Education, Competency-BasedNCT07592208
Multilayer Inelastic Bandage Training in Physiotherapy Students
A study testing Supervised Education Group and Brochure in people with Education, Competency-Based and Student, run by Abant Izzet Baysal University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
The goal of this quasiexperimental study is to evaluate the effects of structured training on inelastic compression bandaging proficiency in fourth-year physiotherapy students. The main questions it aims to answer are: Can supervised training significantly improve primary outcomes such as technical bandaging skills… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Any ageHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Education, Competency-Based, Student, Physical Therapy
- What is being tested?
- Supervised Education Group and Brochure
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 41 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Sep 2025to 30 Apr 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages Any age
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Volunteering to participate
- Being a student in the department of physiotherapy and rehabilitation
- Being in the fourth year of study
- Having completed the Prosthetics and Rehabilitation course to ensure proficiency in the figure-of-eight bandaging technique.
Who cannot join
- Having any orthopedic or neurological disease that hinders upper extremity function, particularly hand use
- Presence of acute trauma to the upper extremity or hand
- Having a known allergy to compression materials, as students performed bandaging practices on one another.
- Students who had received any training or courses on compression bandaging prior to or outside of the 'Prosthetics and Rehabilitation' course
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University
Bolu, Central, 14030
About this study
Official title: Evaluation of Skills, Interface Pressure Consistency and Confidence in Multilayer Compression Bandage Training for Physiotherapy Students: Quasi-experimental Study
The goal of this quasiexperimental study is to evaluate the effects of structured training on inelastic compression bandaging proficiency in fourth-year physiotherapy students. The main questions it aims to answer are:
Can supervised training significantly improve primary outcomes such as technical bandaging skills (measured by a standardized rubric)? Does structured education enhance secondary outcomes, including interface pressure accuracy, application time, and student self-confidence? Researchers will compare a Supervised Education Group receiving real-time biofeedback to a Control Group receiving an instructional brochure to see if expert-led training is more effective than passive learning in bridging the gap between perceived and actual clinical competence.
Read more
Participants will:
Perform a baseline bandaging application (T0) assessed via a two-station Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE).
Be assigned to either the supervised training session (with Kikuhime pressure sensors for feedback) or the brochure-based self-study group.
Complete a post-intervention assessment (T1) to measure improvements in technical skill, pressure precision, and self-confidence levels.
Read the detailed description
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of structured training on inelastic compression bandaging skills, interface pressure accuracy, and self-confidence among physiotherapy students.
Methods: This study was conducted with 41 physiotherapy students (Education Group: n=21; Control Group: n=20). The Education Group received supervised training with objective pressure feedback while the Control Group received an instructional brochure. Clinical bandaging skills were evaluated using a two-station Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE), consisting of standardized rubric and time, and interface pressure monitoring. Students were assessed at baseline (T0) and post-intervention (T1) for bandaging skills (via rubric), interface pressure (Kikuhime), application time (seconds), and self-confidence (VAS).
Results: At baseline, only 9.5% of the Education Group and 0% of the Control Group achieved the target pressure. Post-intervention, these rates increased to 33.3% and 35.0%, respectively. The Education Group demonstrated a significantly greater improvement in Rubric scores (p=0.030, rrb =0.390) and self-confidence levels (p=0.005, rrb =0.512) compared to the Control Group. Intra-group analysis revealed that application times increased significantly in both the Education (p<0.001, rrb =0.983) and Control groups (p<0.001, rrb =1.000). While absolute real pressure error improved significantly within the Education Group (p=0.024, rrb=0.581), no significant inter-group difference was found for pressure-related variables (p>0.05). Notably, in the Education Group, self-confidence showed a strong positive correlation with Rubric scores (rho= 0.619, p=0.003) and a significant negative moderate correlation with absolute real pressure error (rho: -0.408, p=0.037). In contrast, no significant correlation was found between confidence and technical performance in the Control Group, suggesting a tendency toward overconfidence.
Conclusion: Supervised training with objective feedback is superior to passive learning for mastering the complex psychomotor skill of multilayer inelastic bandaging. While theoretical instruction may artificially inflate self-confidence, it fails to bridge the experience paradox which perceived competence masks technical insufficiency. Integrating real-time biofeedback into physiotherapy curricula is essential to ensure sensory calibration, technical proficiency, and patient safety, transitioning students from conceptual understanding to objective clinical mastery.
- Conditions
- Education, Competency-Based, Student, Physical Therapy
- Being tested
- Supervised Education Group, Brochure
- Keywords
- compression therapy, multilayer inelastic bandage training, physiotherapy and rehabilitation, Interface pressure, Physiotherapy education
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Supervised Education GroupOther
The supervised intervention consisted of a 3-hour session led by a lymphedema therapist with 14 years of experience. Training was conducted in groups of 5-9 students using peer-to-peer practice. The program included:
Theory: Instruction on inelastic bandage properties, Laplace's Law, and pressure distribution principles.
Demonstration: A step-by-step showcase of multi-layer below-knee bandaging, including stirrup and figure-of-eight techniques.
Practice: Students practiced on peers in a supine position. Biofeedback: To master therapeutic pressure, students utilized the Kikuhime device for real-time monitoring. The instructor provided individual corrections for each application.
This structured approach aimed to calibrate students' tactile perception and ensure technical mastery through expert supervision and objective feedback.
BrochureOther
The control group was provided with a brochure detailing how to perform the bandaging. All technical details provided in the supervised training were included in this brochure. Visuals were used to demonstrate the final appearance of the stirrup technique, starting and ending positions, and the positioning of both the patient and the ankle. Great care was taken to ensure that the visuals and descriptions were simple, clear, and explanatory. After the brochure was distributed, any points of confusion were clarified for the students
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Supervised Education Group | Experimental | The supervised intervention consisted of a 3-hour session led by a lymphedema therapist with 14 years of experience. Training was conducted in groups of 5-9 students using peer-to-peer practice. The program included:
Theory: Instruction on inelastic bandage properties, Laplace's Law, and pressure distribution principles.
Demonstration: A step-by-step showcase of multi-layer below-knee bandaging, including stirrup and figure-of-eight techniques.
Practice: Students practiced on peers in a supine position. Biofeedback: To master therapeutic pressure, students utilized the Kikuhime device for real-time monitoring. The instructor provided individual corrections for each application.
This structured approach aimed to calibrate students' tactile perception and ensure technical mastery through expert supervision and objective feedback. Receives: Other: Supervised Education Group |
| Control group | Active comparator | The control group was provided with a brochure detailing how to perform the bandaging. All technical details provided in the supervised training were included in this brochure. Visuals were used to demonstrate the final appearance of the stirrup technique, starting and ending positions, and the positioning of both the patient and the ankle. Great care was taken to ensure that the visuals and descriptions were simple, clear, and explanatory. After the brochure was distributed, any points of confusion were clarified for the students Receives: Other: Brochure |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Bandaging Skills
A Bandaging Skills Rubric was developed to objectively evaluate bandaging proficiency. To prevent bias, the rubric assessments were performed by a researcher who did not provide the training and who was specifically trained on each rubric criterion. The rubric consisted of 5 criteria, each rated on a 3-point scale: Inadequate (1 point), Satisfactory (2 points), and Proficient (3 points). The minimum and maximum possible scores for the rubric are 5 and 15, respectively. Higher rubric scores indicate superior bandaging technique and quality.
Measured: Baseline, and immediately after the intervention
Secondary outcomes (6)
Bandage Interface Pressure
The students were instructed to apply the bandages within a pressure range of 35-45 mmHg. Following the completion of the bandaging procedure, the interface pressure values at rest were recorded from B1 point (transition point of gastrocnemius tendon to muscle, from medial aspect of leg) in mmHg.
Measured: Baseline, and immediately after the intervention
Absolute real pressure error
To determine how much the participants deviated from the desired pressure-that is, to find the actual error-calculations were performed before and after the application according to the following formula:
Absolute error = |Pre-training interface pressure/Post-training interface pressure - Desired mean bandage pressure (40 mmHg)| These values were recorded as mmHg.
Measured: Baseline, and immediately after the intervention
Perceived Interface Pressure
Physiotherapy students were asked to estimate the pressure they applied before and after the training, and their estimations were recorded in mmHg.
Measured: Baseline, and immediately after the intervention
Perceived pressure error
the perceived error was calculated for both pre- and post-training applications. The perceived error was calculated with the formula.
Perceived error = |Pre-training perceived mean interface pressure/ Post-training perceived mean interface pressure - Pre-training interface pressure/ Post-training interface|. The perceived error was recorded as mmHg.
Measured: Baseline, and immediately after the intervention
Confidence in Bandage Application
The students' confidence in bandage application was evaluated using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The students were asked how confident they felt in achieving the desired compression bandage pressure, and they were requested to mark their level of confidence on the VAS . A score of '0' represented 'not confident at all,' while '10' represented 'highly confident.' The marked point was measured with a ruler and recorded in centimeters
Measured: Baseline, and immediately after the intervention
Bandage application time
The bandage application time was recorded in seconds before and after the training.
Measured: Baseline, and immediately after the intervention
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted18 May 2026
- Study start1 Sep 2025
- Primary completion30 Apr 2026
- Study completion30 Apr 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Education, Competency-BasedStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Quasi-experimental
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 41 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Abant Izzet Baysal University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Elif Duygu-Yildiz, Abant Izzet Baysal University
- Investigators
- Elif DUYGU-YILDIZ, Principal investigator, Abant Izzet Baysal University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07592208
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- BAIBU-FTR-ED-005
- Status last verified
- May 2026
- First submitted
- 6 May 2026
- Last updated
- 18 May 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Publications
1. Trayes KP, Studdiford JS, Pickle S, Tully AS. Edema: diagnosis and management. American family physician. 2013;88:102-10. 2. Gasparis AP, Kim PS, Dean SM, Khilnani NM, Labropoulos N. Diagnostic approach to lower limb edema. Phlebology. 2020;35:650-5. 3. Michelini S, Failla A, Moneta G, Fiorentino A, Marco C. Peripheral Edema: differential diagnosis. In: Inflammation in the 21st Century. IntechOpen; 2020. 4. Miller CL, Colwell AS, Horick N, Skolny MN, Jammallo LS, O'Toole JA, et al. Immediate implant reconstruction is associated with a reduced risk of lymphedema compared to mastectomy alone: A prospective cohort study. Annals of surgery. 2016;263:399. 5. Klein I, Tidhar D, Kalichman L. Lymphatic treatments after orthopedic surgery or injury: a systematic review. Journal of bodywork and movement therapies. 2020;24:109-17. 6. de Almeida Alcantara DA, Dos Santos FNA, de Almeida Ferreira JJ, de Noronha M, de Andrade PR. The effect of kinesiotaping on edema: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Musculoskeletal Science and Practice. 2024;:103168. 7. Feger MA, Goetschius J, Love H, Saliba SA, Hertel J. Electrical stimulation as a treatment intervention to improve function, edema or pain following acute lateral ankle sprains: A systematic review. Physical Therapy in Sport. 2015;16:361-9. 8. Wang Z-R, Ni G-X. Is it time to put traditional cold therapy in rehabilitation of soft-tissue injuries out to pasture? World journal of clinical cases. 2021;9:4116. 9. Patel H, Skok CC, DeMarco A. Peripheral edema: evaluation and management in primary care. American Family Physician. 2022;106:557-64. 10. Sun C-R, Liu M-Y, Ni Q-H, Cai F, Tang F, Yu Z-Y, et al. Clinical Guidelines on Compression Therapy in Venous Diseases. Annals of Vascular Surgery. 2024. 11. Partsch H, Rockson SG. Compression therapy. Lymphedema: A Concise Compendium of Theory and Practice. 2018;:431-41. 12. Partsch H. Compression therapy: clinical and experimental evidence. Annals of vascular diseases. 2012;:ra-12.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 18 May 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Evaluation of Skills, Interface Pressure Consistency and Confidence in Multilayer Compression Bandage Training for Physiotherapy Students: Quasi-experimental Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07592208
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- BAIBU-FTR-ED-005
- Conditions
- Education, Competency-Based, Student, Physical Therapy
- Keywords
- compression therapy, multilayer inelastic bandage training, physiotherapy and rehabilitation, Interface pressure, Physiotherapy education
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 41 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Abant Izzet Baysal UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey
- Study start
- 1 Sep 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Apr 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Apr 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 18 May 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this quasiexperimental study is to evaluate the effects of structured training on inelastic compression bandaging proficiency in fourth-year physiotherapy students. The main questions it aims to answer are:
Can supervised training significantly improve primary outcomes such as technical bandaging skills (measured by a standardized rubric)? Does structured education enhance secondary outcomes, including interface pressure accuracy, application time, and student self-confidence? Researchers will compare a Supervised Education Group receiving real-time biofeedback to a Control Group receiving an instructional brochure to see if expert-led training is more effective than passive learning in bridging the gap between perceived and actual clinical competence.
Participants will:
Perform a baseline bandaging application (T0) assessed via a two-station Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE).
Be assigned to either the supervised training session (with Kikuhime pressure sensors for feedback) or the brochure-based self-study group.
Complete a post-intervention assessment (T1) to measure improvements in technical skill, pressure precision, and self-confidence levels.
Detailed description
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of structured training on inelastic compression bandaging skills, interface pressure accuracy, and self-confidence among physiotherapy students.
Methods: This study was conducted with 41 physiotherapy students (Education Group: n=21; Control Group: n=20). The Education Group received supervised training with objective pressure feedback while the Control Group received an instructional brochure. Clinical bandaging skills were evaluated using a two-station Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE), consisting of standardized rubric and time, and interface pressure monitoring. Students were assessed at baseline (T0) and post-intervention (T1) for bandaging skills (via rubric), interface pressure (Kikuhime), application time (seconds), and self-confidence (VAS).
Results: At baseline, only 9.5% of the Education Group and 0% of the Control Group achieved the target pressure. Post-intervention, these rates increased to 33.3% and 35.0%, respectively. The Education Group demonstrated a significantly greater improvement in Rubric scores (p=0.030, rrb =0.390) and self-confidence levels (p=0.005, rrb =0.512) compared to the Control Group. Intra-group analysis revealed that application times increased significantly in both the Education (p<0.001, rrb =0.983) and Control groups (p<0.001, rrb =1.000). While absolute real pressure error improved significantly within the Education Group (p=0.024, rrb=0.581), no significant inter-group difference was found for pressure-related variables (p>0.05). Notably, in the Education Group, self-confidence showed a strong positive correlation with Rubric scores (rho= 0.619, p=0.003) and a significant negative moderate correlation with absolute real pressure error (rho: -0.408, p=0.037). In contrast, no significant correlation was found between confidence and technical performance in the Control Group, suggesting a tendency toward overconfidence.
Conclusion: Supervised training with objective feedback is superior to passive learning for mastering the complex psychomotor skill of multilayer inelastic bandaging. While theoretical instruction may artificially inflate self-confidence, it fails to bridge the experience paradox which perceived competence masks technical insufficiency. Integrating real-time biofeedback into physiotherapy curricula is essential to ensure sensory calibration, technical proficiency, and patient safety, transitioning students from conceptual understanding to objective clinical mastery.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Quasi-experimental
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Supervised Education Group | Experimental | Other: Supervised Education GroupThe supervised intervention consisted of a 3-hour session led by a lymphedema therapist with 14 years of experience. Training was conducted in groups of 5-9 students using peer-to-peer practice. The program included: Theory: Instruction on inelastic bandage properties, Laplace's Law, and pressure distribution principles. Demonstration: A step-by-step showcase of multi-layer below-knee bandaging, including stirrup and figure-of-eight techniques. Practice: Students practiced on peers in a supine position. Biofeedback: To master therapeutic pressure, students utilized the Kikuhime device for real-time monitoring. The instructor provided individual corrections for each application. This structured approach aimed to calibrate students' tactile perception and ensure technical mastery through expert supervision and objective feedback. |
| Control group | Active comparator | Other: BrochureThe control group was provided with a brochure detailing how to perform the bandaging. All technical details provided in the supervised training were included in this brochure. Visuals were used to demonstrate the final appearance of the stirrup technique, starting and ending positions, and the positioning of both the patient and the ankle. Great care was taken to ensure that the visuals and descriptions were simple, clear, and explanatory. After the brochure was distributed, any points of confusion were clarified for the students |
Who may qualify
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Volunteering to participate
- Being a student in the department of physiotherapy and rehabilitation
- Being in the fourth year of study
- Having completed the Prosthetics and Rehabilitation course to ensure proficiency in the figure-of-eight bandaging technique.
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Having any orthopedic or neurological disease that hinders upper extremity function, particularly hand use
- Presence of acute trauma to the upper extremity or hand
- Having a known allergy to compression materials, as students performed bandaging practices on one another.
- Students who had received any training or courses on compression bandaging prior to or outside of the 'Prosthetics and Rehabilitation' course
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Supervised Education GroupThe supervised intervention consisted of a 3-hour session led by a lymphedema therapist with 14 years of experience. Training was conducted in groups of 5-9 students using peer-to-peer practice. The program included: Theory: Instruction on inelastic bandage properties, Laplace's Law, and pressure distribution principles. Demonstration: A step-by-step showcase of multi-layer below-knee bandaging, including stirrup and figure-of-eight techniques. Practice: Students practiced on peers in a supine position. Biofeedback: To master therapeutic pressure, students utilized the Kikuhime device for real-time monitoring. The instructor provided individual corrections for each application. This structured approach aimed to calibrate students' tactile perception and ensure technical mastery through expert supervision and objective feedback. | Other | Supervised Education Group |
| BrochureThe control group was provided with a brochure detailing how to perform the bandaging. All technical details provided in the supervised training were included in this brochure. Visuals were used to demonstrate the final appearance of the stirrup technique, starting and ending positions, and the positioning of both the patient and the ankle. Great care was taken to ensure that the visuals and descriptions were simple, clear, and explanatory. After the brochure was distributed, any points of confusion were clarified for the students | Other | Control group |
Primary outcome
Bandaging Skills
Time frame: Baseline, and immediately after the intervention
A Bandaging Skills Rubric was developed to objectively evaluate bandaging proficiency. To prevent bias, the rubric assessments were performed by a researcher who did not provide the training and who was specifically trained on each rubric criterion. The rubric consisted of 5 criteria, each rated on a 3-point scale: Inadequate (1 point), Satisfactory (2 points), and Proficient (3 points). The minimum and maximum possible scores for the rubric are 5 and 15, respectively. Higher rubric scores indicate superior bandaging technique and quality.
6 secondary outcomes
Bandage Interface Pressure
Time frame: Baseline, and immediately after the intervention
Absolute real pressure error
Time frame: Baseline, and immediately after the intervention
Perceived Interface Pressure
Time frame: Baseline, and immediately after the intervention
Perceived pressure error
Time frame: Baseline, and immediately after the intervention
Confidence in Bandage Application
Time frame: Baseline, and immediately after the intervention
Bandage application time
Time frame: Baseline, and immediately after the intervention
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 18 May 2026.
- Background1. Trayes KP, Studdiford JS, Pickle S, Tully AS. Edema: diagnosis and management. American family physician. 2013;88:102-10. 2. Gasparis AP, Kim PS, Dean SM, Khilnani NM, Labropoulos N. Diagnostic approach to lower limb edema. Phlebology. 2020;35:650-5. 3. Michelini S, Failla A, Moneta G, Fiorentino A, Marco C. Peripheral Edema: differential diagnosis. In: Inflammation in the 21st Century. IntechOpen; 2020. 4. Miller CL, Colwell AS, Horick N, Skolny MN, Jammallo LS, O'Toole JA, et al. Immediate implant reconstruction is associated with a reduced risk of lymphedema compared to mastectomy alone: A prospective cohort study. Annals of surgery. 2016;263:399. 5. Klein I, Tidhar D, Kalichman L. Lymphatic treatments after orthopedic surgery or injury: a systematic review. Journal of bodywork and movement therapies. 2020;24:109-17. 6. de Almeida Alcantara DA, Dos Santos FNA, de Almeida Ferreira JJ, de Noronha M, de Andrade PR. The effect of kinesiotaping on edema: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Musculoskeletal Science and Practice. 2024;:103168. 7. Feger MA, Goetschius J, Love H, Saliba SA, Hertel J. Electrical stimulation as a treatment intervention to improve function, edema or pain following acute lateral ankle sprains: A systematic review. Physical Therapy in Sport. 2015;16:361-9. 8. Wang Z-R, Ni G-X. Is it time to put traditional cold therapy in rehabilitation of soft-tissue injuries out to pasture? World journal of clinical cases. 2021;9:4116. 9. Patel H, Skok CC, DeMarco A. Peripheral edema: evaluation and management in primary care. American Family Physician. 2022;106:557-64. 10. Sun C-R, Liu M-Y, Ni Q-H, Cai F, Tang F, Yu Z-Y, et al. Clinical Guidelines on Compression Therapy in Venous Diseases. Annals of Vascular Surgery. 2024. 11. Partsch H, Rockson SG. Compression therapy. Lymphedema: A Concise Compendium of Theory and Practice. 2018;:431-41. 12. Partsch H. Compression therapy: clinical and experimental evidence. Annals of vascular diseases. 2012;:ra-12.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Elif DUYGU-YILDIZ principal investigator
Abant Izzet Baysal University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Supervised Education Group and Brochure in people with Education, Competency-Based and Student, run by Abant Izzet Baysal University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 18 May 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Bandaging Skills (time frame: Baseline, and immediately after the intervention). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07592208, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 18 May 2026.