: Low volume (LV) |
| Moderate Volume (MV) | Experimental | Participants will be performed 18 sets/week Receives: Other: Moderate Volume (MV) |
| High Volume (HV) | Experimental | Participants will be performed 30 sets/week Receives: Other: High Volume (HV) |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Maximum dynamic strength (1RM)
The one-repetition maximum test will be performed on a bilateral leg extension machine. Briefly, participants will undergo 3 test attempts, interspersed with 5-minute intervals. Loads of 10-15% will be added after each attempt in order to reach the 1RM load within the 3 trials. Participants will be verbally encouraged during each attempt.
Measured: baseline and after 10 weeks of intervention
Maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC)
The MVIC test for the leg extension exercise (bilateral) will be performed using an isometric dynamometer (CEFISE Biotechnology, São Carlos, Brazil). Briefly, participants will perform three MVICs at 120º of knee flexion (180º = full extension) lasting 5 s, interspersed with 5 s of rest. Participants will be instructed and verbally encouraged to exert maximum force during all attempts. The highest value obtained for peak and mean torque of the three MVICs will be used for the analysis.
Measured: baseline and after 10 weeks of intervention
Muscle hypertrophy (thickness)
Muscle hypertrophy (thickness) of the quadriceps and rectus femoris muscles will be assessed using ultrasound images obtained at 3 anatomical points (30, 50, and 60% of the distance between the greater trochanter of the femur and the knee joint line). Muscle thickness will be analyzed using the image analysis program (ImageJ®).
Measured: baseline and after 10 weeks of intervention
Secondary outcomes (2)
Rating of perceive exterion (RPE)
Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) will be recorded immediately after completion of each set using the OMNI-RES scale. The participants will be instructed to report the perceived exertion value by indicating a number on the OMNI-RES scale (0 for ''no effort'' and 10 for ''maximal effort'') that best represented their momentary exertion.
Measured: Immediately after completion of each set of exercise
Affective responses (pleasure and displeasure)
The affective response will be assessed using an 11-point affectivity scale, ranging from +5 to -5, with a score of zero considered neutral, positive numbers (+1 to +5) representing feelings of pleasure, and negative numbers (-1 to -5) representing feelings of displeasure.
Measured: Immediately after each exercise during training sessions
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted30 Jan 2026
- Study start1 Jan 2026
- Primary completion6 Apr 2026
- Study completion10 Jul 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Muscle PerformanceStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 57 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Universidade Norte do Paraná
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Andreo Fernando Aguiar, Universidade Norte do Paraná
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07379385
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Weekly set volume study
- Status last verified
- Sep 2026
- First submitted
- 7 Jan 2026
- Last updated
- 9 Sep 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Robertson RJ, Goss FL, Rutkowski J, Lenz B, Dixon C, Timmer J, Frazee K, Dube J, Andreacci J. Concurrent validation of the OMNI perceived exertion scale for resistance exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003 Feb;35(2):333-41. doi: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000048831.15016.2A.
PubMed 12569225
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 9 Sep 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Weekly Set Volume of Resistance Training on Strength and Hypertrophy
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07379385
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Weekly set volume study
- Conditions
- Muscle Performance, Resistance Training
- Keywords
- Resistance exercise, Weekly set volume, Training volume, Muscle hypertrophy, Muscle strength, Aging
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 57 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Universidade Norte do ParanáUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Jan 2026 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 6 Apr 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 10 Jul 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 30 Jan 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The progressive loss of strength and muscle mass is a natural aging process, with direct implications for functional capacity. Resistance training (RT) is considered the main intervention to counteract this decline. Although the RT guidelines are well established, the ideal weekly set volume to maximize strength and hypertrophy gains in older adults remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of different volumes of weekly sets of RT on muscle strength and hypertrophy in older adults
Detailed description
BACKGROUND: The progressive loss of strength and muscle mass is a natural process of aging, with direct implications for functional capacity. Resistance training (RT) is considered the main intervention to counteract this decline. Although RT guidelines are well established, the ideal weekly volume of sets to maximize strength and hypertrophy gains in older adults remains unknown. PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of different weekly RT volumes on lower limb muscle strength and hypertrophy (quadriceps femoris) in older adults. METHODS: Fifty-seven older adults of both sexes will be matched for maximum dynamic strength (one repetition maximum - 1RM) and randomly divided into 03 groups: [Low Volume (LV = 6 sets/week, n = 19), Moderate Volume (MV = 18 sets/week, n = 19) and High Volume (LV = 30 sets/week, n = 18)]. All participants will undergo a 10-week resistance training protocol (3x/week), consisting of 8 exercises: bench press, leg press, seated row, leg extension, bicep curl, leg curl, triceps pulley, and seated calf raise. Only the leg extension and leg press exercises will be performed with different volumes of sets (VB = 1 set/exercise; VM = 3 sets/exercise; VA = 5 sets/exercise). The number of repetitions per set will be 8-12, and the training load will be adjusted every two weeks based on the maximum number of repetitions performed in the last training session. The following dependent variables will be analyzed before and after the training program: (1) maximum dynamic strength (1RM) and (2) maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) in the leg extension exercise, (3) muscle hypertrophy (thickness) of the quadriceps muscle and rectus femorisusing ultrasound images, and (4) rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and (5) affective responses (pleasure and displeasure) after training sessions. Data will be tested for normality and homogeneity using the Shapiro-Wilk's and Levene's tests, respectively. Changes over time and between groups will be analyzed with two-way repeated measures ANOVA tests. Violation of sphericity was corrected using the Greenhouse-Geisser method. When significant differences will be confirmed with the ANOVA, multiple comparison testing will be performed using the Bonferroni post hoc correction to identify these differences. Values will be expressed as mean (standard deviation and 95% confidence interval). The significance level was set at p < 0.05.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Low Volume (LV) | Experimental | Other: Low volume (LV)Participants will be performed 6 sets/week |
| Moderate Volume (MV) | Experimental | Other: Moderate Volume (MV)Participants will be performed 18 sets/week |
| High Volume (HV) | Experimental | Other: High Volume (HV)Participants will be performed 30 sets/week |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 65 to 80 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Age between 65 and 80 years
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- not having used any medication or substance that affects or improves muscle function for at least 3 months prior to the study,
- having any physical or physiological limitation that may affect the ability to perform the tests and physical training,
- not being able to understand the informed consent form and study procedures.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Low volume (LV)Participants will be performed 6 sets/week during 10 weeks | Other | Low Volume (LV) |
| Moderate Volume (MV)Participants will be performed 18 sets/week during 10 weeks | Other | Moderate Volume (MV) |
| High Volume (HV)Participants will be performed 30 sets/week during 10 weeks | Other | High Volume (HV) |
Primary outcome
Maximum dynamic strength (1RM)
Time frame: baseline and after 10 weeks of intervention
The one-repetition maximum test will be performed on a bilateral leg extension machine. Briefly, participants will undergo 3 test attempts, interspersed with 5-minute intervals. Loads of 10-15% will be added after each attempt in order to reach the 1RM load within the 3 trials. Participants will be verbally encouraged during each attempt.
Maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC)
Time frame: baseline and after 10 weeks of intervention
The MVIC test for the leg extension exercise (bilateral) will be performed using an isometric dynamometer (CEFISE Biotechnology, São Carlos, Brazil). Briefly, participants will perform three MVICs at 120º of knee flexion (180º = full extension) lasting 5 s, interspersed with 5 s of rest. Participants will be instructed and verbally encouraged to exert maximum force during all attempts. The highest value obtained for peak and mean torque of the three MVICs will be used for the analysis.
Muscle hypertrophy (thickness)
Time frame: baseline and after 10 weeks of intervention
Muscle hypertrophy (thickness) of the quadriceps and rectus femoris muscles will be assessed using ultrasound images obtained at 3 anatomical points (30, 50, and 60% of the distance between the greater trochanter of the femur and the knee joint line). Muscle thickness will be analyzed using the image analysis program (ImageJ®).
2 secondary outcomes
Rating of perceive exterion (RPE)
Time frame: Immediately after completion of each set of exercise
Affective responses (pleasure and displeasure)
Time frame: Immediately after each exercise during training sessions
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 9 Sep 2026.
- Results publication: PubMed 12569225Robertson RJ, Goss FL, Rutkowski J, Lenz B, Dixon C, Timmer J, Frazee K, Dube J, Andreacci J. Concurrent validation of the OMNI perceived exertion scale for resistance exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003 Feb;35(2):333-41. doi: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000048831.15016.2A.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Low volume (LV), Moderate Volume (MV) and High Volume (HV) in people with Muscle Performance and Resistance Training, run by Universidade Norte do Paraná at 1 site in Brazil.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 9 Sep 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Brazil. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Maximum dynamic strength (1RM) (time frame: baseline and after 10 weeks of intervention). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07379385, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 9 Sep 2026.