Nonspecific Neck PainNCT07439354
Positional Relaxation Technique and Static Stretching in Nonspecific Neck Pain
A study testing Positional Relaxation Technique and Breathing Exercises and Static Stretching and Breathing Exercises in people with Nonspecific Neck Pain, run by Istinye University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Neck pain is one of the most common and painful musculoskeletal disorders. Between 20% and 70% of adults experience neck pain during their lifetime. The lifetime prevalence ranges from 14.2% to 71%. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 30 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Nonspecific Neck Pain
- What is being tested?
- Positional Relaxation Technique and Breathing Exercises and Static Stretching and Breathing Exercises
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 30 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Dec 2025to 1 May 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 30 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Diagnosis of nonspecific neck pain.
- Being between 18 and 30 years of age.
- Pain intensity of at least 3/10 on the Visual Analog Scale at baseline.
- Limited cervical movement in any direction.
- Ability to follow verbal instructions and perform basic exercises independently.
- Not having participated in another neck pain treatment program in the last 4 weeks.
- Voluntarily agreeing to participate and signing the informed consent form.
Who cannot join
- History of neck trauma, surgery, or fracture.
- Diagnosis of any neurological disease (e.g., multiple sclerosis, stroke).
- Concomitant structural causes of neck pain (e.g., herniated disc, cervical radiculopathy).
- Use of muscle relaxants or painkillers within 48 hours before the evaluation.
- Presence of a known psychiatric disorder that would prevent participation.
- Presence of a vestibular or balance disorder affecting head or neck movement.
- Inability to perform required exercises due to severe pain or other physical limitations.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Comparison of the Immediate Effects of Positional Relaxation Technique and Static Stretching in Young Individuals With Nonspecific Neck Pain
Neck pain is one of the most common and painful musculoskeletal disorders. Between 20% and 70% of adults experience neck pain during their lifetime. The lifetime prevalence ranges from 14.2% to 71%. In the vast majority of neck pain cases, no obvious pathology or anatomical abnormality can be identified, and this condition is defined as "nonspecific neck pain".
Although nonspecific neck pain generally has a benign course, it can progress to chronic pain in approximately one-third of individuals. Furthermore, 20-50% of patients still experience limitations in activities of daily living after one year and develop persistent symptoms. It has been suggested that nociplastic pain mechanisms may be involved in nonspecific neck pain, and understanding these mechanisms has become crucial for effective treatment planning.
Read more
Factors such as non-ergonomic working postures, stress, negative emotions, and carrying heavy loads play a role in the development of nonspecific neck pain. The widespread use of computers, tablets, and smartphones also increases the prevalence of nonspecific neck pain by causing strained postures. The multidimensional and complex nature of risk factors for neck pain indicates that this condition is not usually due to a single factor but rather arises as a result of multiple and persistent exposures.
Individuals with neck pain experience decreased cervical muscle strength, impaired intermuscular coordination, myofascial trigger points, decreased cervical range of motion, and increased tone, particularly in the upper trapezius, levator scapulae, and sternocleidomastoideus muscles. These physiological changes can negatively impact participation in school, work, and social life, leading to a decrease in quality of life.
Various physiotherapy approaches are used in the management of non-specific neck pain. One of these, the Positional Relaxation Technique, is based on the principle of strain-counterstrain and involves placing dysfunctional tissues in painless, comfortable positions to reduce muscle spasm or tension. This position, held for approximately 90 seconds, facilitates neuromuscular realignment by decreasing muscle spindle sensitivity and gamma motor neuron activity. This technique reduces muscle tension and fascial dysfunction, increases circulation, alleviates edema and pain, and supports muscle strength.
Static stretching exercises, on the other hand, involve holding the muscle in a lengthened position for a specific period of time and are a frequently preferred method in musculoskeletal rehabilitation. Static stretching has been shown to have positive effects such as increasing flexibility and reducing pain. This technique has been evaluated in the literature, both alone and in combination with other exercises.
Breathing exercises, particularly diaphragmatic breathing, activate the parasympathetic nervous system, promote relaxation, reduce muscle tone, and enhance the therapeutic effect by regulating the physiological stress response. These exercises have been reported to improve neuroimmune responses, reduce sympathetic tone, reduce oxidative stress, and modulate pain. Furthermore, respiratory training provides short-term pain reduction, increased cervical range of motion, and improved neck muscle activation.
However, studies comparing the immediate effects of positional relaxation and static stretching exercises, particularly when applied in combination with breathing exercises under the same protocol, in young individuals with nonspecific neck pain are quite limited. Most existing studies have examined these techniques separately or focused on long-term outcomes.
The purpose of this study was to compare the immediate effects of positional relaxation and static stretching exercises on muscle viscoelastic properties, pain intensity, and cervical range of motion in young individuals with nonspecific neck pain.
- Conditions
- Nonspecific Neck Pain
- Being tested
- Positional Relaxation Technique and Breathing Exercises, Static Stretching and Breathing Exercises
- Keywords
- Positional Relaxation Technique, Static Stretching, Nonspecific Neck Pain, Myoton, Pain Threshold, Neck disability index
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Positional Relaxation Technique and Breathing ExercisesOther
Based on Strain-Counterstrain principles, the Positional Relaxation Technique will be applied to cervical muscles commonly affected by non-specific neck pain, such as the upper trapezius, levator scapulae, and sternocleidomastoid. The participant will be placed in a supine position, where the targeted muscle will be shortened and placed in a pain-free position. After determining the ideal position for each muscle that minimizes pain, this position will be maintained for 30 seconds and three repetitions will be performed. During this time, the participant will engage in slow diaphragmatic breathing during these repetitions. The same procedure will be repeated for the other muscles. A 15-second rest will be given between each new muscle. No active movement will be expected from the participant during the exercise. The entire exercise is expected to last approximately 5 minutes.
Static Stretching and Breathing ExercisesOther
In this group, a passive static stretching protocol will be applied to the same cervical muscles (upper trapezius and sternocleidomastoid and levator scapulae) on the painful side. The stretching position will be held for 30 seconds for each muscle, repeated three times. A 15-second rest will be given between each new muscle. The participant will be guided to diaphragmatic breathing during the stretching. The exercises will be performed under the supervision of a physiotherapist to ensure participant comfort and proper technique. The entire session is planned to last approximately 5 minutes.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Positional Relaxation Technique and Breathing Exercises | Experimental | Based on Strain-Counterstrain principles, the Positional Relaxation Technique will be applied to cervical muscles commonly affected by non-specific neck pain, such as the upper trapezius, levator scapulae, and sternocleidomastoid. The participant will be placed in a supine position, where the targeted muscle will be shortened and placed in a pain-free position. After determining the ideal position for each muscle that minimizes pain, this position will be maintained for 30 seconds and three repetitions will be performed. During this time, the participant will engage in slow diaphragmatic breathing during these repetitions. The same procedure will be repeated for the other muscles. A 15-second rest will be given between each new muscle. No active movement will be expected from the participant during the exercise. The entire exercise is expected to last approximately 5 minutes Receives: Other: Positional Relaxation Technique and Breathing Exercises |
| Static Stretching and Breathing Exercises | Experimental | In this group, a passive static stretching protocol will be applied to the same cervical muscles (upper trapezius and sternocleidomastoid and levator scapulae) on the painful side. The stretching position will be held for 30 seconds for each muscle, repeated three times. A 15-second rest will be given between each new muscle. The participant will be guided to diaphragmatic breathing during the stretching. The exercises will be performed under the supervision of a physiotherapist to ensure participant comfort and proper technique. The entire session is planned to last approximately 5 minutes. Receives: Other: Static Stretching and Breathing Exercises |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Muscle Tone
The Myoton Digital Palpation Device will be used to measure muscle tone, This device has proven reliable in measuring neck muscle tone. The device applies a mechanical impulse via a probe placed at a right angle to the muscle. The muscle tissue response parameters are automatically recorded by the device and used to calculate the muscle's biomechanical properties.For each participant, measurements will be made on the upper trapezius, levator scapulae, and sternocleidomastoid muscles on the side where the pain is most intense. The probe will first apply a preload of 0.18 N, followed by a brief mechanical impulse of 0.40 N, resulting in a total force of 0.58 N. Each muscle will be measured three times, and the average value will be recorded. Standard positioning and skin contact will be ensured during the measurement.
Measured: 4 weeks
Muscle Stiffness
The Myoton Digital Palpation Device will be used to measure muscle stiffness. This device has proven reliable in measuring neck muscle tone. The device applies a mechanical impulse via a probe placed at a right angle to the muscle. The muscle tissue response parameters are automatically recorded by the device and used to calculate the muscle's biomechanical properties. For each participant, measurements will be made on the upper trapezius, levator scapulae, and sternocleidomastoid muscles on the side where the pain is most intense. The probe will first apply a preload of 0.18 N, followed by a brief mechanical impulse of 0.40 N, resulting in a total force of 0.58 N. Each muscle will be measured three times, and the average value will be recorded. Standard positioning and skin contact will be ensured during the measurement.
Measured: 4 weeks
Muscle Elasticity
The Myoton Digital Palpation Device will be used to measure muscle elasticity. This device has proven reliable in measuring neck muscle tone. The device applies a mechanical impulse via a probe placed at a right angle to the muscle. The muscle tissue response parameters are automatically recorded by the device and used to calculate the muscle's biomechanical properties. For each participant, measurements will be made on the upper trapezius, levator scapulae, and sternocleidomastoid muscles on the side where the pain is most intense. The probe will first apply a preload of 0.18 N, followed by a brief mechanical impulse of 0.40 N, resulting in a total force of 0.58 N. Each muscle will be measured three times, and the average value will be recorded. Standard positioning and skin contact will be ensured during the measurement.
Measured: 4 weeks
Secondary outcomes (1)
Pressure Pain Threshold
A digital pressure algometer will be used to assess the pressure pain threshold on the upper trapezius, levator scapulae, and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle. The probe will be pressed with increasing force at a right angle until the participant indicates the onset of pain. The average of three trials will be recorded.
Measured: 4 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted27 Feb 2026
- Study start1 Dec 2025
- Primary completion1 Apr 2026
- Study completion1 May 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Nonspecific Neck PainStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Istinye UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Istinye University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Sara Albraim, Istinye University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07439354
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 175
- Status last verified
- May 2026
- First submitted
- 28 Nov 2025
- Last updated
- 8 May 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 8 May 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparison of the Immediate Effects of Positional Relaxation Technique and Static Stretching in Young Individuals With Nonspecific Neck Pain
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07439354
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 175
- Conditions
- Nonspecific Neck Pain
- Keywords
- Positional Relaxation Technique, Static Stretching, Nonspecific Neck Pain, Myoton, Pain Threshold, Neck disability index
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Istinye UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Apr 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 May 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 27 Feb 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Neck pain is one of the most common and painful musculoskeletal disorders. Between 20% and 70% of adults experience neck pain during their lifetime. The lifetime prevalence ranges from 14.2% to 71%. In the vast majority of neck pain cases, no obvious pathology or anatomical abnormality can be identified, and this condition is defined as "nonspecific neck pain".
Although nonspecific neck pain generally has a benign course, it can progress to chronic pain in approximately one-third of individuals. Furthermore, 20-50% of patients still experience limitations in activities of daily living after one year and develop persistent symptoms. It has been suggested that nociplastic pain mechanisms may be involved in nonspecific neck pain, and understanding these mechanisms has become crucial for effective treatment planning.
Factors such as non-ergonomic working postures, stress, negative emotions, and carrying heavy loads play a role in the development of nonspecific neck pain. The widespread use of computers, tablets, and smartphones also increases the prevalence of nonspecific neck pain by causing strained postures. The multidimensional and complex nature of risk factors for neck pain indicates that this condition is not usually due to a single factor but rather arises as a result of multiple and persistent exposures.
Individuals with neck pain experience decreased cervical muscle strength, impaired intermuscular coordination, myofascial trigger points, decreased cervical range of motion, and increased tone, particularly in the upper trapezius, levator scapulae, and sternocleidomastoideus muscles. These physiological changes can negatively impact participation in school, work, and social life, leading to a decrease in quality of life.
Various physiotherapy approaches are used in the management of non-specific neck pain. One of these, the Positional Relaxation Technique, is based on the principle of strain-counterstrain and involves placing dysfunctional tissues in painless, comfortable positions to reduce muscle spasm or tension. This position, held for approximately 90 seconds, facilitates neuromuscular realignment by decreasing muscle spindle sensitivity and gamma motor neuron activity. This technique reduces muscle tension and fascial dysfunction, increases circulation, alleviates edema and pain, and supports muscle strength.
Static stretching exercises, on the other hand, involve holding the muscle in a lengthened position for a specific period of time and are a frequently preferred method in musculoskeletal rehabilitation. Static stretching has been shown to have positive effects such as increasing flexibility and reducing pain. This technique has been evaluated in the literature, both alone and in combination with other exercises.
Breathing exercises, particularly diaphragmatic breathing, activate the parasympathetic nervous system, promote relaxation, reduce muscle tone, and enhance the therapeutic effect by regulating the physiological stress response. These exercises have been reported to improve neuroimmune responses, reduce sympathetic tone, reduce oxidative stress, and modulate pain. Furthermore, respiratory training provides short-term pain reduction, increased cervical range of motion, and improved neck muscle activation.
However, studies comparing the immediate effects of positional relaxation and static stretching exercises, particularly when applied in combination with breathing exercises under the same protocol, in young individuals with nonspecific neck pain are quite limited. Most existing studies have examined these techniques separately or focused on long-term outcomes.
The purpose of this study was to compare the immediate effects of positional relaxation and static stretching exercises on muscle viscoelastic properties, pain intensity, and cervical range of motion in young individuals with nonspecific neck pain.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Positional Relaxation Technique and Breathing Exercises | Experimental | Other: Positional Relaxation Technique and Breathing ExercisesBased on Strain-Counterstrain principles, the Positional Relaxation Technique will be applied to cervical muscles commonly affected by non-specific neck pain, such as the upper trapezius, levator scapulae, and sternocleidomastoid. The participant will be placed in a supine position, where the targeted muscle will be shortened and placed in a pain-free position. After determining the ideal position for each muscle that minimizes pain, this position will be maintained for 30 seconds and three repetitions will be performed. During this time, the participant will engage in slow diaphragmatic breathing during these repetitions. The same procedure will be repeated for the other muscles. A 15-second rest will be given between each new muscle. No active movement will be expected from the participant during the exercise. The entire exercise is expected to last approximately 5 minutes |
| Static Stretching and Breathing Exercises | Experimental | Other: Static Stretching and Breathing ExercisesIn this group, a passive static stretching protocol will be applied to the same cervical muscles (upper trapezius and sternocleidomastoid and levator scapulae) on the painful side. The stretching position will be held for 30 seconds for each muscle, repeated three times. A 15-second rest will be given between each new muscle. The participant will be guided to diaphragmatic breathing during the stretching. The exercises will be performed under the supervision of a physiotherapist to ensure participant comfort and proper technique. The entire session is planned to last approximately 5 minutes. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 30 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Diagnosis of nonspecific neck pain.
- Being between 18 and 30 years of age.
- Pain intensity of at least 3/10 on the Visual Analog Scale at baseline.
- Limited cervical movement in any direction.
- Ability to follow verbal instructions and perform basic exercises independently.
Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)
- History of neck trauma, surgery, or fracture.
- Diagnosis of any neurological disease (e.g., multiple sclerosis, stroke).
- Concomitant structural causes of neck pain (e.g., herniated disc, cervical radiculopathy).
- Use of muscle relaxants or painkillers within 48 hours before the evaluation.
- Presence of a known psychiatric disorder that would prevent participation.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Positional Relaxation Technique and Breathing ExercisesBased on Strain-Counterstrain principles, the Positional Relaxation Technique will be applied to cervical muscles commonly affected by non-specific neck pain, such as the upper trapezius, levator scapulae, and sternocleidomastoid. The participant will be placed in a supine position, where the targeted muscle will be shortened and placed in a pain-free position. After determining the ideal position for each muscle that minimizes pain, this position will be maintained for 30 seconds and three repetitions will be performed. During this time, the participant will engage in slow diaphragmatic breathing during these repetitions. The same procedure will be repeated for the other muscles. A 15-second rest will be given between each new muscle. No active movement will be expected from the participant during the exercise. The entire exercise is expected to last approximately 5 minutes. | Other | Positional Relaxation Technique and Breathing Exercises |
| Static Stretching and Breathing ExercisesIn this group, a passive static stretching protocol will be applied to the same cervical muscles (upper trapezius and sternocleidomastoid and levator scapulae) on the painful side. The stretching position will be held for 30 seconds for each muscle, repeated three times. A 15-second rest will be given between each new muscle. The participant will be guided to diaphragmatic breathing during the stretching. The exercises will be performed under the supervision of a physiotherapist to ensure participant comfort and proper technique. The entire session is planned to last approximately 5 minutes. | Other | Static Stretching and Breathing Exercises |
Primary outcome
Muscle Tone
Time frame: 4 weeks
The Myoton Digital Palpation Device will be used to measure muscle tone, This device has proven reliable in measuring neck muscle tone. The device applies a mechanical impulse via a probe placed at a right angle to the muscle. The muscle tissue response parameters are automatically recorded by the device and used to calculate the muscle's biomechanical properties.For each participant, measurements will be made on the upper trapezius, levator scapulae, and sternocleidomastoid muscles on the side where the pain is most intense. The probe will first apply a preload of 0.18 N, followed by a brief mechanical impulse of 0.40 N, resulting in a total force of 0.58 N. Each muscle will be measured three times, and the average value will be recorded. Standard positioning and skin contact will be ensured during the measurement.
Muscle Stiffness
Time frame: 4 weeks
The Myoton Digital Palpation Device will be used to measure muscle stiffness. This device has proven reliable in measuring neck muscle tone. The device applies a mechanical impulse via a probe placed at a right angle to the muscle. The muscle tissue response parameters are automatically recorded by the device and used to calculate the muscle's biomechanical properties. For each participant, measurements will be made on the upper trapezius, levator scapulae, and sternocleidomastoid muscles on the side where the pain is most intense. The probe will first apply a preload of 0.18 N, followed by a brief mechanical impulse of 0.40 N, resulting in a total force of 0.58 N. Each muscle will be measured three times, and the average value will be recorded. Standard positioning and skin contact will be ensured during the measurement.
Muscle Elasticity
Time frame: 4 weeks
The Myoton Digital Palpation Device will be used to measure muscle elasticity. This device has proven reliable in measuring neck muscle tone. The device applies a mechanical impulse via a probe placed at a right angle to the muscle. The muscle tissue response parameters are automatically recorded by the device and used to calculate the muscle's biomechanical properties. For each participant, measurements will be made on the upper trapezius, levator scapulae, and sternocleidomastoid muscles on the side where the pain is most intense. The probe will first apply a preload of 0.18 N, followed by a brief mechanical impulse of 0.40 N, resulting in a total force of 0.58 N. Each muscle will be measured three times, and the average value will be recorded. Standard positioning and skin contact will be ensured during the measurement.
1 secondary outcome
Pressure Pain Threshold
Time frame: 4 weeks
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 8 May 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Positional Relaxation Technique and Breathing Exercises and Static Stretching and Breathing Exercises in people with Nonspecific Neck Pain, run by Istinye University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 7 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 8 May 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Muscle Tone (time frame: 4 weeks). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 8 May 2026.