Fall Prevention Pathways

The number of sit-to-stand maneuvers completed in 30 seconds is used to measure leg strength and endurance. A higher score is better.

Gait speed testing (Forward/Backwards/Fast): How quickly a person can walk within a 20-foot distance forward and Backwards using GAITRite. GAITRite is a pressure-sensitive walkway that can assess gait anomalies. Lower scores are better.

Measures the time it takes to rise from a chair, walk 3 meters, turn around, and return to the chair in the simple condition. In the Cognitive condition, one is required to simultaneously count backward by 3s from a number between 20 and 100; in the Manual condition, one is required to simultaneously pick up a cup of water and carry it while completing the task. A lower score is a better outcome.

The tandem stance in the 4-Stage Balance Test is a static balance position where the participant stands with one foot directly in front of the other, with the heel of the front foot touching the toes of the back foot. It assesses static balance and postural stability by significantly narrowing your base of support. Screens for fall risk, specifically in older adults.

Scoring: Time tracked: Measured using a stopwatch up to 10 seconds with eyes open. Pass criteria: Must maintain the heel-to-toe position for 10 full seconds without moving the feet or grabbing support/the tester.

Stop condition: The test stops immediately if the person cannot reach the 10-second mark, meaning their final score is recorded at the highest stage successfully completed.

The SF12 evaluates the level of activity and perceived physical and mental quality of life.

The SF-12 uses a standardized system with scores ranging from 0 to 100, where the general population's average is 50, with higher scores indicating better health. Because it measures relative deviation, the numbers represent the following health levels:

Above 50: Better than average health. Exactly 50: Average health status. 40 to 50: Below average health (mild disability or impairment). 30 to 40: Moderate disability or impairment. Below 40: Severe impairment or disability.

The Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I) measures a person's level of concern or fear about falling while performing 16 everyday indoor and outdoor activities. Each activity is rated on a 4-point Likert scale from 1 to 4; with 1 = Not at all concerned; 2 = Somewhat concerned; 3 = Fairly concerned and 4 = Very concerned. All 16 item scores are added together for the final sum.

Minimum Score: 16 (indicates no concern about falling) Maximum Score: 64 (indicates severe or extreme concern about falling)

The Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale is a 16-item self-report questionnaire used to measure an individual's confidence in performing daily activities without losing their balance or feeling unsteady. Participants rate their self-confidence on a percentage scale from 0% (no confidence) to 100% (completely confident) for 16 specific tasks.

The total score is added for all 16 items and divided by 16 to get the average percentage score.

≥ 80%: Indicates a high level of physical functioning and balance confidence. 50% to 80%: Indicates a moderate level of physical functioning. < 50%: Indicates a low level of physical functioning.

Higher scores indicate a higher level of functioning and a lower risk of falling, while lower scores (below 67%) often indicate a higher risk of falling.

Score Interpretation:

16-19: Low concern about falling 20-27: Moderate concern about falling 28-64: High concern about falling

The PASE score combines information on leisure, household, and occupational activity. The PASE assesses the types of activities typically chosen by older adults (walking, recreational activities, exercise, housework, yard work, and caring for others. It uses frequency, duration, and intensity level of activity over the previous week to assign a score, ranging from 0 to 793, with higher scores indicating greater physical activity.

The Net Promoter Score (NPS) will be used to measure the participants' satisfaction. A Net Promoter Score (NPS) is a customer loyalty and satisfaction metric that measures how likely a person is to recommend a company, product, or service to a friend or colleague. Businesses ask one simple survey question: "On a scale of 0 to 10, how likely are you to recommend us?"

Promoters (Score 9-10): Loyal and enthusiastic fans who will keep buying and tell others.

Passives (Score 7-8): Satisfied customers who are unenthusiastic and vulnerable to competitors.

Detractors (Score 0-6): Unhappy customers who can damage your brand through negative word-of-mouth