Lumbar Disc Herniation SurgeryVROOMNCT07778030
Virtual Reality Operating Room Tour and Preoperative Anxiety in Spinal Surgery Patients Experimental: "VR Operating Room Tour" - Participants Viewed a Five-minute Virtual Reality Video of Preoperative Preparation and the Operating Room the Night Before Surgery, Facilitated by a Nurse.
A study testing Virtual Reality Operating Room Tour in people with Lumbar Disc Herniation Surgery, run by Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This randomised controlled trial evaluated whether a nurse-facilitated virtual reality (VR) tour of the operating room reduces preoperative anxiety in adults awaiting lumbar disc herniation surgery. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Lumbar Disc Herniation Surgery
- What is being tested?
- Virtual Reality Operating Room Tour
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 58 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 10 Aug 2024to 26 May 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Scheduled for lumbar disc herniation surgery
- Aged over 18 and under 65 years
- Agreed to participate in the study
- Able to understand and communicate in Turkish
- Cooperative
- No hearing or perception impairment
Who cannot join
- Under 18 or over 65 years of age
- Declined to participate
- Unable to understand or communicate in Turkish
- Did not complete the study forms
- In the postoperative period
- Undergoing emergency surgery
- Hearing or perception impairment
- Diagnosis other than lumbar disc herniation
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University
Zonguldak, Turkey, 67100
About this study
Official title: Virtual Reality Operating Room Tour and Preoperative Anxiety in Spinal Surgery Patients: A Randomised Controlled Trial Study Design Study Type: Interventional Primary Purpose: Supportive Care Allocation: Randomized Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment Masking: None Enrollment: 58 (Actual) Conditions Lumbar Disc Herniation; Preoperative Anxiety Arms and Interventions Experimental: "VR Operating Room Tour" - Participants Viewed a Five-minute Virtual Reality Video of Preoperative Preparation and the Operating Room the Night Ongul
This randomised controlled trial evaluated whether a nurse-facilitated virtual reality (VR) tour of the operating room reduces preoperative anxiety in adults awaiting lumbar disc herniation surgery.
Read the detailed description
Preoperative anxiety is common among surgical patients and, when unaddressed, may be associated with greater anaesthetic requirements, more postoperative pain, and slower recovery. Standard preoperative information alone is often insufficient to relieve it, and evidence for a structured VR operating room tour in adult spinal surgery is limited.
Fifty-eight adults scheduled for elective lumbar disc herniation surgery at a university training and research hospital were randomly assigned in equal numbers to an intervention group or a control group. The night before surgery, the intervention group viewed an approximately five-minute VR video, facilitated by the nurse-researcher, showing preoperative preparation, transfer to and entry into the operating theatre, the waiting area, the operating room, and the postoperative care area; the video contained no images of surgical procedures. The control group received standard preoperative care. Surgical anxiety was measured before and after the intervention using the Surgical Anxiety Scale for Adult Patients.
The study aimed to determine whether a brief, low-cost, nurse-delivered VR operating room tour is an effective and feasible way to lower preoperative anxiety and could be incorporated into routine perioperative nursing care.
- Conditions
- Lumbar Disc Herniation Surgery
- Being tested
- Virtual Reality Operating Room Tour
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Virtual Reality Operating Room TourBehavioural
Virtual Realiaty Tour praperd for patients with VR glasses in 5 minutes
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Arm 1 - Experimental | Experimental | VR Operating Room Tour" - Participants viewed a five-minute virtual reality video of preoperative preparation and the operating room the night before surgery, facilitated by a nurse. Receives: Behavioral: Virtual Reality Operating Room Tour |
| Arm 2 | No intervention | No Intervention: "Standard Care" - Participants received standard preoperative care. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Surgical anxiety
Change in surgical anxiety, measured by the Surgical Anxiety Scale for Adult Patients. Time Frame: before the intervention (night before surgery) and after the intervention.
Measured: 12 hours before enrolment and, 5 minutes enrollment The Surgical Anxiety Scale for Adult Patients (SAS-A) was used to assess Surgical anxiety. The scale comprises 17 items Total scores range from 0 to 68, with no established cut-off, and higher scores.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted21 Aug 2026
- Study start10 Aug 2024
- Primary completion10 Dec 2024
- Study completion26 May 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (3)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Lumbar Disc Herniation SurgeryStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Randomized Clinical Trial, intervention group and control group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 58 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Nurten TAŞDEMİR, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07778030
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2024-400
- Acronym
- VROOM
- Status last verified
- Aug 2026
- First submitted
- 7 Aug 2026
- Last updated
- 21 Aug 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Individual participant data will not be shared. The study was conducted as a master's thesis under an ethics approval and informed consent framework that did not include provisions for sharing individual-level data. De-identified data may be made available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request, subject to ethics committee approval.
Publications
Hoffman HG, Patterson DR, Magula J, Carrougher GJ, Zeltzer K, Dagadakis S, Sharar SR. Water-friendly virtual reality pain control during wound care. J Clin Psychol. 2004 Feb;60(2):189-95. doi: 10.1002/jclp.10244.
PubMed 14724926Guo C, Deng H, Yang J. Effect of virtual reality distraction on pain among patients with hand injury undergoing dressing change. J Clin Nurs. 2015 Jan;24(1-2):115-20. doi: 10.1111/jocn.12626. Epub 2014 Jun 4.
PubMed 24899241Boeke S, Duivenvoorden HJ, Verhage F, Zwaveling A. Prediction of postoperative pain and duration of hospitalization using two anxiety measures. Pain. 1991 Jun;45(3):293-297. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(91)90053-Z.
PubMed 1876438
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 21 Aug 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Virtual Reality Operating Room Tour and Preoperative Anxiety in Spinal Surgery Patients: A Randomised Controlled Trial Study Design Study Type: Interventional Primary Purpose: Supportive Care Allocation: Randomized Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment Masking: None Enrollment: 58 (Actual) Conditions Lumbar Disc Herniation; Preoperative Anxiety Arms and Interventions Experimental: "VR Operating Room Tour" - Participants Viewed a Five-minute Virtual Reality Video of Preoperative Preparation and the Operating Room the Night Ongul
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07778030
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- VROOM / 2024-400
- Conditions
- Lumbar Disc Herniation Surgery
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 58 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 10 Aug 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 10 Dec 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 26 May 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 21 Aug 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This randomised controlled trial evaluated whether a nurse-facilitated virtual reality (VR) tour of the operating room reduces preoperative anxiety in adults awaiting lumbar disc herniation surgery.
Detailed description
Preoperative anxiety is common among surgical patients and, when unaddressed, may be associated with greater anaesthetic requirements, more postoperative pain, and slower recovery. Standard preoperative information alone is often insufficient to relieve it, and evidence for a structured VR operating room tour in adult spinal surgery is limited.
Fifty-eight adults scheduled for elective lumbar disc herniation surgery at a university training and research hospital were randomly assigned in equal numbers to an intervention group or a control group. The night before surgery, the intervention group viewed an approximately five-minute VR video, facilitated by the nurse-researcher, showing preoperative preparation, transfer to and entry into the operating theatre, the waiting area, the operating room, and the postoperative care area; the video contained no images of surgical procedures. The control group received standard preoperative care. Surgical anxiety was measured before and after the intervention using the Surgical Anxiety Scale for Adult Patients.
The study aimed to determine whether a brief, low-cost, nurse-delivered VR operating room tour is an effective and feasible way to lower preoperative anxiety and could be incorporated into routine perioperative nursing care.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Randomized Clinical Trial, intervention group and control group
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Arm 1 - Experimental | Experimental | Behavioral: Virtual Reality Operating Room TourVR Operating Room Tour" - Participants viewed a five-minute virtual reality video of preoperative preparation and the operating room the night before surgery, facilitated by a nurse. |
| Arm 2 | No intervention | –No Intervention: "Standard Care" - Participants received standard preoperative care. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Scheduled for lumbar disc herniation surgery
- Aged over 18 and under 65 years
- Agreed to participate in the study
- Able to understand and communicate in Turkish
- Cooperative
Key exclusion criteria (8 listed)
- Under 18 or over 65 years of age
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Virtual Reality Operating Room TourVirtual Realiaty Tour praperd for patients with VR glasses in 5 minutes | Behavioural | Arm 1 - Experimental |
Primary outcome
Surgical anxiety
Time frame: 12 hours before enrolment and, 5 minutes enrollment The Surgical Anxiety Scale for Adult Patients (SAS-A) was used to assess Surgical anxiety. The scale comprises 17 items Total scores range from 0 to 68, with no established cut-off, and higher scores.
Change in surgical anxiety, measured by the Surgical Anxiety Scale for Adult Patients. Time Frame: before the intervention (night before surgery) and after the intervention.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 21 Aug 2026.
- Results publication: PubMed 14724926Hoffman HG, Patterson DR, Magula J, Carrougher GJ, Zeltzer K, Dagadakis S, Sharar SR. Water-friendly virtual reality pain control during wound care. J Clin Psychol. 2004 Feb;60(2):189-95. doi: 10.1002/jclp.10244.
- Results publication: PubMed 24899241Guo C, Deng H, Yang J. Effect of virtual reality distraction on pain among patients with hand injury undergoing dressing change. J Clin Nurs. 2015 Jan;24(1-2):115-20. doi: 10.1111/jocn.12626. Epub 2014 Jun 4.
- Results publication: PubMed 1876438Boeke S, Duivenvoorden HJ, Verhage F, Zwaveling A. Prediction of postoperative pain and duration of hospitalization using two anxiety measures. Pain. 1991 Jun;45(3):293-297. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(91)90053-Z.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Individual participant data will not be shared. The study was conducted as a master's thesis under an ethics approval and informed consent framework that did not include provisions for sharing individual-level data. De-identified data may be made available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request, subject to ethics committee approval.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Virtual Reality Operating Room Tour in people with Lumbar Disc Herniation Surgery, run by Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 8 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 21 Aug 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Surgical anxiety (time frame: 12 hours before enrolment and, 5 minutes enrollment The Surgical Anxiety Scale for Adult Patients (SAS-A) was used to assess Surgical anxiety. The scale comprises 17 items Total scores range from 0 to 68, with no established cut-off, and higher scores.). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07778030, which also lists 3 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 21 Aug 2026.