Healthy ChildrenDBTNCT07619807
Adapted Frenkle Exercises Versus Dynamic Balance Training in School Going Children
A study testing Adapted Frenkle Exercises and Dynamic Balance Training in people with Healthy Children, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
A randomized clinical trial will be conducted at Realm Educational School. Children aged 6-12 years will be randomly assigned to either the AFE or DBT group using convenient sampling. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 8 to 10 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Healthy Children
- What is being tested?
- Adapted Frenkle Exercises and Dynamic Balance Training
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 36 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- Jun 2026to 1 Aug 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 8 to 10 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child
Who may be able to join
- Healthy school-going children aged 8-10 years
- Both male and female participants
- No history of neurological, orthopedic, or developmental disorders
- Informed parental consent and child assent obtained
- MMSE score ≥ 24
- TUG score < 20 seconds
- Pediatric Berg Balance Scale score ≥ 40
Who cannot join
- History of diagnosed balance or coordination issues.
- Children with orthopedic and motor impairments.
- Behavior or attention disorders limiting participation.
- Neuromuscular conditions, Visual and mental disorders
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Khadija Liaquat MS-NMPT contact
Pakistan1 site
Riphah Rehabilitation Center, Riphah International University
Lahore, Punjab Province, 54000
Imran Amjad Phd, 03324390125, imran.amjad@riphah.edu.pk
Khadija Liaquat MS-NMPT, 03334956854, khadijaliaquat90@gmail.com
About this study
Official title: Comparison of Adapted Frenkel Exercises and Dynamic Balance Training on Balance, Gait, Mobility, and Motor Coordination in School-Going Children
A randomized clinical trial will be conducted at Realm Educational School. Children aged 6-12 years will be randomly assigned to either the AFE or DBT group using convenient sampling. Participants must be physically active and free from neurological, orthopedic, or cognitive impairments, while those with sensory impairments or recent musculoskeletal injuries will be excluded. Outcome measures will include the Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS), Y-Balance Test, Observational Gait Scale (OGS), Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and BOT-2. Pre- and post-intervention assessments will evaluate the effectiveness of both interventions on balance, gait, mobility, and motor coordination.
Read the detailed description
Balance, gait, mobility, and motor coordination are essential for the physical and functional development of school-going children and influence their participation in academic, recreational, and daily activities. The ages of 6-12 years represent a critical period for neuromuscular and postural maturation, making early motor interventions particularly effective. Deficits in these skills may result in reduced physical activity, poor posture, and social withdrawal. This study compares Adapted Frenkel Exercises (AFE), which focus on slow, visually guided, and controlled movements to enhance coordination and proprioception, with Dynamic Balance Training (DBT), which uses functional, task-specific activities such as balance beam walking, multidirectional stepping, and hopping to improve stability during movement. A randomized clinical trial will be conducted at Realm Educational School over 10 weeks (2 sessions per week). Each session will be of 40 minutes. Children aged 6-12 years will be randomly assigned to either the AFE or DBT group using convenient sampling. Participants must be physically active and free from neurological, orthopedic, or cognitive impairments, while those with sensory impairments or recent musculoskeletal injuries will be excluded. Outcome measures will include the Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS), Y-Balance Test, Observational Gait Scale (OGS), Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and BOT-2. Pre- and post-intervention assessments will evaluate the effectiveness of both interventions on balance, gait, mobility, and motor coordination.
- Conditions
- Healthy Children
- Being tested
- Adapted Frenkle Exercises, Dynamic Balance Training
- Keywords
- Balance, Motor coordination, Gait, Frenkel Exercises
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Adapted Frenkle ExercisesBehavioural
Participants will receive adapted Frenkel exercises progressing from simple to complex movements, focusing on controlled, precise lower-limb movements to improve coordination and balance.
Sitting: Controlled leg movements (side leg placement to floor markers, drawing shapes with toes, slow leg lifts).
Standing: Marching in place, side leg lifts, and controlled weight shifting. Walking drills: Straight-line walking with visual cues, step-and-stop walking, and figure-8 walking to negotiate obstacles.
Dynamic Balance TrainingBehavioural
Participants will receive dynamic balance training emphasizing postural control, coordination, strength, and functional balance through varied movement tasks.
Mat-based balance exercises Rope activities (e.g., jumping) Balance equipment and ground-based balance tasks Paired movements, rhythm and coordination activities, stepping stones, and non-dominant limb tasks
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Adapted Frenkle Exercises | Experimental | For 10 weeks, 40 minutes session, twice a week. Frenkle Exercises will be perform from simple to complex ones. These are coordinated exercises that improve motor function, proprioception and balance. Receives: Behavioral: Adapted Frenkle Exercises |
| Dynamic Balance Training | Experimental | For 10 weeks, dynamic balance training will be performed for 40 minutes in each session. These activities involve the sensory system and require muscle power and coordination. Receives: Behavioral: Dynamic Balance Training |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Pediatric Balance Scale
Assesses functional balance in children through 14 task-based items. Scale Range: 0-56 Interpretation: Higher scores indicate better balance performance.
Measured: 10 weeks
Y Balance Test - Pediatric version
The Y Balance Test is a dynamic balance assessment that measures a child's ability to maintain single-leg stance while reaching in three directions: anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral.
Scale Range: Reach distance measured in centimeters (%) normalized to limb length.
Interpretation: Higher reach distances indicate better dynamic balance and postural control.
Measured: 10 weeks
Observational Gait Scale
Evaluates gait parameters, including stance, swing, and foot placement during walking.
Scale Range: 0-22 Interpretation: Higher scores indicate better gait performance.
Measured: 10 weeks
Timed Up and Go Test
Measures functional mobility and dynamic balance during sit-to-stand, walking, turning, and sitting.
Scale Range: Measured in seconds (no fixed minimum or maximum score). Interpretation: Lower completion times indicate better functional mobility and balance performance.
Measured: 10 weeks
Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT-2) - Selected subtests
Assesses gross motor coordination, bilateral coordination, and balance in children.
Measured: 10 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted2 Jun 2026
- Study startJun 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion1 Jul 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion1 Aug 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Healthy ChildrenStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Riphah International UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 36 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Mehwish Javed, MS-PPT, Principal investigator, Riphah International University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07619807
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- RiphahIU- Mehwish
- Acronym
- DBT
- Status last verified
- Jun 2026
- First submitted
- 14 Dec 2025
- Last updated
- 2 Jun 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Mani H, Miyagishima S, Kozuka N, Inoue T, Hasegawa N, Asaka T. Development of the Relationships Among Dynamic Balance Control, Inter-limb Coordination, and Torso Coordination During Gait in Children Aged 3-10 Years. Front Hum Neurosci. 2021 Oct 28;15:740509. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.740509. eCollection 2021.
PubMed 34776908
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 2 Jun 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparison of Adapted Frenkel Exercises and Dynamic Balance Training on Balance, Gait, Mobility, and Motor Coordination in School-Going Children
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07619807
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- DBT / RiphahIU- Mehwish
- Conditions
- Healthy Children
- Keywords
- Balance, Motor coordination, Gait, Frenkel Exercises
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrolment
- 36 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- Jun 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 1 Jul 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 1 Aug 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 2 Jun 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
A randomized clinical trial will be conducted at Realm Educational School. Children aged 6-12 years will be randomly assigned to either the AFE or DBT group using convenient sampling. Participants must be physically active and free from neurological, orthopedic, or cognitive impairments, while those with sensory impairments or recent musculoskeletal injuries will be excluded. Outcome measures will include the Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS), Y-Balance Test, Observational Gait Scale (OGS), Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and BOT-2. Pre- and post-intervention assessments will evaluate the effectiveness of both interventions on balance, gait, mobility, and motor coordination.
Detailed description
Balance, gait, mobility, and motor coordination are essential for the physical and functional development of school-going children and influence their participation in academic, recreational, and daily activities. The ages of 6-12 years represent a critical period for neuromuscular and postural maturation, making early motor interventions particularly effective. Deficits in these skills may result in reduced physical activity, poor posture, and social withdrawal. This study compares Adapted Frenkel Exercises (AFE), which focus on slow, visually guided, and controlled movements to enhance coordination and proprioception, with Dynamic Balance Training (DBT), which uses functional, task-specific activities such as balance beam walking, multidirectional stepping, and hopping to improve stability during movement. A randomized clinical trial will be conducted at Realm Educational School over 10 weeks (2 sessions per week). Each session will be of 40 minutes. Children aged 6-12 years will be randomly assigned to either the AFE or DBT group using convenient sampling. Participants must be physically active and free from neurological, orthopedic, or cognitive impairments, while those with sensory impairments or recent musculoskeletal injuries will be excluded. Outcome measures will include the Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS), Y-Balance Test, Observational Gait Scale (OGS), Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and BOT-2. Pre- and post-intervention assessments will evaluate the effectiveness of both interventions on balance, gait, mobility, and motor coordination.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Adapted Frenkle Exercises | Experimental | Behavioral: Adapted Frenkle ExercisesFor 10 weeks, 40 minutes session, twice a week. Frenkle Exercises will be perform from simple to complex ones. These are coordinated exercises that improve motor function, proprioception and balance. |
| Dynamic Balance Training | Experimental | Behavioral: Dynamic Balance TrainingFor 10 weeks, dynamic balance training will be performed for 40 minutes in each session. These activities involve the sensory system and require muscle power and coordination. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 8 to 10 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Healthy school-going children aged 8-10 years
- Both male and female participants
- No history of neurological, orthopedic, or developmental disorders
- Informed parental consent and child assent obtained
- MMSE score ≥ 24
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- History of diagnosed balance or coordination issues.
- Children with orthopedic and motor impairments.
- Behavior or attention disorders limiting participation.
- Neuromuscular conditions, Visual and mental disorders
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Adapted Frenkle ExercisesParticipants will receive adapted Frenkel exercises progressing from simple to complex movements, focusing on controlled, precise lower-limb movements to improve coordination and balance. Sitting: Controlled leg movements (side leg placement to floor markers, drawing shapes with toes, slow leg lifts). Standing: Marching in place, side leg lifts, and controlled weight shifting. Walking drills: Straight-line walking with visual cues, step-and-stop walking, and figure-8 walking to negotiate obstacles. | Behavioural | Adapted Frenkle Exercises |
| Dynamic Balance TrainingParticipants will receive dynamic balance training emphasizing postural control, coordination, strength, and functional balance through varied movement tasks. Mat-based balance exercises Rope activities (e.g., jumping) Balance equipment and ground-based balance tasks Paired movements, rhythm and coordination activities, stepping stones, and non-dominant limb tasks | Behavioural | Dynamic Balance Training |
Primary outcome
Pediatric Balance Scale
Time frame: 10 weeks
Assesses functional balance in children through 14 task-based items. Scale Range: 0-56 Interpretation: Higher scores indicate better balance performance.
Y Balance Test - Pediatric version
Time frame: 10 weeks
The Y Balance Test is a dynamic balance assessment that measures a child's ability to maintain single-leg stance while reaching in three directions: anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral. Scale Range: Reach distance measured in centimeters (%) normalized to limb length. Interpretation: Higher reach distances indicate better dynamic balance and postural control.
Observational Gait Scale
Time frame: 10 weeks
Evaluates gait parameters, including stance, swing, and foot placement during walking. Scale Range: 0-22 Interpretation: Higher scores indicate better gait performance.
Timed Up and Go Test
Time frame: 10 weeks
Measures functional mobility and dynamic balance during sit-to-stand, walking, turning, and sitting. Scale Range: Measured in seconds (no fixed minimum or maximum score). Interpretation: Lower completion times indicate better functional mobility and balance performance.
Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT-2) - Selected subtests
Time frame: 10 weeks
Assesses gross motor coordination, bilateral coordination, and balance in children.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 2 Jun 2026.
- Background: PubMed 34776908Mani H, Miyagishima S, Kozuka N, Inoue T, Hasegawa N, Asaka T. Development of the Relationships Among Dynamic Balance Control, Inter-limb Coordination, and Torso Coordination During Gait in Children Aged 3-10 Years. Front Hum Neurosci. 2021 Oct 28;15:740509. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.740509. eCollection 2021.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Khadija Liaquat MS-NMPT contact
Mehwish Javed, MS-PPT principal investigator
Riphah International University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Adapted Frenkle Exercises and Dynamic Balance Training in people with Healthy Children, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 7 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 2 Jun 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Imran Amjad Phd (03324390125, imran.amjad@riphah.edu.pk), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Pediatric Balance Scale (time frame: 10 weeks). The study lists 5 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07619807, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 2 Jun 2026.