Knee OsteoarthritisNCT07484529
Comparison of Aquatic and Land-Based Mulligan Mobilization With Movement in Knee Osteoarthritis
A study testing Aquatic Mobilization with Movement and Land Mobilization with Movement in people with Knee Osteoarthritis, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
This study aims to compare the effects of aquatic and land-based Mulligan mobilization with movement in individuals with knee osteoarthritis, with particular focus on their impact on pain and functional outcomes. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 40 to 65 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Knee Osteoarthritis
- What is being tested?
- Aquatic Mobilization with Movement and Land Mobilization with Movement
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 66 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 11 May 2026to Oct 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 40 to 65 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Age 40-65 years
- Bilateral knee osteoarthritis diagnosed according to the American College of Rheumatology Clinical Classification system for at least 1 year
- Kellgren \& Lawrence grade 2 and 3
- Able to walk independently/unaided
Who cannot join
- Active participation in gyms, pool(swimming), or any other physical activity
- Intra-articular corticosteroid injections in the last 3 months or hyaluronic knee injection in the last 6 months.
- History of lower limb trauma/surgery, presence of fracture or lower limb deformity, or planned surgery within the study period
- Any diagnosed severe cardiovascular, pulmonary, neurological, or psychological disease/impairment.
- Individuals with aquaphobia (fear of water), discomfort performing aquatic exercises, or allergy/sensitivity to chlorine or other pool treatment chemicals.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Pakistan1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Bahria Active
Rawalpindi
Suman Sheraz, PhD, 03335646361, suman.sheraz@riphah.edu.pk
Imran Amjad, PhD, 03324390125, imran.amjad@riphah.edu.pk
About this study
Official title: Comparison of Aquatic and Land-Based Mulligan Mobilization With Movement on Pain, and Function in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis
This study aims to compare the effects of aquatic and land-based Mulligan mobilization with movement in individuals with knee osteoarthritis, with particular focus on their impact on pain and functional outcomes.
Read the detailed description
This study aims to compare the effects of aquatic and land-based Mulligan mobilization with movement in individuals with knee osteoarthritis. Specifically, it will examine and compare the impact of both intervention approaches on pain intensity and functional ability. By evaluating these outcomes, the study seeks to determine whether the aquatic environment offers additional therapeutic benefits over land-based treatment, thereby contributing to improved functional performance and overall quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
- Conditions
- Knee Osteoarthritis
- Being tested
- Aquatic Mobilization with Movement, Land Mobilization with Movement
- Keywords
- Knee Osteoarthritis, Mobilization with Movement, Aquatic Exercises
- Medical subject headings
- Osteoarthritis, Knee
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Aquatic Mobilization with MovementOther
This intervention group will receive treatment for four weeks inside the pool, in addition to the conventional knee osteoarthritis rehabilitation protocol.
Land Mobilization with MovementOther
This intervention group will receive treatment for four weeks on land, in addition to the conventional knee osteoarthritis rehabilitation protocol.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Aquatic Mobilization with Movement | Experimental | Mulligan Mobilization with Movement will be administered in the aquatic environment using a belt, following identification of the most pain-free glide in addition to stretches and strengthening of lower limb. The technique will be performed for 10 repetitions over 3 sets and will be progressively advanced from non-weight-bearing mobilization to mobilization with overpressure, and subsequently to weight-bearing mobilization as tolerated by the patient. Receives: Other: Aquatic Mobilization with Movement |
| Land Mobilization with Movement | Other | Mulligan Mobilization with Movement will be administered on land using a belt, following identification of the most pain-free glide, in addition to stretches and strengthening of the lower limb. The technique will be performed for 10 repetitions over 3 sets and will be progressively advanced from non-weight-bearing mobilization to mobilization with overpressure, and subsequently to weight-bearing mobilization as tolerated by the patient. Receives: Other: Land Mobilization with Movement |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) is a straightforward and reliable method for evaluating pain on a continuous visual range.The extreme limits of pain are represented by the straight line's ends, where 0 indicates no pain, and 10 indicates the worst pain a person has ever felt.
Measured: 4 weeks
Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC)
It is used to assess activities of daily living, functional mobility, gait, general health, and quality of life. It has 24 items divided into 3 subscales: pain (5 items), stiffness (2 items), and physical function (17 items). The scores range from 0 to 4 for each subscale. The score ranges from 0 to 96, where zero indicates no pain, stiffness, and functional limitation. Higher scores indicate worse pain, stiffness, and functional limitation.
Measured: 4 weeks
Secondary outcomes (3)
Range of Motion of Knee
A Goniometer is used to measure active and passive range of motion for knee flexion and extension while the patient is lying on their back.
Measured: 4 weeks
Time Up and Go (TUG)
The Timed Up and Go test is a widely used measure of functional mobility in patients. Two trials are performed, with the fastest time recorded to the nearest 0.1 second. A shorter time indicates better functional performance.
Measured: 4 weeks
Intrinsic Motivational Inventory (IMI)
It is a multidimensional scale used to measure intrinsic motivation for personalized fitness program. The subscales of Interest/Enjoyment (IENJ), Perceived Competence (COMP), Effort/Importance (EIMP), and Tension/Pressure (TENP) will be used for the study. Each item will be rated on a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 7. Higher scores of interest/enjoyment, perceived competence, effort/importance indicate better outcomes, while worse outcomes are indicated by increased scores or tension/pressure.
Measured: 4 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted20 Mar 2026
- Study start11 May 2026
- Primary completionSep 2026 (estimated)
- Study completionOct 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Knee OsteoarthritisStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Riphah International UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 66 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Suman Sheraz, PhD, Principal investigator, Riphah International University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07484529
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Fatima Shabbir
- Status last verified
- Jul 2026
- First submitted
- 16 Mar 2026
- Last updated
- 20 Jul 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 20 Jul 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparison of Aquatic and Land-Based Mulligan Mobilization With Movement on Pain, and Function in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07484529
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Fatima Shabbir
- Conditions
- Knee Osteoarthritis
- Keywords
- Knee Osteoarthritis, Mobilization with Movement, Aquatic Exercises
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 66 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 11 May 2026 (actual)
- Primary completion
- Sep 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Oct 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 20 Mar 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study aims to compare the effects of aquatic and land-based Mulligan mobilization with movement in individuals with knee osteoarthritis, with particular focus on their impact on pain and functional outcomes.
Detailed description
This study aims to compare the effects of aquatic and land-based Mulligan mobilization with movement in individuals with knee osteoarthritis. Specifically, it will examine and compare the impact of both intervention approaches on pain intensity and functional ability. By evaluating these outcomes, the study seeks to determine whether the aquatic environment offers additional therapeutic benefits over land-based treatment, thereby contributing to improved functional performance and overall quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Aquatic Mobilization with Movement | Experimental | Other: Aquatic Mobilization with MovementMulligan Mobilization with Movement will be administered in the aquatic environment using a belt, following identification of the most pain-free glide in addition to stretches and strengthening of lower limb. The technique will be performed for 10 repetitions over 3 sets and will be progressively advanced from non-weight-bearing mobilization to mobilization with overpressure, and subsequently to weight-bearing mobilization as tolerated by the patient. |
| Land Mobilization with Movement | Other | Other: Land Mobilization with MovementMulligan Mobilization with Movement will be administered on land using a belt, following identification of the most pain-free glide, in addition to stretches and strengthening of the lower limb. The technique will be performed for 10 repetitions over 3 sets and will be progressively advanced from non-weight-bearing mobilization to mobilization with overpressure, and subsequently to weight-bearing mobilization as tolerated by the patient. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 40 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Age 40-65 years
- Bilateral knee osteoarthritis diagnosed according to the American College of Rheumatology Clinical Classification system for at least 1 year
- Kellgren \& Lawrence grade 2 and 3
- Able to walk independently/unaided
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Active participation in gyms, pool(swimming), or any other physical activity
- Intra-articular corticosteroid injections in the last 3 months or hyaluronic knee injection in the last 6 months.
- History of lower limb trauma/surgery, presence of fracture or lower limb deformity, or planned surgery within the study period
- Any diagnosed severe cardiovascular, pulmonary, neurological, or psychological disease/impairment.
- Individuals with aquaphobia (fear of water), discomfort performing aquatic exercises, or allergy/sensitivity to chlorine or other pool treatment chemicals.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Aquatic Mobilization with MovementThis intervention group will receive treatment for four weeks inside the pool, in addition to the conventional knee osteoarthritis rehabilitation protocol. | Other | Aquatic Mobilization with Movement |
| Land Mobilization with MovementThis intervention group will receive treatment for four weeks on land, in addition to the conventional knee osteoarthritis rehabilitation protocol. | Other | Land Mobilization with Movement |
Primary outcome
Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
Time frame: 4 weeks
The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) is a straightforward and reliable method for evaluating pain on a continuous visual range.The extreme limits of pain are represented by the straight line's ends, where 0 indicates no pain, and 10 indicates the worst pain a person has ever felt.
Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC)
Time frame: 4 weeks
It is used to assess activities of daily living, functional mobility, gait, general health, and quality of life. It has 24 items divided into 3 subscales: pain (5 items), stiffness (2 items), and physical function (17 items). The scores range from 0 to 4 for each subscale. The score ranges from 0 to 96, where zero indicates no pain, stiffness, and functional limitation. Higher scores indicate worse pain, stiffness, and functional limitation.
3 secondary outcomes
Range of Motion of Knee
Time frame: 4 weeks
Time Up and Go (TUG)
Time frame: 4 weeks
Intrinsic Motivational Inventory (IMI)
Time frame: 4 weeks
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 20 Jul 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Suman Sheraz, PhD principal investigator
Riphah International University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Aquatic Mobilization with Movement and Land Mobilization with Movement in people with Knee Osteoarthritis, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 20 Jul 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Suman Sheraz, PhD (03335646361 ext. 03335646361, suman.sheraz@riphah.edu.pk), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Visual Analog Scale (VAS) (time frame: 4 weeks). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 20 Jul 2026.