Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of DementiaMoCA-B TurkishNCT07630688
Validation and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (MoCA-B) in Individuals With Low Educational Level
An observational study of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia and Dementia, run by Antalya Training and Research Hospital at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This study aimed to evaluate the validity, reliability, and diagnostic accuracy of the Turkish version of MoCA-B in distinguishing healthy controls, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia patients within a low-education population. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 50 to 100 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia, Dementia, Dementia (Diagnosis)
- How many people
- 166 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Jan 2024to 30 Mar 2026
- Phase
- Observational
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 50 to 100 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: Adults aged 50-100 years presenting with memory complaints were recruited from the Neurology and Dementia outpatient clinics of Antalya Training and Research Hospital (January 2024-November 2025). Eligibility required low educational attainment (illiterate to primary school level). The study enrolled 166 participants, including healthy controls (n=55), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) cases (n=55), and dementia cases (n=56), all clinically characterized within routine specialty-care evaluation.
Who may be able to join
- Age 50-100 years
- Presented with memory complaints and were evaluated in the Neurology/Dementia outpatient clinics of Antalya Training and Research Hospital (Jan 2024-Nov 2025)
- Low educational attainment (illiterate to primary school level)
- Provided informed consent
Who cannot join
- Active psychiatric disorders / active psychopathology
- Intracranial mass lesions
- Secondary causes of dementia
- Severe medical conditions affecting cognition
- History of traumatic brain injury
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Neurology Department, University of Health Sciences (SBÜ), Türkiye
Antalya, Muratpaşa, 07030
About this study
Official title: Turkish Validity and Reliability Study of the MoCA-B Test
This study aimed to evaluate the validity, reliability, and diagnostic accuracy of the Turkish version of MoCA-B in distinguishing healthy controls, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia patients within a low-education population.
Read the detailed description
The prevalence of dementia is steadily increasing, and recognizing cognitive impairment at an early stage-especially during mild cognitive impairment (MCI), before full diagnostic criteria for dementia are met-is crucial. Cognitive screening tools used in individuals with low educational levels often fail to detect MCI. The illiterate version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is insufficient for identifying MCI and early dementia, resulting in delayed diagnosis. The MoCA-Basic (MoCA-B), adapted for low-educated populations and translated into Turkish, has not undergone a validation and reliability study; therefore, it is not routinely used in clinical practice. This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish MoCA- B in detecting MCI and dementia, and to compare its diagnostic performance with the MMSE and the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR).
This study included 55 patients with MCI, 56 with dementia, and 55 healthy controls (total n=166) who presented to the Dementia and Neurology Clinics of Antalya Training and Research Hospital between January 2024 and November 2025. After a detailed mental status examination, participants underwent MoCA-B, MMSE (illiterate version), and CDR assessments. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach's alpha, and test-retest reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Group differences were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc testing. Correlations between MoCA-B, MMSE, and CDR were evaluated with Pearson correlation. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed through ROC analyses, and optimal cut- off values were determined using the Youden index.
- Conditions
- Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia, Dementia, Dementia (Diagnosis), Dementia Alzheimer Type, Cognitive, Mild Cognitive Impairment
- Keywords
- MoCA-B, dementia, turkish, validity, reliability, MCI, MMSE, CDR
- Medical subject headings
- Behavior, Dementia, Disease, Alzheimer Disease, Cognitive Dysfunction
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Dementia | Patients who had dementia | |
| MCI | Patients who had mild cognitive impairment | |
| Control | Healthy controls |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
MoCA-B cut off points
Calculating cutoff values for dementia and MCI in untrained individuals using the MoCA-B test.
Measured: at baseline and after 4 weeks (test-retest)
Secondary outcomes (2)
Correlations of MoCA-B total score with MMSE and CDR
As a secondary endpoint, Pearson correlation (level of relationship) of the MoCA-B total score with MMSE and/or CDR total scores was evaluated to demonstrate concurrent criterion validity.
Measured: data were collected between January 2024 and November 2025.
Subdomain-level analyses
The subdomain-level analyses for the MoCA-B test aimed to determine which domains best facilitated diagnostic differentiation by evaluating, using ANOVA and post-hoc tests, whether subtest scores such as executive function, memory, and attention differed significantly between control, HKB, and dementia groups.
Measured: Data were collected between January 2024 and November 2025
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted5 Jun 2026
- Study start1 Jan 2024
- Primary completion1 Nov 2025
- Study completion30 Mar 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (23)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of DementiaStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Enrolment
- 166 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Antalya Training and Research Hospital
- Sponsor type
- Other government
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Ali Riza Gunduz, MD, Antalya Training and Research Hospital
- Investigators
- Aylin YAMAN, Prof. MD., Study chair, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Neurology Department, University of Health Sciences (SBÜ), TürkiyeAli Rıza GÜNDÜZ, MD, Study director, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Neurology Department, University of Health Sciences (SBÜ), Türkiye
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07630688
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2024-018
- Acronym
- MoCA-B Turkish
- Status last verified
- Jun 2026
- First submitted
- 2 Jun 2026
- Last updated
- 5 Jun 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: De-identified individual participant data underlying the primary and secondary analyses will be shared, including: participant age, sex, education level, diagnostic group (healthy control/MCI/dementia), MoCA-B total score and domain/subtest scores, MMSE total score and domain scores, CDR global score, comorbidity status, marital status, and family history of dementia. No direct identifiers (e.g., name, national ID, address, exact dates) will be shared; a data dictionary/codebook will accompany the dataset.
Publications
Siddiqui M, Nyahoda T, Traber C, Elliott S, Wang V, Toledo-Franco L, Rodin MB. Screening for Cognitive Impairment in Primary Care: Rationale and Tools. Mo Med. 2023 Nov-Dec;120(6):431-439.
PubMed 38144923Franzen S; European Consortium on Cross-Cultural Neuropsychology (ECCroN); Watermeyer TJ, Pomati S, Papma JM, Nielsen TR, Narme P, Mukadam N, Lozano-Ruiz A, Ibanez-Casas I, Goudsmit M, Fasfous A, Daugherty JC, Canevelli M, Calia C, van den Berg E, Bekkhus-Wetterberg P. Cross-cultural neuropsychological assessment in Europe: Position statement of the European Consortium on Cross-Cultural Neuropsychology (ECCroN). Clin Neuropsychol. 2022 Apr;36(3):546-557. doi: 10.1080/13854046.2021.1981456. Epub 2021 Oct 6.
PubMed 34612169Klil-Drori S, Phillips N, Fernandez A, Solomon S, Klil-Drori AJ, Chertkow H. Evaluation of a Telephone Version for the Montreal Cognitive Assessment: Establishing a Cutoff for Normative Data From a Cross-Sectional Study. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 2022 May;35(3):374-381. doi: 10.1177/08919887211002640. Epub 2021 Apr 16.
PubMed 33858238Carton C, Calafiore M, Cauet C, Messaadi N, Bayen M, Wyts D, Messaadi W, Richebe T, Bayen S. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) use in general practice for the early detection of cognitive impairment: a feasibility study. BJGP Open. 2025 Apr 24;9(1):BJGPO.2024.0039. doi: 10.3399/BJGPO.2024.0039. Print 2025 Apr.
PubMed 39168498Mulchandani R, Grover U, Ray S, Gandotra S, Dhamija RK, Lyngdoh T. Validating the Telephone Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale-Hindi as a Remote Screening Tool for Mild Cognitive Impairment. Cogn Behav Neurol. 2025 Jun 1;38(2):35-42. doi: 10.1097/WNN.0000000000000389.
PubMed 40129129Avcil, C., H. Bulut, and G. Hızlı Sayar, Psikiyatrik Hastalıklar ve Damgalama. Üsküdar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi,
Scheenen ME, van den Brink RHS, Konstantinidou S, Lugtenburg A, Spit J, Hendriks GJ, Naarding P, de Vent NR, Kessels RPC, Oude Voshaar RC, Jeuring HW. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) Norms for Older Patients with a Depressive Disorder. Med Sci (Basel). 2025 Dec 10;13(4):312. doi: 10.3390/medsci13040312.
PubMed 41440544Pinto JO, Dores AR, Peixoto B, Barbosa F. Ecological validity in neurocognitive assessment: Systematized review, content analysis, and proposal of an instrument. Appl Neuropsychol Adult. 2025 Mar-Apr;32(2):577-594. doi: 10.1080/23279095.2023.2170800. Epub 2023 Feb 8.
PubMed 36755377Atri A, Dickerson BC, Clevenger C, Karlawish J, Knopman D, Lin PJ, Norman M, Onyike C, Sano M, Scanland S, Carrillo M. The Alzheimer's Association clinical practice guideline for the diagnostic evaluation, testing, counseling, and disclosure of suspected Alzheimer's disease and related disorders (DETeCD-ADRD): Validated clinical assessment instruments. Alzheimers Dement. 2025 Jan;21(1):e14335. doi: 10.1002/alz.14335. Epub 2024 Dec 23.
PubMed 39713939Dickerson BC, Atri A, Clevenger C, Karlawish J, Knopman D, Lin PJ, Norman M, Onyike C, Sano M, Scanland S, Carrillo M. The Alzheimer's Association clinical practice guideline for the Diagnostic Evaluation, Testing, Counseling, and Disclosure of Suspected Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (DETeCD-ADRD): Executive summary of recommendations for specialty care. Alzheimers Dement. 2025 Jan;21(1):e14337. doi: 10.1002/alz.14337. Epub 2024 Dec 23.
PubMed 39713957Gugler K, Funk C, Brodelius P. Elicitor-induced tyrosine decarboxylase in berberine-synthesizing suspension cultures of Thalictrum rugosum. Eur J Biochem. 1988 Jan 4;170(3):661-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1988.tb13748.x.
PubMed 3338459Malek-Ahmadi M, Nikkhahmanesh N. Meta-analysis of Montreal cognitive assessment diagnostic accuracy in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Front Psychol. 2024 Feb 13;15:1369766. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1369766. eCollection 2024.
PubMed 38414877Luo H, Andersson B, Wong GHY, Lum TYS. Longitudinal measurement properties of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2022 Nov;44(9):627-639. doi: 10.1080/13803395.2022.2148634. Epub 2022 Nov 30.
PubMed 36448676Luo H, Andersson B, Tang JYM, Wong GHY. Applying Item Response Theory Analysis to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in a Low-Education Older Population. Assessment. 2020 Oct;27(7):1416-1428. doi: 10.1177/1073191118821733. Epub 2019 Jan 4.
PubMed 30607981White RS, Barber JM, Harp JP, Jicha GA. Examining the Effects of Formal Education Level on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. J Am Board Fam Med. 2022 Dec 23;35(6):1043-1057. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2022.220093R1.
PubMed 36564192