Gastric Content Aspiration RiskBBCMADENCT07638917
BBCMADE Nomogram Validation for High-Risk Gastric Content in Sedative Endoscopy
An observational study of Gastric Content Aspiration Risk and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, run by Fusun Gozen at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This prospective observational study aims to validate the BBCMADE nomogram (Body Mass Index, Brain infarction, Cirrhosis, Male sex, Age, Diabetes, Esophageal reflux) for predicting high-risk gastric content in patients undergoing elective sedative gastrointestinal endoscopy in a Turkish population. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Gastric Content Aspiration Risk, Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Anesthesia Complications
- What is being tested?
- BBCMADE Nomogram and Endoscopic Gastric Volume and pH Measurement
- How many people
- 533 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 20 Nov 2025to 31 Mar 2026
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: Consecutive adult patients presenting for elective sedative gastrointestinal endoscopy at Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital
Who may be able to join
- Age 18 years or older
- ASA physical status I-III
- Scheduled for elective gastrointestinal endoscopy under sedoanalgesia
- Deemed suitable for out-of-OR anesthesia by the anesthesiology outpatient clinic
- Provision of written informed consent
Who cannot join
- Age under 18 years
- Pregnancy or suspected pregnancy
- ASA physical status IV or higher
- Emergency procedures
- Unable or unwilling to provide informed consent
- History of upper airway obstructive pathology or difficult airway
- Not eligible for out-of-OR anesthesia
- Known hypersensitivity to anesthetic agents
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Türkiye
Bursa
About this study
Official title: Prospective Validation of the BBCMADE Nomogram for Predicting High-Risk Gastric Content in Patients Undergoing Elective Sedative Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
This prospective observational study aims to validate the BBCMADE nomogram (Body Mass Index, Brain infarction, Cirrhosis, Male sex, Age, Diabetes, Esophageal reflux) for predicting high-risk gastric content in patients undergoing elective sedative gastrointestinal endoscopy in a Turkish population. Nomogram-predicted risk scores will be compared against the gold standard - endoscopically measured gastric volume and content. High-risk gastric content is defined as gastric volume ≥25 mL, pH <2.5, or presence of solid content. The nomogram is a non-invasive, web-based, easily applicable screening tool that requires no additional training or equipment, and may contribute to safer anesthesia management by identifying high-risk patients prior to the procedure.
Read the detailed description
Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents accounts for 10-30% of anesthesia-related deaths. Standard fasting guidelines do not guarantee adequate gastric emptying in all patients. The BBCMADE nomogram, developed and validated by Yan et al. (2024) in a Chinese population, demonstrated high discriminatory power for predicting high-risk gastric residual content in outpatients undergoing sedative GI endoscopy. This study will prospectively evaluate its validity in a Turkish population (n=533).
The seven predictor variables (BMI, history of cerebral infarction, cirrhosis, male sex, age, diabetes, gastroesophageal reflux) will be recorded preoperatively and entered into the web-based nomogram interface. Endoscopic gastric volume measurement will serve as the gold standard. Discriminatory performance will be assessed by AUROC. Secondary analyses will include sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and subgroup analyses.
Sample size: 533 patients (prevalence ~13%, α=0.05, power=95%, 15% dropout allowance; calculated using G*Power 3).
- Being tested
- BBCMADE Nomogram, Endoscopic Gastric Volume and pH Measurement
- Keywords
- gastric volume, nomogram, BBCMADE, aspiration risk, sedation, residual gastric content, preoperative assessment
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
BBCMADE NomogramDiagnostic test
The BBCMADE nomogram (Body Mass Index, Brain infarction, Cirrhosis, Male sex, Age, Diabetes, Esophageal reflux) is applied to predict high-risk gastric content prior to elective sedative gastrointestinal endoscopy. Nomogram scores are compared against the gold standard endoscopic measurement of gastric volume and pH to prospectively validate the model in a Turkish population.
Endoscopic Gastric Volume and pH MeasurementDiagnostic test
Gold-standard assessment of gastric contents is performed during endoscopy. Gastric volume ≥25 mL, pH <2.5, or the presence of solid content is defined as high risk for pulmonary aspiration.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Study Cohort | Patients scheduled for elective sedative gastrointestinal endoscopy. Gastric volume and pH were measured endoscopically during the procedure. Patients were classified as high or low aspiration risk based on endoscopic measurements. The BBCMADE nomogram score was calculated for each patient and compared against the endoscopic findings to validate its predictive accuracy. Receives: Diagnostic Test: BBCMADE Nomogram; Diagnostic Test: Endoscopic Gastric Volume and pH Measurement |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Discriminatory Performance of the BBCMADE Nomogram
Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of the BBCMADE nomogram for predicting high-risk gastric content, defined as gastric volume ≥25 mL, pH <2.5, or presence of solid content, as confirmed by endoscopic measurement.
Measured: At time of procedure
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted10 Jun 2026
- Study start20 Nov 2025
- Primary completion20 Feb 2026
- Study completion31 Mar 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (4)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Gastric Content Aspiration RiskStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 533 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Fusun Gozen
- Sponsor type
- Other government
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Fusun Gozen, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital
- Investigators
- Füsun Gözen, Principal investigator, SBÜ Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07638917
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2024-TBEK 2025/10-09
- Acronym
- BBCMADE
- Status last verified
- Jun 2026
- First submitted
- 5 Jun 2026
- Last updated
- 10 Jun 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Individual participant data will not be shared. This is a single-center observational study conducted at a public hospital. Data sharing is not planned due to institutional privacy regulations and the absence of external funding requiring data sharing.
Publications
Yan Y, Jin Y, Cao Y, Chen C, Zhao X, Xia H, Yan L, Si Y, Zou J. Development and validation of a novel nomogram model to assess the risk of gastric contents in outpatients undergoing elective sedative gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2024 Feb;48(2):102277. doi: 10.1016/j.clinre.2023.102277. Epub 2023 Dec 28.
PubMed 38159677Phillips S, Liang SS, Formaz-Preston A, Stewart PA. High-risk residual gastric content in fasted patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy: a prospective cohort study of prevalence and predictors. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2015 Nov;43(6):728-33. doi: 10.1177/0310057X1504300610.
PubMed 26603797Friedrich K, Scholl SG, Beck S, Gotthardt D, Stremmel W, Rex DK; bng-Study-Group; Sieg A. Respiratory complications in outpatient endoscopy with endoscopist-directed sedation. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2014 Sep;23(3):255-9. doi: 10.15403/jgld.2014.1121.233.kf1.
PubMed 25267952Practice Guidelines for Preoperative Fasting and the Use of Pharmacologic Agents to Reduce the Risk of Pulmonary Aspiration: Application to Healthy Patients Undergoing Elective Procedures: An Updated Report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Preoperative Fasting and the Use of Pharmacologic Agents to Reduce the Risk of Pulmonary Aspiration. Anesthesiology. 2017 Mar;126(3):376-393. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000001452. No abstract available.
PubMed 28045707
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 10 Jun 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Prospective Validation of the BBCMADE Nomogram for Predicting High-Risk Gastric Content in Patients Undergoing Elective Sedative Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07638917
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- BBCMADE / 2024-TBEK 2025/10-09
- Keywords
- gastric volume, nomogram, BBCMADE, aspiration risk, sedation, residual gastric content, preoperative assessment
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 533 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Fusun GozenOther government
- Study start
- 20 Nov 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 20 Feb 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 31 Mar 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 10 Jun 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This prospective observational study aims to validate the BBCMADE nomogram (Body Mass Index, Brain infarction, Cirrhosis, Male sex, Age, Diabetes, Esophageal reflux) for predicting high-risk gastric content in patients undergoing elective sedative gastrointestinal endoscopy in a Turkish population. Nomogram-predicted risk scores will be compared against the gold standard - endoscopically measured gastric volume and content. High-risk gastric content is defined as gastric volume ≥25 mL, pH <2.5, or presence of solid content. The nomogram is a non-invasive, web-based, easily applicable screening tool that requires no additional training or equipment, and may contribute to safer anesthesia management by identifying high-risk patients prior to the procedure.
Detailed description
Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents accounts for 10-30% of anesthesia-related deaths. Standard fasting guidelines do not guarantee adequate gastric emptying in all patients. The BBCMADE nomogram, developed and validated by Yan et al. (2024) in a Chinese population, demonstrated high discriminatory power for predicting high-risk gastric residual content in outpatients undergoing sedative GI endoscopy. This study will prospectively evaluate its validity in a Turkish population (n=533).
The seven predictor variables (BMI, history of cerebral infarction, cirrhosis, male sex, age, diabetes, gastroesophageal reflux) will be recorded preoperatively and entered into the web-based nomogram interface. Endoscopic gastric volume measurement will serve as the gold standard. Discriminatory performance will be assessed by AUROC. Secondary analyses will include sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and subgroup analyses.
Sample size: 533 patients (prevalence ~13%, α=0.05, power=95%, 15% dropout allowance; calculated using G*Power 3).
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Study Cohort | – | Diagnostic Test: BBCMADE Nomogram, Diagnostic Test: Endoscopic Gastric Volume and pH MeasurementPatients scheduled for elective sedative gastrointestinal endoscopy. Gastric volume and pH were measured endoscopically during the procedure. Patients were classified as high or low aspiration risk based on endoscopic measurements. The BBCMADE nomogram score was calculated for each patient and compared against the endoscopic findings to validate its predictive accuracy. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- Consecutive adult patients presenting for elective sedative gastrointestinal endoscopy at Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Age 18 years or older
- ASA physical status I-III
- Scheduled for elective gastrointestinal endoscopy under sedoanalgesia
- Deemed suitable for out-of-OR anesthesia by the anesthesiology outpatient clinic
- Provision of written informed consent
Key exclusion criteria (8 listed)
- Age under 18 years
- Pregnancy or suspected pregnancy
- ASA physical status IV or higher
- Emergency procedures
- Unable or unwilling to provide informed consent
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| BBCMADE NomogramThe BBCMADE nomogram (Body Mass Index, Brain infarction, Cirrhosis, Male sex, Age, Diabetes, Esophageal reflux) is applied to predict high-risk gastric content prior to elective sedative gastrointestinal endoscopy. Nomogram scores are compared against the gold standard endoscopic measurement of gastric volume and pH to prospectively validate the model in a Turkish population. | Diagnostic test | Study Cohort |
| Endoscopic Gastric Volume and pH MeasurementGold-standard assessment of gastric contents is performed during endoscopy. Gastric volume ≥25 mL, pH <2.5, or the presence of solid content is defined as high risk for pulmonary aspiration. | Diagnostic test | Study Cohort |
Primary outcome
Discriminatory Performance of the BBCMADE Nomogram
Time frame: At time of procedure
Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of the BBCMADE nomogram for predicting high-risk gastric content, defined as gastric volume ≥25 mL, pH <2.5, or presence of solid content, as confirmed by endoscopic measurement.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 10 Jun 2026.
- Background: PubMed 38159677Yan Y, Jin Y, Cao Y, Chen C, Zhao X, Xia H, Yan L, Si Y, Zou J. Development and validation of a novel nomogram model to assess the risk of gastric contents in outpatients undergoing elective sedative gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2024 Feb;48(2):102277. doi: 10.1016/j.clinre.2023.102277. Epub 2023 Dec 28.
- Background: PubMed 26603797Phillips S, Liang SS, Formaz-Preston A, Stewart PA. High-risk residual gastric content in fasted patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy: a prospective cohort study of prevalence and predictors. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2015 Nov;43(6):728-33. doi: 10.1177/0310057X1504300610.
- Background: PubMed 25267952Friedrich K, Scholl SG, Beck S, Gotthardt D, Stremmel W, Rex DK; bng-Study-Group; Sieg A. Respiratory complications in outpatient endoscopy with endoscopist-directed sedation. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2014 Sep;23(3):255-9. doi: 10.15403/jgld.2014.1121.233.kf1.
- Background: PubMed 28045707Practice Guidelines for Preoperative Fasting and the Use of Pharmacologic Agents to Reduce the Risk of Pulmonary Aspiration: Application to Healthy Patients Undergoing Elective Procedures: An Updated Report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Preoperative Fasting and the Use of Pharmacologic Agents to Reduce the Risk of Pulmonary Aspiration. Anesthesiology. 2017 Mar;126(3):376-393. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000001452. No abstract available.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Individual participant data will not be shared. This is a single-center observational study conducted at a public hospital. Data sharing is not planned due to institutional privacy regulations and the absence of external funding requiring data sharing.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Füsun Gözen principal investigator
SBÜ Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Gastric Content Aspiration Risk and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, run by Fusun Gozen at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 8 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 10 Jun 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Discriminatory Performance of the BBCMADE Nomogram (time frame: At time of procedure). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07638917, which also lists 4 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 10 Jun 2026.