Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)NCT07848217
A Digital Escape Room to Teach Medical Students About Antimicrobial Resistance Using the One Health Approach
A study testing AMRageddon in people with Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), run by Norwegian University of Science and Technology at 2 sites in 2 countries.
Trial summary
The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of a One Health-based educational intervention in final-year medical students from two universities in Norway and Zambia. The main question it aims to answer is: 1. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)
- What is being tested?
- AMRageddon
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 141 participants
- Where
- 2 sitesin 2 countries
- Study dates
- 4 Sep 2024to 15 Feb 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Above the age 18 years
- Have access to internet
- Have access to a laptop, tablet or phone
- Must be enrolled at either NTNU or LAMU
Who cannot join
- Below the age 18 years
- Not enrolled at either of the pre-determined institutions
Trial locations and contacts
2 sites in 2 countries.
2 sites in 2 countries
Norway1 site
Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Trondheim, Trøndelag
About this study
Official title: AMRageddon: The Effect of a Digital Escape Room to Teach Medical Students About Antimicrobial Resistance Using the One Health Approach
The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of a One Health-based educational intervention in final-year medical students from two universities in Norway and Zambia.
The main question it aims to answer is:
Read more
- Does AMRageddon improve total AMR knowledge scores, particularly in clinical case reasoning, compared with traditional lectures?
- Does AMRageddon enhance students' awareness of AMR and One Health principles more effectively than lectures?
Researchers will compare students who receive AMRageddon (intervention arm) with students who receive lecture-based teaching (control arm) to see if the gamified approach leads to greater improvements in knowledge, awareness, and behaviour.
Participants will:
- Attend either a gamified interactive session (AMRageddon) or a standard lecture-based session on AMR.
- Complete a baseline questionnaire assessing AMR knowledge, awareness, and behaviour.
- Complete a follow-up questionnaire one month after the educational session to evaluate changes in outcomes.
- Conditions
- Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)
- Being tested
- AMRageddon
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
AMRageddonOther
AMRageddon is a digital escape room game created by the research team. The app uses gamification and game-elements to increase user engagement and to deliver information to partiapnts. AMRageddon is based on the WHO Health Workers Education and Training on Antimicrobial Resistance Curricula Guide and WHO Competency Framework for Health Workers' Education and Training on Antimicrobial Resistance.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention Group: AMRageddon | Experimental | Medical students will be asked to use AMRageddon in place of attending a standard pre-established lecture during their academic training. The participants will be asked to complete a baseline questionnaire, and a questionnaire following the intervention set 4 weeks later. Receives: Other: AMRageddon |
| Control Group: Standard Lecture | No intervention | Students will receive the standard format of learning of AMR and One Health during their lecture. The participants will have to complete a baseline questionnaire and a follow up questionnaire 4 weeks after the intervention. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in the knowledge, attitudes, and perception of participants towards antibiotics and One Health.
A pre- and post-test will be shared to the students prior and after the intervention. This will be in the format of a questionnaire.
The primary outcome was a knowledge test with 24 questions with subsections including clinical decision making skills assessment (8 questions), knowledge (4), awareness (4) and behaviour assessments (4). A correct score was awarded 1 point.
Measured: Baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted29 Sep 2026
- Study start4 Sep 2024
- Primary completion11 Feb 2025
- Study completion15 Feb 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)Studies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 141 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Anya A Nowbuth, Norwegian University of Science and Technology
- Investigators
- Vikram S Parmar, PhD, Study chair, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)Aslak I Steinsbekk, PhD, Study chair, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07848217
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Project No: 949327100
- Status last verified
- Oct 2026
- First submitted
- 26 Sep 2025
- Last updated
- 9 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: IPD will not be shared because participant consent and privacy protections do not permit sharing of de-identified individual-level data beyond the study team.
Publications
Nowbuth, A.A., Parmar, V.S., Elizo, A.P., Steinsbekk, A.I., Parmar, A.J. (2025). AMRageddon V1: The Design and Usability Evaluation of a Digital Escape Room Game for Antimicrobial Resistance Education Through Persuasive Technology. In: Win, K.T., Ali, R., Karapanos, E., Papadopoulos, G.A., Oyibo, K., Vlahu-Gjorgievska, E. (eds) Persuasive Technology. PERSUASIVE 2025. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 15711. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-94959-3_18
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 9 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- AMRageddon: The Effect of a Digital Escape Room to Teach Medical Students About Antimicrobial Resistance Using the One Health Approach
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07848217
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Project No: 949327100
- Conditions
- Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 141 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
- Study start
- 4 Sep 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 11 Feb 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 15 Feb 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 29 Sep 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of a One Health-based educational intervention in final-year medical students from two universities in Norway and Zambia.
The main question it aims to answer is:
- Does AMRageddon improve total AMR knowledge scores, particularly in clinical case reasoning, compared with traditional lectures?
- Does AMRageddon enhance students' awareness of AMR and One Health principles more effectively than lectures?
Researchers will compare students who receive AMRageddon (intervention arm) with students who receive lecture-based teaching (control arm) to see if the gamified approach leads to greater improvements in knowledge, awareness, and behaviour.
Participants will:
- Attend either a gamified interactive session (AMRageddon) or a standard lecture-based session on AMR.
- Complete a baseline questionnaire assessing AMR knowledge, awareness, and behaviour.
- Complete a follow-up questionnaire one month after the educational session to evaluate changes in outcomes.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention Group: AMRageddon | Experimental | Other: AMRageddonMedical students will be asked to use AMRageddon in place of attending a standard pre-established lecture during their academic training. The participants will be asked to complete a baseline questionnaire, and a questionnaire following the intervention set 4 weeks later. |
| Control Group: Standard Lecture | No intervention | –Students will receive the standard format of learning of AMR and One Health during their lecture. The participants will have to complete a baseline questionnaire and a follow up questionnaire 4 weeks after the intervention. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Above the age 18 years
- Have access to internet
- Have access to a laptop, tablet or phone
- Must be enrolled at either NTNU or LAMU
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Below the age 18 years
- Not enrolled at either of the pre-determined institutions
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| AMRageddonAMRageddon is a digital escape room game created by the research team. The app uses gamification and game-elements to increase user engagement and to deliver information to partiapnts. AMRageddon is based on the WHO Health Workers Education and Training on Antimicrobial Resistance Curricula Guide and WHO Competency Framework for Health Workers' Education and Training on Antimicrobial Resistance. | Other | Intervention Group: AMRageddon |
Primary outcome
Change in the knowledge, attitudes, and perception of participants towards antibiotics and One Health.
Time frame: Baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention.
A pre- and post-test will be shared to the students prior and after the intervention. This will be in the format of a questionnaire. The primary outcome was a knowledge test with 24 questions with subsections including clinical decision making skills assessment (8 questions), knowledge (4), awareness (4) and behaviour assessments (4). A correct score was awarded 1 point.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 9 Oct 2026.
- BackgroundNowbuth, A.A., Parmar, V.S., Elizo, A.P., Steinsbekk, A.I., Parmar, A.J. (2025). AMRageddon V1: The Design and Usability Evaluation of a Digital Escape Room Game for Antimicrobial Resistance Education Through Persuasive Technology. In: Win, K.T., Ali, R., Karapanos, E., Papadopoulos, G.A., Oyibo, K., Vlahu-Gjorgievska, E. (eds) Persuasive Technology. PERSUASIVE 2025. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 15711. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-94959-3_18
- Official website from NTNULink provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. IPD will not be shared because participant consent and privacy protections do not permit sharing of de-identified individual-level data beyond the study team.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Vikram S Parmar, PhD study chair
Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
Aslak I Steinsbekk, PhD study chair
Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
2 sites in 2 countries: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing AMRageddon in people with Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), run by Norwegian University of Science and Technology at 2 sites in 2 countries.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 9 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 2 sites in Norway, Zambia. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in the knowledge, attitudes, and perception of participants towards antibiotics and One Health. (time frame: Baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention.). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07848217, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 9 Oct 2026.