EducationNCT07428772
Online Watch-Summarize-Question-Ask Method in Falls Education for Nursing Students
A study testing Online Watch Summarize Question Learning Model in people with Education and Online Learning, run by Inonu University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This randomized controlled study will evaluate the effectiveness of an online Watch-Summarize-Question-Ask (WSQA) learning method on nursing students' knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors related to patient fall prevention and management. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Education, Online Learning, Fall Prevention
- What is being tested?
- Online Watch Summarize Question Learning Model
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 66 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 27 Feb 2026to 7 Jun 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Volunteers from the 4th year students of the Nursing Faculty at İnönü University
Who cannot join
- Graduates of high school, associate's degree, or bachelor's degree programs in a health-related field
- Students who have enrolled in the 4th grade for the second time
- Students who do not have the technical means to access the online education platform
- Students who wish to withdraw from the research at any stage
- Students who do not participate in the training sessions
- Students who do not complete the data collection forms
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Zeliha Cengiz, Associate Professor contact
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Inonu University Faculty of Nursing
Malatya
Zeliha Cengiz, Associate Professor, + 905433277494, zeliha.cengiz@inonu.edu.tr
Gözde Küçükkarakurt, PhD student
About this study
Official title: The Effect of the Online Watch-Summarize-Question-Ask Learning Method on Nursing Students' Knowledge, Skills, Attitudes, and Behaviors Regarding Patient Falls
This randomized controlled study will evaluate the effectiveness of an online Watch-Summarize-Question-Ask (WSQA) learning method on nursing students' knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors related to patient fall prevention and management. Sixty-six nursing students will be randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Both groups will receive standard patient safety education, while the intervention group will additionally participate in an online, evidence-based fall prevention training program structured according to the WSQA method, including video-based learning, summarization, question generation, and interactive discussions. Outcomes will be assessed using validated instruments measuring fall management knowledge, self-efficacy, attitudes toward fall prevention, care planning performance, and student satisfaction. The study aims to determine the effectiveness of an innovative educational approach to improve fall prevention competencies and enhance the quality and safety of nursing care.
Read the detailed description
Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of an online fall prevention training program, developed based on the Watch-Summarize-Question-Ask instructional strategy, on the knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors of fourth-year undergraduate nursing students. This evaluation will be conducted using the four levels of the Kirkpatrick's Four-Level Evaluation Model, and it aims to comprehensively determine both the learning outcomes of the training and its reflection on clinical practice.
Type of Research This research will be conducted using a randomized controlled experimental design. Participants will be randomly assigned to two groups using the block randomization method.
Location and Time of the Study The study will be conducted at the Faculty of Nursing, İnönü University, between February and June 2026.
Participants/Sample The study population will consist of fourth-year undergraduate nursing participants enrolled in the Nursing Internship Course at the Faculty of Nursing, İnönü University, during the 2025-2026 academic year. Power analysis indicated a minimum sample size of 56 participants; however, considering potential attrition, a total of 66 participants will be recruited. Participants who meet the inclusion criteria will be assigned to the experimental and control groups using a block randomization method. Each group will include 33 participants (Experimental Group = 33; Control Group = 33).
Method / Intervention Participants in both groups will receive the standard patient safety education included in the undergraduate nursing curriculum. In addition, participants in the experimental group will receive an evidence-based fall prevention training delivered through an online learning model structured according to the Watch-Summarize-Question (WSQ) teaching strategy. The intervention will include video-based learning, structured summarization activities, question generation, and interactive online discussion sessions to reinforce learning and promote active participation. The control group will continue with the standard curriculum without receiving the WSQ-based training. Outcomes will be evaluated using validated measurement tools assessing knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behavioral outcomes related to fall management.
Data Collection Tools Participant Information Form: Participants' demographic characteristics, educational background, and access to technological resources required for participation in online learning platforms.
Satisfaction with E-Learning Scale (Turkish version: E-Derslere Yönelik Memnuniyet Ölçeği): The scale consists of 35 items and five subdimensions. The response options are designed as a five-point Likert-type scale scored between 1 and 5.
Falls Management Knowledge Test: This test will be developed by the researcher based on a literature review to assess participants' knowledge levels on falls management and to evaluate the effectiveness of the education on the patient safety knowledge subdimension Scales for Assessing Self-Efficacy: The scale consists of 11 items prepared in a 6-point Likert-type format.
Attitudes of Nurses Toward Falls Prevention Scale (Turkish version: Hemşirelerin Düşmelerin Önlenmesine Yönelik Tutumları Ölçeği): The scale consists of 19 items and 5 subdimensions. The response options are designed as a five-point Likert scale scored between 1 and 5.
Care Plan Evaluation Form: A structured seven-item assessment form developed by the researchers will be used to determine the extent to which students reflect their knowledge and awareness of fall management in their care plans.
Expected Results/Significance The study is expected to determine the effectiveness of the online fall prevention education developed based on the WSQ learning strategy in improving nursing students' knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors regarding fall management. The findings are anticipated to support the integration of structured, evidence-based online teaching methods into nursing education, enhance patient safety awareness, strengthen clinical decision-making skills, and contribute to the quality of nursing care
- Conditions
- Education, Online Learning, Fall Prevention, Fall, Accidental, Nursing Students, Patient Safety
- Being tested
- Online Watch Summarize Question Learning Model
- Keywords
- online learning, patient falls, fall prevention, patient safety, nursing students
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Online Watch Summarize Question Learning ModelBehavioural
The intervention consists of a structured online fall prevention education program based on the WSQ instructional strategy. Unlike traditional lecture-based education, this intervention integrates active learning components including video-based instruction, structured summarization tasks, student-generated question development, synchronous interactive discussion sessions, and peer-supported learning through an online discussion forum. The program is delivered through a distance education platform and is designed to promote reflective learning, cognitive engagement, and collaborative knowledge construction. The WSQ model ensures that participants actively process educational content rather than passively receiving information. The intervention is implemented in addition to the standard undergraduate patient safety curriculum and is specifically tailored to improve nursing students' competencies in fall risk assessment and fall prevention management.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental Group | Experimental | Participants in the experimental arm will receive the standard patient safety education included in the undergraduate nursing curriculum through face-to-face instruction. In addition, they will participate in the Watch-Summarize-Question (WSQ)-based online fall prevention education. The WSQ program will include watching educational videos, summarizing course content, generating questions, participating in interactive online discussion sessions, and engaging in peer interaction through an online discussion forum. Receives: Behavioral: Online Watch Summarize Question Learning Model |
| Control Group | No intervention | Participants in the control arm will receive only the standard patient safety education included in the undergraduate nursing curriculum through face-to-face instruction and will not receive any additional educational intervention during the study period. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Participant Information Form
Participants' demographic characteristics, educational background, and access to technological resources required for participation in online learning platforms.
Measured: at baseline
Satisfaction with E-Learning Scale (Turkish version: E-Derslere Yönelik Memnuniyet Ölçeği)
The scale developed by Kolburan Geçer and Deveci Topal aims to determine university students' satisfaction levels with the online courses they attend. The Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of the scale was calculated as 0.97. The scale consists of 35 items and 5 subdimensions. The response options are designed as a five-point Likert-type scale scored between 1 and 5.
Measured: Immediately after completion of the intervention
Falls Management Knowledge Test
This test will be developed by the researcher based on a literature review to assess participants' knowledge levels on falls management and to evaluate the effectiveness of the education on the patient safety knowledge subdimension
Measured: At baseline and immediately after completion of the education program and at least 3 weeks after the training
Scales for Assessing Self-Efficacy
The Cronbach's Alpha value of the scale developed by Dykes and colleagues and validated in Turkish by Ekin and Uğur was found to be 0.97, and it has no subscales. The scale consists of 11 items prepared on a 6-point Likert scale. In the evaluation of the scale, the item mean of the scores obtained from all items is used, and as the scores increase, the level of self-efficacy also increases.
Measured: At baseline and immediately after completion of the education program and at least 3 weeks after the training
Attitudes of Nurses Toward Falls Prevention Scale (Turkish version: Hemşirelerin Düşmelerin Önlenmesine Yönelik Tutumları Ölçeği)
The Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient of the scale developed by Özbudak and Koç in 2023 was found to be 0.84. The scale consists of 19 items and 5 sub-dimensions. The scale's response options are designed as a five-point Likert scale scored on a 1-5 point range. The scale is evaluated based on the mean score.
Measured: At baseline and immediately after completion of the education program and at least 3 weeks after the training.
Care Plan Evaluation Form
A structured seven-item assessment form developed by the researchers will be used to determine the extent to which students reflect their knowledge and awareness of fall management in their care plans.
Measured: At baseline and at least 3 weeks after the training
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted24 Feb 2026
- Study start27 Feb 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion7 Jun 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion7 Jun 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (9)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for EducationStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Participants will be randomly assigned to two parallel groups (experimental and control) using block randomization. All participants will receive standard patient safety education included in the undergraduate nursing curriculum through face-to-face instruction. After this stage, only the experimental group will receive WSQ-based online fall prevention education. The WSQ education will include watching educational videos via an online platform, summarizing course content using researcher-provided materials, generating questions based on the learning content, and participating in an interactive online session where student-generated questions will be discussed to reinforce learning. Additionally, a forum integrated into the distance education system will support peer interaction, question-answer exchange, and collaborative learning. The control group will receive no additional intervention during the study period.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 66 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Inonu University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Zeliha CENGİZ, Inonu University
- Investigators
- Zeliha Cengiz, Associate Professor, Study director, Inonu University Faculty of Nursing
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07428772
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2025/8306
- Other IDs
- 8306
- Status last verified
- Feb 2026
- First submitted
- 17 Feb 2026
- Last updated
- 24 Feb 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: This research is a doctoral thesis study. The research is expected to be completed
Publications
Maddineshat M, Hashemi M, Besharati R, Gholami S, Ghavidel F. The effectiveness of clinical teaching of mental health courses in nursing using clinical supervision and Kirkpatrick's model. Electron Physician. 2018 Jan 25;10(1):6265-6272. doi: 10.19082/6265. eCollection 2018 Jan.
PubMed 29588829Elias S, Taylor K, Jenkins E, Robinson K, Tesfai Y, Han HR. Strategies to improve student engagement in online nursing education: A systematic review. Nurse Educ Today. 2025 Sep;152:106762. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2025.106762. Epub 2025 Apr 29.
PubMed 40334548Chang CY, Chung MH, Yang JC. Facilitating nursing students' skill training in distance education via online game-based learning with the watch-summarize-question approach during the COVID-19 pandemic: A quasi-experimental study. Nurse Educ Today. 2022 Feb;109:105256. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2021.105256. Epub 2021 Dec 24.
PubMed 34968932De Gagne JC, Randall PS, Koppel PD, Cho E, Blackwood ER, Kang HS. Online learning in nursing education: A 21st century bibliometric analysis. Nurse Educ Today. 2025 Aug;151:106740. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2025.106740. Epub 2025 Apr 8.
PubMed 40222324Taskiran G, Eskin Bacaksiz F, Harmanci Seren AK. Psychometric testing of the Turkish version of the Health Professional Education in Patient Safety Survey: H-PEPSSTR. Nurse Educ Pract. 2020 Jan;42:102640. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2019.102640. Epub 2019 Nov 1.
PubMed 31756625Kim YM, Yoon YS, Hong HC, Min A. Effects of a patient safety course using a flipped classroom approach among undergraduate nursing students: A quasi-experimental study. Nurse Educ Today. 2019 Aug;79:180-187. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2019.05.033. Epub 2019 May 23.
PubMed 31153088Eskici GT, Kanig M, Ugur E, Seren AKH. The Turkish version of the Patient Safety Competency Self-Evaluation Tool: A validity and reliability study. Nurse Educ Pract. 2021 Nov;57:103229. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2021.103229. Epub 2021 Oct 13.
PubMed 34673387Fisher M, Kiernan M. Student nurses' lived experience of patient safety and raising concerns. Nurse Educ Today. 2019 Jun;77:1-5. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2019.02.015. Epub 2019 Feb 27.
PubMed 30877869Levett-Jones T, Andersen P, Bogossian F, Cooper S, Guinea S, Hopmans R, McKenna L, Pich J, Reid-Searl K, Seaton P. A cross-sectional survey of nursing students' patient safety knowledge. Nurse Educ Today. 2020 May;88:104372. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104372. Epub 2020 Feb 19.
PubMed 32143174