Chronic PainNCT07583368
Chronic Pain, Emotions and Professional Football
An observational study of Chronic Pain and Chronic Pain (Back / Neck), run by Evidence In Motion at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
Chronic pain is influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors, including emotions and environmental context. Prior research demonstrates that emotional states and psychosocial processes such as depression, fear-avoidance, and catastrophizing significantly shape the pain experience. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Chronic Pain, Chronic Pain (Back / Neck)
- How many people
- 32 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 18 Jul 2025to 9 Jan 2026
- How long will I take part?
- 18 Weeks
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: The study will include self-identified adults aged 18 and above who have experienced chronic pain (>1 year) and meet the criteria for avid professional football fans.
Who may be able to join
- Age 18 and above
- Chronic pain > 1 year
- Provide written consent
- Proficient in reading and understanding English
- Identify as an avid football fan of a current US professional football team (NFL). Criteria include:
- Watching all/most of their team's games during the season
Show all 9Show fewer
- Watching games of their main competitor
- Engage in social media regarding their team during and outside of the season
- Wears team apparel during and outside of the season
Who cannot join
- Not willing to participate in the study
- Not willing to comply with weekly data collection requirements
- Do not meet the criteria for being classified as an avid football fan.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Chronic pain is influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors, including emotions and environmental context. Prior research demonstrates that emotional states and psychosocial processes such as depression, fear-avoidance, and catastrophizing significantly shape the pain experience. Professional sports fandom is known to influence emotional well-being, but its relationship to chronic pain has not yet been examined. This longitudinal observational study aims to evaluate whether weekly performance outcomes of participants' favorite U.S. professional football (NFL) teams are associated with fluctuations in self-reported pain intensity, depression, and pain catastrophization among adults with chronic pain who identify as avid football fans. Participants will complete weekly online surveys throughout the NFL regular season, reporting pain ratings (NPRS) and depressive symptoms (PHQ-2). Team performance (win/loss, played/did not play, rival results) will be recorded by the research team. The study seeks to determine whether sports-related emotional fluctuations correlate with changes in chronic pain experiences.
Read the detailed description
Chronic pain is now widely recognized as a complex biopsychosocial condition rather than a purely physical phenomenon. The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) defines pain as an "unpleasant sensory and emotional experience," and neuroimaging studies reveal that chronic pain involves shifting brain activation from nociceptive to cognitive and emotional circuits over time. This evolving understanding underscores the role of emotions, cognitions, and psychosocial factors in shaping the pain experience and contributes to the clinical difficulty of managing chronic pain.
Psychological factors-including fear-avoidance, catastrophizing, and depression-are known to strongly influence pain severity and disability. While these constructs are often tied to biomedical explanations (e.g., structural imaging findings), such explanations may increase fear or negative expectations and do not fully account for pain severity in many individuals. Social factors also interact with psychological processes to shape pain experiences, yet they remain understudied. One such social factor may be the emotional impact of a chronic pain sufferer's favorite sports team performance.
Sports fandom research demonstrates that strong fan identification provides psychological benefits such as belonging, self-esteem, and life satisfaction. Neuroimaging evidence suggests that sports-related wins activate reward networks, while losses trigger introspective and negative emotional states. Despite these findings, the potential link between weekly sports team performance and symptom fluctuations in people living with chronic pain has not been directly investigated.
This longitudinal observational study will examine whether weekly changes in the performance of participants' preferred NFL football team correlate with changes in self-reported chronic pain intensity (Numeric Pain Rating Scale), depressive symptoms (PHQ-2), and pain catastrophization (Pain Catastrophizing Scale). Participants will be adults aged 18 or older with chronic pain lasting more than one year and who meet predefined criteria for being avid fans of a current NFL team.
Following informed consent, participants will complete baseline demographic and clinical questionnaires. Each week throughout the NFL regular season, participants will receive a brief online survey assessing their pain and depressive symptoms. Independent of participant responses, the research team will document whether the participant's team played, whether they won or lost, and the performance of the team's primary rival.
Data will be analyzed descriptively and through inferential statistics to determine whether emotional changes associated with team performance are associated with clinically meaningful weekly changes in pain, depression, or catastrophizing. This study aims to generate preliminary evidence regarding the interaction between sports-related emotional experiences and chronic pain, potentially identifying a novel social component relevant to understanding pain variability.
- Conditions
- Chronic Pain, Chronic Pain (Back / Neck)
- Being tested
- No Intervention: Observational Cohort
- Keywords
- Chronic pain, Depression, Pain catastrophizing, Emotional states, Psychosocial factors, Sports fandom, Professional football (NFL), Pain intensity, Longitudinal observational study, Pain rating scale, PHQ-2, Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS)
- Medical subject headings
- Chronic Pain, Depression, Pain
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
No Intervention: Observational CohortOther
No Intervention: Observational Cohort
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Cohort 1: Avid NFL Fans with Chronic Pain | Participants in this cohort are adults aged 18 or older who have experienced chronic pain for more than one year and meet predefined criteria for being avid fans of an active U.S. professional football (NFL) team. All participants will complete baseline demographic and clinical questionnaires and will provide weekly self-reported measures of pain intensity (NPRS) and depressive symptoms (PHQ-2) throughout the NFL regular season. Team performance variables (game played, win/loss outcome, rival results) will be collected by the research team.
Study Activities:
Baseline demographic and football-related fan profile questionnaire Baseline Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) Weekly NPRS and PHQ-2 surveys End-of-season PCS Research team documentation of weekly team performance and rival performance
Purpose:
To evaluate whether weekly NFL team performance is associated with fluctuations in pain intensity, depressive symptoms, and catastrophizing in individuals living with chronic pain Receives: Other: No Intervention: Observational Cohort |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Pain Intensity (Numeric Pain Rating Scale - NPRS)
Self-reported musculoskeletal pain intensity will be measured using the 0-10 Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), where 0 indicates "no pain" and 10 indicates "worst pain imaginable." Participants will report their average pain over the past week.
Measured: Weekly assessments from study enrollment through the end of the NFL regular season (approximately September 2025 to January 2026).
Depressive Symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-2 - PHQ-2)
Depressive symptoms will be measured using the 2-item PHQ-2, assessing anhedonia and depressed mood. Each item is rated 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day), generating a score from 0-6.
Measured: Weekly assessments from study enrollment through the end of the NFL regular season (approximately September 2025 to January 2026).
Secondary outcomes (3)
Pain Catastrophizing (Pain Catastrophizing Scale - PCS)
The PCS is a 13-item questionnaire assessing rumination, magnification, and helplessness related to pain. Each item is rated 0-4, with total scores ranging from 0-52. Higher scores indicate greater catastrophizing.
Measured: Weekly assessments from study enrollment through the end of the NFL regular season (approximately September 2025 to January 2026).
Correlation Between Weekly Team Performance and Symptom Changes
Team performance will be operationalized as:
Win, Loss, or Did Not Play,
Rival team win/loss,
Margin of victory/defeat. These variables will be analyzed against weekly NPRS and PHQ-2 scores to determine associations between sports-related emotional events and chronic pain symptoms.
Measured: Weekly assessments from study enrollment through the end of the NFL regular season (approximately September 2025 to January 2026).
Weekly Response Rate / Completion Rate
Proportion of participants completing each weekly survey.
Measured: Weekly assessments from study enrollment through the end of the NFL regular season (approximately September 2025 to January 2026).
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted13 May 2026
- Study start18 Jul 2025
- Primary completion9 Jan 2026
- Study completion9 Jan 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (20)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Chronic PainStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 32 participants (actual)
- Target duration
- 18 Weeks
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Evidence In Motion
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- St. Ambrose University
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Adriaan Louw, PT, PhD, Principal investigator, Evidence In Motion
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07583368
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- NFLStudy2025
- Status last verified
- May 2026
- First submitted
- 11 Mar 2026
- Last updated
- 13 May 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
George SZ, Valencia C, Beneciuk JM. A psychometric investigation of fear-avoidance model measures in patients with chronic low back pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2010 Apr;40(4):197-205. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2010.3298.
PubMed 20357418Moseley GL. Evidence for a direct relationship between cognitive and physical change during an education intervention in people with chronic low back pain. Eur J Pain. 2004 Feb;8(1):39-45. doi: 10.1016/S1090-3801(03)00063-6.
PubMed 14690673Moseley GL, Nicholas MK, Hodges PW. A randomized controlled trial of intensive neurophysiology education in chronic low back pain. Clin J Pain. 2004 Sep-Oct;20(5):324-30. doi: 10.1097/00002508-200409000-00007.
PubMed 15322439Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001 Sep;16(9):606-13. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x.
PubMed 11556941Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The Patient Health Questionnaire-2: validity of a two-item depression screener. Med Care. 2003 Nov;41(11):1284-92. doi: 10.1097/01.MLR.0000093487.78664.3C.
PubMed 14583691Farrar JT, Young JP Jr, LaMoreaux L, Werth JL, Poole MR. Clinical importance of changes in chronic pain intensity measured on an 11-point numerical pain rating scale. Pain. 2001 Nov;94(2):149-158. doi: 10.1016/S0304-3959(01)00349-9.
PubMed 11690728Salaffi F, Stancati A, Silvestri CA, Ciapetti A, Grassi W. Minimal clinically important changes in chronic musculoskeletal pain intensity measured on a numerical rating scale. Eur J Pain. 2004 Aug;8(4):283-91. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2003.09.004.
PubMed 15207508Wann DL. The "noble" sports fan: the relationships between team identification, self-esteem, and aggression. Percept Mot Skills. 1994 Jun;78(3 Pt 1):864-6. doi: 10.1177/003151259407800337.
PubMed 8084705Jull G, Sterling M. Bring back the biopsychosocial model for neck pain disorders. Man Ther. 2009 Apr;14(2):117-8. doi: 10.1016/j.math.2009.01.004. No abstract available.
PubMed 19218070Stewart M, Loftus S. Sticks and Stones: The Impact of Language in Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2018 Jul;48(7):519-522. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2018.0610.
PubMed 30067920Sloan TJ, Walsh DA. Explanatory and diagnostic labels and perceived prognosis in chronic low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2010 Oct 1;35(21):E1120-5. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181e089a9.
PubMed 20838269Brinjikji W, Luetmer PH, Comstock B, Bresnahan BW, Chen LE, Deyo RA, Halabi S, Turner JA, Avins AL, James K, Wald JT, Kallmes DF, Jarvik JG. Systematic literature review of imaging features of spinal degeneration in asymptomatic populations. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2015 Apr;36(4):811-6. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A4173. Epub 2014 Nov 27.
PubMed 25430861Nijs J, Roussel N, Paul van Wilgen C, Koke A, Smeets R. Thinking beyond muscles and joints: therapists' and patients' attitudes and beliefs regarding chronic musculoskeletal pain are key to applying effective treatment. Man Ther. 2013 Apr;18(2):96-102. doi: 10.1016/j.math.2012.11.001. Epub 2012 Dec 28.
PubMed 23273516van Meulenbroek T, Huijnen IPJ, Simons LE, Conijn AEA, Engelbert RHH, Verbunt JA. Exploring the underlying mechanism of pain-related disability in hypermobile adolescents with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Scand J Pain. 2020 Aug 31;21(1):22-31. doi: 10.1515/sjpain-2020-0023. Print 2021 Jan 27.
PubMed 32862151Vlaeyen JWS, Crombez G, Linton SJ. The fear-avoidance model of pain. Pain. 2016 Aug;157(8):1588-1589. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000574. No abstract available.
PubMed 27428892
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 13 May 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Chronic Pain, Emotions and Professional Football
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07583368
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- NFLStudy2025
- Conditions
- Chronic Pain, Chronic Pain (Back / Neck)
- Keywords
- Chronic pain, Depression, Pain catastrophizing, Emotional states, Psychosocial factors, Sports fandom, Professional football (NFL), Pain intensity
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 32 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Evidence In MotionUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- St. Ambrose University
- Study start
- 18 Jul 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 9 Jan 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 9 Jan 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 13 May 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Chronic pain is influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors, including emotions and environmental context. Prior research demonstrates that emotional states and psychosocial processes such as depression, fear-avoidance, and catastrophizing significantly shape the pain experience. Professional sports fandom is known to influence emotional well-being, but its relationship to chronic pain has not yet been examined. This longitudinal observational study aims to evaluate whether weekly performance outcomes of participants' favorite U.S. professional football (NFL) teams are associated with fluctuations in self-reported pain intensity, depression, and pain catastrophization among adults with chronic pain who identify as avid football fans. Participants will complete weekly online surveys throughout the NFL regular season, reporting pain ratings (NPRS) and depressive symptoms (PHQ-2). Team performance (win/loss, played/did not play, rival results) will be recorded by the research team. The study seeks to determine whether sports-related emotional fluctuations correlate with changes in chronic pain experiences.
Detailed description
Chronic pain is now widely recognized as a complex biopsychosocial condition rather than a purely physical phenomenon. The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) defines pain as an "unpleasant sensory and emotional experience," and neuroimaging studies reveal that chronic pain involves shifting brain activation from nociceptive to cognitive and emotional circuits over time. This evolving understanding underscores the role of emotions, cognitions, and psychosocial factors in shaping the pain experience and contributes to the clinical difficulty of managing chronic pain.
Psychological factors-including fear-avoidance, catastrophizing, and depression-are known to strongly influence pain severity and disability. While these constructs are often tied to biomedical explanations (e.g., structural imaging findings), such explanations may increase fear or negative expectations and do not fully account for pain severity in many individuals. Social factors also interact with psychological processes to shape pain experiences, yet they remain understudied. One such social factor may be the emotional impact of a chronic pain sufferer's favorite sports team performance.
Sports fandom research demonstrates that strong fan identification provides psychological benefits such as belonging, self-esteem, and life satisfaction. Neuroimaging evidence suggests that sports-related wins activate reward networks, while losses trigger introspective and negative emotional states. Despite these findings, the potential link between weekly sports team performance and symptom fluctuations in people living with chronic pain has not been directly investigated.
This longitudinal observational study will examine whether weekly changes in the performance of participants' preferred NFL football team correlate with changes in self-reported chronic pain intensity (Numeric Pain Rating Scale), depressive symptoms (PHQ-2), and pain catastrophization (Pain Catastrophizing Scale). Participants will be adults aged 18 or older with chronic pain lasting more than one year and who meet predefined criteria for being avid fans of a current NFL team.
Following informed consent, participants will complete baseline demographic and clinical questionnaires. Each week throughout the NFL regular season, participants will receive a brief online survey assessing their pain and depressive symptoms. Independent of participant responses, the research team will document whether the participant's team played, whether they won or lost, and the performance of the team's primary rival.
Data will be analyzed descriptively and through inferential statistics to determine whether emotional changes associated with team performance are associated with clinically meaningful weekly changes in pain, depression, or catastrophizing. This study aims to generate preliminary evidence regarding the interaction between sports-related emotional experiences and chronic pain, potentially identifying a novel social component relevant to understanding pain variability.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Target follow-up
- 18 Weeks
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Cohort 1: Avid NFL Fans with Chronic Pain | – | Other: No Intervention: Observational CohortParticipants in this cohort are adults aged 18 or older who have experienced chronic pain for more than one year and meet predefined criteria for being avid fans of an active U.S. professional football (NFL) team. All participants will complete baseline demographic and clinical questionnaires and will provide weekly self-reported measures of pain intensity (NPRS) and depressive symptoms (PHQ-2) throughout the NFL regular season. Team performance variables (game played, win/loss outcome, rival results) will be collected by the research team. Study Activities: Baseline demographic and football-related fan profile questionnaire Baseline Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) Weekly NPRS and PHQ-2 surveys End-of-season PCS Research team documentation of weekly team performance and rival performance Purpose: To evaluate whether weekly NFL team performance is associated with fluctuations in pain intensity, depressive symptoms, and catastrophizing in individuals living with chronic pain |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- The study will include self-identified adults aged 18 and above who have experienced chronic pain (>1 year) and meet the criteria for avid professional football fans.
Key inclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Age 18 and above
- Chronic pain > 1 year
- Provide written consent
- Proficient in reading and understanding English
- Identify as an avid football fan of a current US professional football team (NFL). Criteria include:
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Not willing to participate in the study
- Not willing to comply with weekly data collection requirements
- Do not meet the criteria for being classified as an avid football fan.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| No Intervention: Observational CohortNo Intervention: Observational Cohort | Other | Cohort 1: Avid NFL Fans with Chronic Pain |
Primary outcome
Pain Intensity (Numeric Pain Rating Scale - NPRS)
Time frame: Weekly assessments from study enrollment through the end of the NFL regular season (approximately September 2025 to January 2026).
Self-reported musculoskeletal pain intensity will be measured using the 0-10 Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), where 0 indicates "no pain" and 10 indicates "worst pain imaginable." Participants will report their average pain over the past week.
Depressive Symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-2 - PHQ-2)
Time frame: Weekly assessments from study enrollment through the end of the NFL regular season (approximately September 2025 to January 2026).
Depressive symptoms will be measured using the 2-item PHQ-2, assessing anhedonia and depressed mood. Each item is rated 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day), generating a score from 0-6.
3 secondary outcomes
Pain Catastrophizing (Pain Catastrophizing Scale - PCS)
Time frame: Weekly assessments from study enrollment through the end of the NFL regular season (approximately September 2025 to January 2026).
Correlation Between Weekly Team Performance and Symptom Changes
Time frame: Weekly assessments from study enrollment through the end of the NFL regular season (approximately September 2025 to January 2026).
Weekly Response Rate / Completion Rate
Time frame: Weekly assessments from study enrollment through the end of the NFL regular season (approximately September 2025 to January 2026).
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 13 May 2026.
- Background: PubMed 20357418George SZ, Valencia C, Beneciuk JM. A psychometric investigation of fear-avoidance model measures in patients with chronic low back pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2010 Apr;40(4):197-205. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2010.3298.
- Background: PubMed 14690673Moseley GL. Evidence for a direct relationship between cognitive and physical change during an education intervention in people with chronic low back pain. Eur J Pain. 2004 Feb;8(1):39-45. doi: 10.1016/S1090-3801(03)00063-6.
- Background: PubMed 15322439Moseley GL, Nicholas MK, Hodges PW. A randomized controlled trial of intensive neurophysiology education in chronic low back pain. Clin J Pain. 2004 Sep-Oct;20(5):324-30. doi: 10.1097/00002508-200409000-00007.
- Background: PubMed 11556941Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001 Sep;16(9):606-13. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x.
- Background: PubMed 14583691Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The Patient Health Questionnaire-2: validity of a two-item depression screener. Med Care. 2003 Nov;41(11):1284-92. doi: 10.1097/01.MLR.0000093487.78664.3C.
- Background: PubMed 11690728Farrar JT, Young JP Jr, LaMoreaux L, Werth JL, Poole MR. Clinical importance of changes in chronic pain intensity measured on an 11-point numerical pain rating scale. Pain. 2001 Nov;94(2):149-158. doi: 10.1016/S0304-3959(01)00349-9.
- Background: PubMed 15207508Salaffi F, Stancati A, Silvestri CA, Ciapetti A, Grassi W. Minimal clinically important changes in chronic musculoskeletal pain intensity measured on a numerical rating scale. Eur J Pain. 2004 Aug;8(4):283-91. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2003.09.004.
- Background: PubMed 8084705Wann DL. The "noble" sports fan: the relationships between team identification, self-esteem, and aggression. Percept Mot Skills. 1994 Jun;78(3 Pt 1):864-6. doi: 10.1177/003151259407800337.
- Background: PubMed 19218070Jull G, Sterling M. Bring back the biopsychosocial model for neck pain disorders. Man Ther. 2009 Apr;14(2):117-8. doi: 10.1016/j.math.2009.01.004. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 30067920Stewart M, Loftus S. Sticks and Stones: The Impact of Language in Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2018 Jul;48(7):519-522. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2018.0610.
- Background: PubMed 20838269Sloan TJ, Walsh DA. Explanatory and diagnostic labels and perceived prognosis in chronic low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2010 Oct 1;35(21):E1120-5. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181e089a9.
- Background: PubMed 25430861Brinjikji W, Luetmer PH, Comstock B, Bresnahan BW, Chen LE, Deyo RA, Halabi S, Turner JA, Avins AL, James K, Wald JT, Kallmes DF, Jarvik JG. Systematic literature review of imaging features of spinal degeneration in asymptomatic populations. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2015 Apr;36(4):811-6. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A4173. Epub 2014 Nov 27.
- News N. Emotions in Soccer Fans' Brains: Exploring the Thrills and Agony. Neuroscience NewsLink provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Adriaan Louw, PT, PhD principal investigator
Evidence In Motion
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Chronic Pain and Chronic Pain (Back / Neck), run by Evidence In Motion at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 9 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 13 May 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Pain Intensity (Numeric Pain Rating Scale - NPRS) (time frame: Weekly assessments from study enrollment through the end of the NFL regular season (approximately September 2025 to January 2026).). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07583368, which also lists 20 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 13 May 2026.