Performance EnhancementNCT07510893
Augmented Feedback Effects on Shoulder Rotator Performance
A study testing Augmented Feedback in people with Performance Enhancement and Athlete, run by Elif Turgut at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
The existing literature demonstrates that motor learning strategies are effective in enhancing sports performance. One of these strategies, augmented feedback, is widely used in athletic training to help athletes achieve their goals more effectively, support the learning process, and motivate improvements in… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 30 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Performance Enhancement, Athlete, Shoulder
- What is being tested?
- Augmented Feedback
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 20 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Mar 2026to 1 Nov 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 30 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Healthy individuals aged between 18 and 30 years,
- Body Mass Index (BMI) below 30 kg/m²,
- An activity level of 5 or higher according to the Tegner Activity Scale,
- Full active range of motion (ROM) in shoulder flexion, abduction, internal, and external rotation.
Who cannot join
- Resence of current pain complaints,
- Provocation of symptoms during at least one of the specific shoulder clinical tests (Neer Test, Hawkins-Kennedy Test, Jobe Test, Resisted External Rotation Test, and Apprehension Test),
- History of any upper extremity injury, pain, or surgical intervention within the past 12 months,
- Presence or history of hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, peripheral vascular diseases, deep vein thrombosis, neurological disorders, systemic inflammation, diabetes, cancer, or obesity,
- Unwillingness to participate in the study.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Hacettepe University, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation,
Ankara, Sıhhıye, 06100
Elif Turgut, PhD, PT, +905442645600, elif.turgut.pt@gmail.com
About this study
Official title: Immediate and Retention Effects of Augmented Feedback on Isometric Peak Force and Rate of Force Development of Shoulder Rotators
The existing literature demonstrates that motor learning strategies are effective in enhancing sports performance. One of these strategies, augmented feedback, is widely used in athletic training to help athletes achieve their goals more effectively, support the learning process, and motivate improvements in performance. Although studies in the literature have demonstrated the positive effects of augmented feedback provided during training on performance, no study has been found that examines the acute effects of such feedback on peak force and rate of force development during isometric training of the shoulder internal and external rotator muscles. The aim of this study is to investigate the acute effects of outcome feedback on isometric peak force and rate of force development during isometric training of the shoulder internal and external rotator muscles, as well as the short-term retention of these effects. It is expected that augmented feedback on isometric peak force and rate of force development, provided during isometric training of the shoulder internal and external rotator muscles, will have both acute and short-term retention effects on strength parameters. Healthy and physically active individuals will participate in isometric strength training targeting the dominant side shoulder internal and external rotator muscles across two separate sessions. Within a randomized crossover design, all participants will perform the isometric training program under two different conditions: with augmented feedback and without augmented feedback. The order of the conditions will be determined using a computer-based randomization program.To minimize potential learning effects, a washout period of 5-7 days will be provided between the two training conditions. Testing and training protocols will be conducted using an isometric dynamometer (ForceFrame, VALD Performance, Australia). The reported intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of the ForceFrame dynamometer for shoulder strength measurements range between 0.85 and 0.91, indicating good to excellent test-retest reliability. All testing and training procedures will be performed in accordance with the standard testing positions recommended by the manufacturer.
Read the detailed description
All participants will complete a standardized warm-up protocol of approximately 10 minutes prior to the testing sessions. The warm-up will begin with arm circles to promote active mobilization of the shoulder joint. This will be followed by one set of 10 repetitions of shoulder internal and external rotation exercises performed at 90° of shoulder abduction and 90° of elbow flexion using a resistance band providing submaximal resistance. Following the warm-up, a familiarization session will be conducted to increase participants' familiarity with the ForceFrame device used in the testing and training sessions. During this session, participants will perform five repetitions of isometric contractions, each lasting 5 seconds, at a self-selected submaximal effort level. The familiarization session is intended to ensure participants' adaptation to the testing procedure, learning of the correct movement sequence, and execution of the exercise with proper technique. Following completion of the warm-up protocol, isometric muscle strength and rate of force development of the dominant shoulder internal and external rotator muscles will be assessed. All measurements will be performed using an isometric dynamometer (ForceFrame). During testing, participants will be positioned in a supine position with the knees flexed and feet flat on the ground, while the non-tested arm will be placed across the chest.
The tested shoulder will be positioned at 90° of abduction and the elbow at 90° of flexion, with the hand placed at a comfortable height appropriate for pushing against the sensors. The testing protocol will consist of three repetitions of maximal isometric contractions, each lasting 5 seconds, with 20 seconds of rest between repetitions. Maximum force and rate of force development values will be recorded during each trial. Throughout testing, participants will be instructed to maintain the standardized position and keep their arms stable. Prior to each test, standardized verbal instructions will be provided, instructing participants to perform the contractions "by producing maximal force as quickly as possible." The test protocol will be administered at three time points: before the isometric training (pre-test), immediately after the training protocol (post-test), and 15 minutes after training to assess immediate retention (immediate retention test).
Following the pre-test, participants will perform the isometric training protocol targeting the shoulder internal and external rotator muscles. The training protocol will also be conducted using the ForceFrame device. During training, participants will be positioned identically to the testing protocol, in a supine position with the knees flexed and feet flat on the ground, while the non-tested arm will be placed across the chest. The tested shoulder will be positioned at 90° of abduction and the elbow at 90° of flexion. The training protocol will consist of one set of three repetitions, each involving a 5-second isometric contraction, with 20 seconds of rest between repetitions. Throughout the training, participants will be instructed to maintain the standardized position and keep their arms stable. Standardized verbal instructions will be provided to all participants, instructing them to perform the isometric contractions "by producing maximal force as quickly as possible."
Knowledge of results will be provided between repetitions during the training session. Following each repetition, participants will receive immediate quantitative feedback regarding their maximum force (peak force) and rate of force development. The feedback will be delivered by the same physiotherapist to all participants, using a clear and emphatic tone, slightly louder than normal conversational volume to ensure it is distinguishable from background noise.
- Conditions
- Performance Enhancement, Athlete, Shoulder
- Being tested
- Augmented Feedback
- Keywords
- Motor learning, Rotator cuff, Muscle strength, Knowledge of result, Shoulder, Performance
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Augmented FeedbackOther
Augmented feedback is a term used to describe information about the performance of a skill provided from an external source. When this information is presented quantitatively, it is referred to as Knowledge of results (e.g., movement velocity, jump height, or peak force). Knowledge of results, which is a critical component of performance improvement, is delivered to athletes through professional coaching staff as well as advanced technological applications. Accordingly, research in this area has focused on the pivotal role of real-time data flow and feedback in optimizing performance.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Augmented Feedback | Experimental | Participants will attend two separate sessions of isometric strength training targeting the dominant shoulder internal and external rotator muscles. All participants will perform the isometric training program under two different conditions-providing augmented feedback and no feedback-within a randomized cross-over design. Augmented feedback will be provided during the training between repetitions. After each repetition, participants will receive immediate quantitative feedback regarding their peak force and rate of force development values. Receives: Other: Augmented Feedback |
| Non-Feedback | No intervention | Participants in the non-feedback condition will perform the standard isometric strength training protocol targeting the dominant shoulder internal and external rotator muscles. During this condition, participants will not receive any quantitative or augmented feedback regarding their peak force or rate of force development values. They will be instructed to perform the exercises with maximal effort based solely on standard verbal instructions, without access to any real-time performance data from the testing device. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Peak Force
Peak force refers to the maximum force generated by the shoulder internal or external rotator muscles during a single maximal isometric contraction.
Measured: Within the same intervention day: Baseline, immediately post-intervention, and 15 minutes post-intervention
Rate of Force Development
Rate of Force Development efers to the speed at which force is generated by the shoulder internal or external rotator muscles during a maximal isometric contraction.
Measured: Within the same intervention day: Baseline, immediately post-intervention, and 15 minutes post-intervention
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted6 Apr 2026
- Study start1 Mar 2026
- Primary completion1 Sep 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion1 Nov 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Performance EnhancementStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 20 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Elif Turgut
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Hacettepe University
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Elif Turgut, Hacettepe University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07510893
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- FTREK26/30
- Status last verified
- Mar 2026
- First submitted
- 26 Mar 2026
- Last updated
- 6 Apr 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Individual participant data will not be shared because the informed consent obtained from the participants and the ethics committee approval do not cover the public sharing of raw data.
Publications
Chalker WJ, Shield AJ, Opar DA, Rathbone EN, Keogh JWL. Effect of acute augmented feedback on between limb asymmetries and eccentric knee flexor strength during the Nordic hamstring exercise. PeerJ. 2018 Jun 7;6:e4972. doi: 10.7717/peerj.4972. eCollection 2018.
PubMed 29892511
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 6 Apr 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Immediate and Retention Effects of Augmented Feedback on Isometric Peak Force and Rate of Force Development of Shoulder Rotators
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07510893
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- FTREK26/30
- Conditions
- Performance Enhancement, Athlete, Shoulder
- Keywords
- Motor learning, Rotator cuff, Muscle strength, Knowledge of result, Shoulder, Performance
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 20 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Elif TurgutUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Hacettepe University
- Study start
- 1 Mar 2026 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Sep 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 1 Nov 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 6 Apr 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The existing literature demonstrates that motor learning strategies are effective in enhancing sports performance. One of these strategies, augmented feedback, is widely used in athletic training to help athletes achieve their goals more effectively, support the learning process, and motivate improvements in performance. Although studies in the literature have demonstrated the positive effects of augmented feedback provided during training on performance, no study has been found that examines the acute effects of such feedback on peak force and rate of force development during isometric training of the shoulder internal and external rotator muscles. The aim of this study is to investigate the acute effects of outcome feedback on isometric peak force and rate of force development during isometric training of the shoulder internal and external rotator muscles, as well as the short-term retention of these effects. It is expected that augmented feedback on isometric peak force and rate of force development, provided during isometric training of the shoulder internal and external rotator muscles, will have both acute and short-term retention effects on strength parameters. Healthy and physically active individuals will participate in isometric strength training targeting the dominant side shoulder internal and external rotator muscles across two separate sessions. Within a randomized crossover design, all participants will perform the isometric training program under two different conditions: with augmented feedback and without augmented feedback. The order of the conditions will be determined using a computer-based randomization program.To minimize potential learning effects, a washout period of 5-7 days will be provided between the two training conditions. Testing and training protocols will be conducted using an isometric dynamometer (ForceFrame, VALD Performance, Australia). The reported intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of the ForceFrame dynamometer for shoulder strength measurements range between 0.85 and 0.91, indicating good to excellent test-retest reliability. All testing and training procedures will be performed in accordance with the standard testing positions recommended by the manufacturer.
Detailed description
All participants will complete a standardized warm-up protocol of approximately 10 minutes prior to the testing sessions. The warm-up will begin with arm circles to promote active mobilization of the shoulder joint. This will be followed by one set of 10 repetitions of shoulder internal and external rotation exercises performed at 90° of shoulder abduction and 90° of elbow flexion using a resistance band providing submaximal resistance. Following the warm-up, a familiarization session will be conducted to increase participants' familiarity with the ForceFrame device used in the testing and training sessions. During this session, participants will perform five repetitions of isometric contractions, each lasting 5 seconds, at a self-selected submaximal effort level. The familiarization session is intended to ensure participants' adaptation to the testing procedure, learning of the correct movement sequence, and execution of the exercise with proper technique. Following completion of the warm-up protocol, isometric muscle strength and rate of force development of the dominant shoulder internal and external rotator muscles will be assessed. All measurements will be performed using an isometric dynamometer (ForceFrame). During testing, participants will be positioned in a supine position with the knees flexed and feet flat on the ground, while the non-tested arm will be placed across the chest.
The tested shoulder will be positioned at 90° of abduction and the elbow at 90° of flexion, with the hand placed at a comfortable height appropriate for pushing against the sensors. The testing protocol will consist of three repetitions of maximal isometric contractions, each lasting 5 seconds, with 20 seconds of rest between repetitions. Maximum force and rate of force development values will be recorded during each trial. Throughout testing, participants will be instructed to maintain the standardized position and keep their arms stable. Prior to each test, standardized verbal instructions will be provided, instructing participants to perform the contractions "by producing maximal force as quickly as possible." The test protocol will be administered at three time points: before the isometric training (pre-test), immediately after the training protocol (post-test), and 15 minutes after training to assess immediate retention (immediate retention test).
Following the pre-test, participants will perform the isometric training protocol targeting the shoulder internal and external rotator muscles. The training protocol will also be conducted using the ForceFrame device. During training, participants will be positioned identically to the testing protocol, in a supine position with the knees flexed and feet flat on the ground, while the non-tested arm will be placed across the chest. The tested shoulder will be positioned at 90° of abduction and the elbow at 90° of flexion. The training protocol will consist of one set of three repetitions, each involving a 5-second isometric contraction, with 20 seconds of rest between repetitions. Throughout the training, participants will be instructed to maintain the standardized position and keep their arms stable. Standardized verbal instructions will be provided to all participants, instructing them to perform the isometric contractions "by producing maximal force as quickly as possible."
Knowledge of results will be provided between repetitions during the training session. Following each repetition, participants will receive immediate quantitative feedback regarding their maximum force (peak force) and rate of force development. The feedback will be delivered by the same physiotherapist to all participants, using a clear and emphatic tone, slightly louder than normal conversational volume to ensure it is distinguishable from background noise.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Augmented Feedback | Experimental | Other: Augmented FeedbackParticipants will attend two separate sessions of isometric strength training targeting the dominant shoulder internal and external rotator muscles. All participants will perform the isometric training program under two different conditions-providing augmented feedback and no feedback-within a randomized cross-over design. Augmented feedback will be provided during the training between repetitions. After each repetition, participants will receive immediate quantitative feedback regarding their peak force and rate of force development values. |
| Non-Feedback | No intervention | –Participants in the non-feedback condition will perform the standard isometric strength training protocol targeting the dominant shoulder internal and external rotator muscles. During this condition, participants will not receive any quantitative or augmented feedback regarding their peak force or rate of force development values. They will be instructed to perform the exercises with maximal effort based solely on standard verbal instructions, without access to any real-time performance data from the testing device. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 30 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Healthy individuals aged between 18 and 30 years,
- Body Mass Index (BMI) below 30 kg/m²,
- An activity level of 5 or higher according to the Tegner Activity Scale,
- Full active range of motion (ROM) in shoulder flexion, abduction, internal, and external rotation.
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Resence of current pain complaints,
- Provocation of symptoms during at least one of the specific shoulder clinical tests (Neer Test, Hawkins-Kennedy Test, Jobe Test, Resisted External Rotation Test, and Apprehension Test),
- History of any upper extremity injury, pain, or surgical intervention within the past 12 months,
- Presence or history of hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, peripheral vascular diseases, deep vein thrombosis, neurological disorders, systemic inflammation, diabetes, cancer, or obesity,
- Unwillingness to participate in the study.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Augmented FeedbackAugmented feedback is a term used to describe information about the performance of a skill provided from an external source. When this information is presented quantitatively, it is referred to as Knowledge of results (e.g., movement velocity, jump height, or peak force). Knowledge of results, which is a critical component of performance improvement, is delivered to athletes through professional coaching staff as well as advanced technological applications. Accordingly, research in this area has focused on the pivotal role of real-time data flow and feedback in optimizing performance. | Other | Augmented Feedback |
Primary outcome
Peak Force
Time frame: Within the same intervention day: Baseline, immediately post-intervention, and 15 minutes post-intervention
Peak force refers to the maximum force generated by the shoulder internal or external rotator muscles during a single maximal isometric contraction.
Rate of Force Development
Time frame: Within the same intervention day: Baseline, immediately post-intervention, and 15 minutes post-intervention
Rate of Force Development efers to the speed at which force is generated by the shoulder internal or external rotator muscles during a maximal isometric contraction.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 6 Apr 2026.
- Background: PubMed 29892511Chalker WJ, Shield AJ, Opar DA, Rathbone EN, Keogh JWL. Effect of acute augmented feedback on between limb asymmetries and eccentric knee flexor strength during the Nordic hamstring exercise. PeerJ. 2018 Jun 7;6:e4972. doi: 10.7717/peerj.4972. eCollection 2018.
- Effect of acute augmented feedback on between limb asymmetries and eccentric knee flexor strength during the Nordic hamstring exerciseLink provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Individual participant data will not be shared because the informed consent obtained from the participants and the ethics committee approval do not cover the public sharing of raw data.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Augmented Feedback in people with Performance Enhancement and Athlete, run by Elif Turgut at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 6 Apr 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Elif Turgut, PhD, PT (+905442645600, elif.turgut.pt@gmail.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Peak Force (time frame: Within the same intervention day: Baseline, immediately post-intervention, and 15 minutes post-intervention). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07510893, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 6 Apr 2026.