Heart FailureNCT07581587
Investigation of the Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Training and Dual-Task Inspiratory Muscle Training on Cognitive Functions in Heart Failure
A study testing Dual-Task IMT and IMT in people with Heart Failure, run by Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate whether dual-task inspiratory muscle training (IMT) is effective in improving cognitive and functional outcomes in adults with heart failure. It will also assess the effects of standard IMT and compare both approaches. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 40 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Heart Failure
- What is being tested?
- Dual-Task IMT and IMT
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 54 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 27 Jul 2026to Dec 2027
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 40 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Age ≥ 40 years
- Diagnosed with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) according to the 2023 ESC HF Guidelines
- Classified as NYHA functional class I-III
- Clinically stable for at least 3 months and receiving stable pharmacological treatment
- Able to read and understand Turkish
- MoCA score ≥ 21
- Willingness to participate and provide written informed consent
Who cannot join
- Diagnosis of any neurological or neurodegenerative disease (e.g., Parkinson's disease, stroke, dementia, Alzheimer's disease)
- Diagnosis of pulmonary disease (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obstructive sleep apnea)
- Myocardial infarction within the last 6 months
- Uncontrolled hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus
- Severe valvular heart disease and/or uncontrolled arrhythmias
- Orthopedic, visual, or hearing impairments that may prevent independent test completion
- Inability to comply with study procedures or follow instructions
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cardiology Institute
Istanbul, Fatih, 34098
Rengin Demir, Prof. Dr., 212-459-20-00, rengin.demir@iuc.edu.tr
About this study
The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate whether dual-task inspiratory muscle training (IMT) is effective in improving cognitive and functional outcomes in adults with heart failure. It will also assess the effects of standard IMT and compare both approaches.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
Read more
- Does dual-task IMT improve cognitive function more than standard IMT or no intervention?
- Does dual-task IMT improve respiratory function, inspiratory muscle strength, and exercise capacity?
- What are the effects of dual-task IMT on symptoms such as dyspnea and fatigue, and on quality of life, anxiety, and depression?
Dual-task IMT, standard IMT, and a control group (no additional intervention) will be compared to determine which approach is more effective in patients with heart failure (HF).
Participants will:
- Be randomly assigned to one of three groups: dual-task IMT, standard IMT, or control
- Perform IMT training 5 days per week for 8 weeks (2 sessions per day, 15 minutes each) if assigned to an intervention group
- Complete 1 supervised in-person session per week and 4 sessions via telerehabilitation if assigned to an intervention group
- Undergo assessments before and after the 8-week intervention, including cognitive tests, respiratory function, exercise capacity, and symptom evaluations
Read the detailed description
HF is a complex clinical syndrome associated with reduced functional capacity and a high prevalence of cognitive impairment, which negatively affects prognosis and quality of life. Inspiratory muscle weakness is also common in HF and is associated with increased dyspnea and reduced exercise tolerance. The IMT has been shown to improve respiratory and functional outcomes; however, its effects on cognitive function remain unclear. Dual-task approaches, involving the simultaneous performance of motor and cognitive tasks, have been suggested to enhance neurocognitive integration and improve both cognitive and functional performance. Despite this, the effects of IMT applied within a motor-cognitive dual-task framework in HF patients have not been sufficiently investigated. This study is designed as a prospective, randomized controlled, single-blind trial. A total of 54 patients with heart failure will be included and randomly assigned to three groups: control, standard IMT, and dual-task IMT. Both intervention groups will receive IMT at 50% of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) for 8 weeks, 5 days per week, 2 sessions per day (15 minutes each). One session per week will be supervised, and the remaining sessions will be conducted via telerehabilitation (4 days/week, 2 sessions per day). Training intensity will be adjusted weekly. In the dual-task IMT group, cognitive tasks targeting attention, memory, and executive functions will be performed simultaneously with IMT. Assessments will be performed before and after the intervention. Primary outcomes will include cognitive function, while secondary outcomes will include respiratory function, inspiratory muscle strength and endurance, exercise capacity, dyspnea, fatigue, nitric oxide levels, frailty, physical performance, quality of life, and psychological status. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of dual-task IMT compared to standard IMT and control conditions, and to provide evidence for integrated rehabilitation approaches in patients with HF.
- Conditions
- Heart Failure
- Being tested
- Dual-Task IMT, IMT
- Keywords
- Inspiratory muscle training, IMT, Dual-task
- Medical subject headings
- Heart Failure
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Dual-Task IMTBehavioural
Also called Cognitive-Motor IMT, Cognitive-Motor Dual-Task, Dual-Task
IMT will be applied using a threshold loading device at 50% of MIP for 8 weeks (5 days/week, 2 sessions/day, 15 minutes each). One session per week will be supervised, and the remaining sessions will be performed via telerehabilitation. During IMT, participants will simultaneously perform cognitive tasks targeting attention, memory, and executive functions, which will be varied weekly to minimize learning effects.
IMTBehavioural
Also called Inspiratory Muscle Training
IMT will be applied using a threshold loading device at 50% of MIP for 8 weeks (5 days/week, 2 sessions/day, 15 minutes each). One session per week will be supervised, and the remaining sessions will be performed via telerehabilitation. No additional cognitive task will be applied during training.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Dual-Task IMT | Experimental | Participants will receive IMT combined with simultaneous cognitive tasks for 8 weeks (5 days/week, 2 sessions/day). One session per week will be supervised, and the remaining sessions will be performed via telerehabilitation. Training intensity will be set at 50% of MIP and adjusted weekly. Receives: Behavioral: Dual-Task IMT |
| Standard IMT | Experimental | Participants will receive IMT alone for 8 weeks (5 days/week, 2 sessions/day). One session per week will be supervised, and the remaining sessions will be performed via telerehabilitation. Training intensity will be set at 50% of MIP and adjusted weekly. Receives: Behavioral: IMT |
| Control (Usual Care) | No intervention | Participants will not receive any additional intervention and will continue their usual medical care. Assessments will be performed at baseline and after 8 weeks. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Global cognitive function
Global cognitive function will be assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), 0-30 point screening tool evaluating multiple cognitive domains including attention, memory, executive functions, visuospatial abilities, and language. Higher scores indicate better cognitive performance. The assessment will be administered by a certified physiotherapist.
Measured: Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention)
Subjective cognitive function
Subjective cognitive function will be assessed using the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ), which evaluates perceived cognitive performance over the past 6 months. The questionnaire consists of 25 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale (0-4), with total scores ranging from 0 to 100. Higher scores indicate greater perceived cognitive impairment.
Measured: Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention)
Attention and executive function
Attention and executive function will be assessed using a Stroop Test (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye, Basic Sciences Research Group version), a standardized tool evaluating selective attention, cognitive flexibility, and psychomotor speed. The test consists of five sections, and completion time, as well as the number of correct and incorrect responses, will be recorded for each section. Longer completion times and higher error rates indicate poorer performance.
Measured: Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention)
Verbal memory
Verbal memory will be assessed using the Öktem Verbal Memory Processes Test, which evaluates different components of verbal memory including learning, delayed recall, and recognition. The test involves repeated presentation of a target word list, followed by delayed recall and recognition tasks. Performance will be quantified using learning, spontaneous recall, and recognition scores. The learning score reflects total words recalled across repeated trials (maximum 15). Spontaneous recall is assessed approximately 40 minutes after the learning phase, during which participants are asked to recall the words without cueing. Recognition performance is based on identifying previously presented words among distractors. Higher scores indicate better verbal memory performance.
Measured: Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention)
Reaction time
Reaction time will be assessed using a BlazePod reaction kits. Participants, seated in front of a table, will respond to randomly illuminated light stimuli by tapping the lights as quickly as possible for 30 seconds using one hand. The system consists of four reaction pods positioned in a straight line at 20 cm intervals. Outcome measures will include total number of hits, total reaction time, and mean reaction time per stimulus. Missed responses will be recorded when the light deactivates before being tapped within 4 seconds. Lower reaction time indicates better performance.
Measured: Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention)
Secondary outcomes (16)
Forced vital capacity
Forced vital capacity (FVC) will be assessed using spirometry according to American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (ATS/ERS) guidelines. It will be recorded from three acceptable maneuvers performed in a seated position, and the highest value will be used for analysis.
Measured: Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention)
Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)
Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) will be assessed using spirometry according to ATS/ERS guidelines. It will be recorded from three acceptable maneuvers performed in a seated position, and the highest value will be used for analysis.
Measured: Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention)
FEV1/FVC
FEV1/FVC ratio will be assessed using spirometry according to ATS/ERS guidelines. It will be recorded from three acceptable maneuvers performed in a seated position, and the highest value will be used for analysis.
Measured: Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention)
Peak expiratory flow
Peak expiratory flow (PEF) will be assessed using spirometry according to ATS/ERS guidelines. It will be recorded from three acceptable maneuvers performed in a seated position, and the highest value will be used for analysis.
Measured: Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention)
Forced expiratory flow at 25-75% of FVC
Forced expiratory flow at 25-75% of FVC (FEF25-75) will be assessed using spirometry according to ATS/ERS guidelines. It will be recorded from three acceptable maneuvers performed in a seated position, and the highest value will be used for analysis.
Measured: Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention)
Maximal inspiratory pressure
Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) will be assessed using a portable electronic mouth pressure device (MicroRPM; Micro Medical, UK), according to ATS/ERS guidelines. It will be measured in the seated position using a mouthpiece with nasal occlusion. Participants will perform maximal inspiratory effort for at least 2 seconds against an occluded airway. The highest value from three acceptable maneuvers with <10% variability will be recorded in cmH₂O and as a percentage of predicted values using Black and Hyatt reference equations. Higher values indicate better inspiratory muscle strength.
Measured: Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention)
Maximal expiratory pressure
Maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) will be assessed using a portable electronic mouth pressure device (MicroRPM; Micro Medical, UK), according to ATS/ERS guidelines. It will be measured in the seated position using a mouthpiece with nasal occlusion. Participants will perform maximal expiratory effort for at least 2 seconds against an occluded airway. The highest value from three acceptable maneuvers with <10% variability will be recorded in cmH₂O and as a percentage of predicted values using Black and Hyatt reference equations. Higher values indicate better expiratory muscle strength.
Measured: Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention)
Respiratory muscle endurance
Respiratory muscle endurance will be assessed using a constant-load threshold loading test with a pressure threshold device (POWERbreathe Classic Light Resistance, POWERbreathe International Ltd., UK). The test will be performed at 60% of MIP. Participants will breathe through the device for up to 10 minutes, and endurance will be recorded as the time sustained (seconds) and achieved pressure load (cmH₂O). Higher endurance time indicates better respiratory muscle endurance.
Measured: Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention)
Exercise capacity
Exercise capacity will be assessed using the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) according to ATS guidelines. Participants will be instructed to walk as far as possible for 6 minutes along a 30-meter corridor at a self-paced speed. A standardized rest period will be provided prior to testing. Total walking distance will be recorded in meters. Higher walking distance indicates better exercise capacity.
Measured: Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention)
Dyspnea
Dyspnea will be assessed using the Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) Dyspnea Scale, a 0-4 point scale based on the level of physical activity that induces breathlessness. Higher scores indicate greater severity of dyspnea.
Measured: Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention)
Fatigue
Fatigue will be assessed using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), a 9-item scale evaluating fatigue severity over the past week. Each item is rated on a 7-point Likert scale (1-7), and the total score is calculated by averaging item scores. A score ≥4 indicates severe fatigue. Higher scores indicate greater fatigue severity.
Measured: Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention)
Fractional exhaled nitric oxide
Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) will be measured using a NObreath® device (Bedfont Scientific Ltd., UK) according to the ATS guidelines. Measurements will be performed with controlled expiratory flow, and mean values will be recorded. Participants will perform controlled exhalation at a constant flow rate (50 mL/s) following standardized pre-test conditions. The mean of two acceptable measurements will be recorded as FeNO (parts per billion, ppb).
Measured: Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention)
Frailty
Frailty will be assessed using the Edmonton Frail Scale, a 17-point scale evaluating multiple domains including cognition, general health status, functional independence, and social support. Scores range from 0 to 17, with higher scores indicating greater frailty severity.
Measured: Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention)
Physical performance
Physical performance will be assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), including balance tests, 4-meter gait speed, and chair stand tests. Total scores range from 0 to 12, with higher scores indicating better performance.
Measured: Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention)
Quality of life (QoL)
Quality of life will be assessed using the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire, a 21-item disease-specific scale evaluating the physical and emotional impact of the disease over the past 4 weeks. Each item is scored from 0 to 5, with total scores ranging from 0 to 105. Higher scores indicate worse quality of life.
Measured: Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention)
Anxiety and depression
Anxiety and depression will be evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), a 14-item questionnaire with two subscales assessing anxiety and depression. Each subscale ranges from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity.
Measured: Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted12 May 2026
- Study start27 Jul 2026
- Primary completionJul 2027 (estimated)
- Study completionDec 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Heart FailureStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Istanbul University - CerrahpasaThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 54 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Vildan Fidanoglu, Halic University
- Investigators
- Rengin Demir, Prof. Dr., Study director, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07581587
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 952129
- Status last verified
- Jul 2026
- First submitted
- 17 Apr 2026
- Last updated
- 30 Jul 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 30 Jul 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Investigation of the Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Training and Dual-Task Inspiratory Muscle Training on Cognitive Functions in Heart Failure
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07581587
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 952129
- Conditions
- Heart Failure
- Keywords
- Inspiratory muscle training, IMT, Dual-task
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 54 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Istanbul University - CerrahpasaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 27 Jul 2026 (actual)
- Primary completion
- Jul 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Dec 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 12 May 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate whether dual-task inspiratory muscle training (IMT) is effective in improving cognitive and functional outcomes in adults with heart failure. It will also assess the effects of standard IMT and compare both approaches.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
- Does dual-task IMT improve cognitive function more than standard IMT or no intervention?
- Does dual-task IMT improve respiratory function, inspiratory muscle strength, and exercise capacity?
- What are the effects of dual-task IMT on symptoms such as dyspnea and fatigue, and on quality of life, anxiety, and depression?
Dual-task IMT, standard IMT, and a control group (no additional intervention) will be compared to determine which approach is more effective in patients with heart failure (HF).
Participants will:
- Be randomly assigned to one of three groups: dual-task IMT, standard IMT, or control
- Perform IMT training 5 days per week for 8 weeks (2 sessions per day, 15 minutes each) if assigned to an intervention group
- Complete 1 supervised in-person session per week and 4 sessions via telerehabilitation if assigned to an intervention group
- Undergo assessments before and after the 8-week intervention, including cognitive tests, respiratory function, exercise capacity, and symptom evaluations
Detailed description
HF is a complex clinical syndrome associated with reduced functional capacity and a high prevalence of cognitive impairment, which negatively affects prognosis and quality of life. Inspiratory muscle weakness is also common in HF and is associated with increased dyspnea and reduced exercise tolerance. The IMT has been shown to improve respiratory and functional outcomes; however, its effects on cognitive function remain unclear. Dual-task approaches, involving the simultaneous performance of motor and cognitive tasks, have been suggested to enhance neurocognitive integration and improve both cognitive and functional performance. Despite this, the effects of IMT applied within a motor-cognitive dual-task framework in HF patients have not been sufficiently investigated. This study is designed as a prospective, randomized controlled, single-blind trial. A total of 54 patients with heart failure will be included and randomly assigned to three groups: control, standard IMT, and dual-task IMT. Both intervention groups will receive IMT at 50% of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) for 8 weeks, 5 days per week, 2 sessions per day (15 minutes each). One session per week will be supervised, and the remaining sessions will be conducted via telerehabilitation (4 days/week, 2 sessions per day). Training intensity will be adjusted weekly. In the dual-task IMT group, cognitive tasks targeting attention, memory, and executive functions will be performed simultaneously with IMT. Assessments will be performed before and after the intervention. Primary outcomes will include cognitive function, while secondary outcomes will include respiratory function, inspiratory muscle strength and endurance, exercise capacity, dyspnea, fatigue, nitric oxide levels, frailty, physical performance, quality of life, and psychological status. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of dual-task IMT compared to standard IMT and control conditions, and to provide evidence for integrated rehabilitation approaches in patients with HF.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Dual-Task IMT | Experimental | Behavioral: Dual-Task IMTParticipants will receive IMT combined with simultaneous cognitive tasks for 8 weeks (5 days/week, 2 sessions/day). One session per week will be supervised, and the remaining sessions will be performed via telerehabilitation. Training intensity will be set at 50% of MIP and adjusted weekly. |
| Standard IMT | Experimental | Behavioral: IMTParticipants will receive IMT alone for 8 weeks (5 days/week, 2 sessions/day). One session per week will be supervised, and the remaining sessions will be performed via telerehabilitation. Training intensity will be set at 50% of MIP and adjusted weekly. |
| Control (Usual Care) | No intervention | –Participants will not receive any additional intervention and will continue their usual medical care. Assessments will be performed at baseline and after 8 weeks. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 40 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Age ≥ 40 years
- Diagnosed with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) according to the 2023 ESC HF Guidelines
- Classified as NYHA functional class I-III
- Clinically stable for at least 3 months and receiving stable pharmacological treatment
- Able to read and understand Turkish
Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Diagnosis of any neurological or neurodegenerative disease (e.g., Parkinson's disease, stroke, dementia, Alzheimer's disease)
- Diagnosis of pulmonary disease (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obstructive sleep apnea)
- Myocardial infarction within the last 6 months
- Uncontrolled hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus
- Severe valvular heart disease and/or uncontrolled arrhythmias
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Dual-Task IMTAlso: Cognitive-Motor IMT, Cognitive-Motor Dual-Task, Dual-TaskIMT will be applied using a threshold loading device at 50% of MIP for 8 weeks (5 days/week, 2 sessions/day, 15 minutes each). One session per week will be supervised, and the remaining sessions will be performed via telerehabilitation. During IMT, participants will simultaneously perform cognitive tasks targeting attention, memory, and executive functions, which will be varied weekly to minimize learning effects. | Behavioural | Dual-Task IMT |
| IMTAlso: Inspiratory Muscle TrainingIMT will be applied using a threshold loading device at 50% of MIP for 8 weeks (5 days/week, 2 sessions/day, 15 minutes each). One session per week will be supervised, and the remaining sessions will be performed via telerehabilitation. No additional cognitive task will be applied during training. | Behavioural | Standard IMT |
Primary outcome
Global cognitive function
Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention)
Global cognitive function will be assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), 0-30 point screening tool evaluating multiple cognitive domains including attention, memory, executive functions, visuospatial abilities, and language. Higher scores indicate better cognitive performance. The assessment will be administered by a certified physiotherapist.
Subjective cognitive function
Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention)
Subjective cognitive function will be assessed using the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ), which evaluates perceived cognitive performance over the past 6 months. The questionnaire consists of 25 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale (0-4), with total scores ranging from 0 to 100. Higher scores indicate greater perceived cognitive impairment.
Attention and executive function
Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention)
Attention and executive function will be assessed using a Stroop Test (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye, Basic Sciences Research Group version), a standardized tool evaluating selective attention, cognitive flexibility, and psychomotor speed. The test consists of five sections, and completion time, as well as the number of correct and incorrect responses, will be recorded for each section. Longer completion times and higher error rates indicate poorer performance.
Verbal memory
Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention)
Verbal memory will be assessed using the Öktem Verbal Memory Processes Test, which evaluates different components of verbal memory including learning, delayed recall, and recognition. The test involves repeated presentation of a target word list, followed by delayed recall and recognition tasks. Performance will be quantified using learning, spontaneous recall, and recognition scores. The learning score reflects total words recalled across repeated trials (maximum 15). Spontaneous recall is assessed approximately 40 minutes after the learning phase, during which participants are asked to recall the words without cueing. Recognition performance is based on identifying previously presented words among distractors. Higher scores indicate better verbal memory performance.
Reaction time
Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention)
Reaction time will be assessed using a BlazePod reaction kits. Participants, seated in front of a table, will respond to randomly illuminated light stimuli by tapping the lights as quickly as possible for 30 seconds using one hand. The system consists of four reaction pods positioned in a straight line at 20 cm intervals. Outcome measures will include total number of hits, total reaction time, and mean reaction time per stimulus. Missed responses will be recorded when the light deactivates before being tapped within 4 seconds. Lower reaction time indicates better performance.
16 secondary outcomes
Forced vital capacity
Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention)
Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)
Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention)
FEV1/FVC
Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention)
Peak expiratory flow
Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention)
Forced expiratory flow at 25-75% of FVC
Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention)
Maximal inspiratory pressure
Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention)
Maximal expiratory pressure
Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention)
Respiratory muscle endurance
Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention)
Exercise capacity
Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention)
Dyspnea
Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention)
Fatigue
Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention)
Fractional exhaled nitric oxide
Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention)
Frailty
Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention)
Physical performance
Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention)
Quality of life (QoL)
Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention)
Anxiety and depression
Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention)
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 30 Jul 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Rengin Demir, Prof. Dr. study director
Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Dual-Task IMT and IMT in people with Heart Failure, run by Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 7 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 30 Jul 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Vildan Fidanoglu, PT, MSc (212-924-24-44 ext. 1281, fzt.vildanbayraktaroglu@hotmail.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Global cognitive function (time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks (post-intervention)). The study lists 5 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 30 Jul 2026.