Social IsolationTACTICENCT07858240
The Impact of Long-term Isolation in Antarctica on Social Touch and Its Underlying Biological Mechanisms in Winter-over Crew Members, Assessed During Their Stay Using Standardized Touch Stimulation, Computer-based Touch Sensitivity Tests, Questionnaires and Biological Markers.
An observational study of Social Isolation and Isolated Confined and Extreme Conditions, run by Vrije Universiteit Brussel.
Trial summary
TACTICE investigates how long-term isolation and reduced social touch during an Antarctic winter-over affect the way people perceive and respond to touch. The study will follow winter-over crew members at Concordia Station in Antarctica during the 2027 and 2028 seasons. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Social Isolation, Isolated Confined and Extreme Conditions
- How many people
- 28 participants
- Where
- No sites listed yet
- Study dates
- Oct 2026to Feb 2031
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: Winter-over Crew members in Concordia Station in Antarctica
Who may be able to join
- Member of the Concordia Station winter-over crew for the 2027 or 2028 Antarctic winter-over season and willing to participate in the study.
Who cannot join
- No study-specific exclusion criteria.
Trial locations and contacts
No sites are listed yet. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
About this study
Official title: Touching the Void: An Investigation Into the Role of a Population of Gentle Touch-Sensitive C-Tactile Afferents in Social Isolation and Somatosensory Deprivation During a Long-Duration Antarctic Stay.
TACTICE investigates how long-term isolation and reduced social touch during an Antarctic winter-over affect the way people perceive and respond to touch. The study will follow winter-over crew members at Concordia Station in Antarctica during the 2027 and 2028 seasons.
The study focuses on so-called C-tactile (CT) sensitivity. CT afferents are specialized nerve fibers in the skin that are known to be involved in the pleasant and regulatory effects of social touch. They may also play a role in how prolonged social isolation affects people during a long-term mission in an isolated, confined, and extreme (ICE) environment.
Read more
Participants will be assessed repeatedly before, during and after their stay. CT sensitivity will be measured using standardized touch stimulation and computer-based tasks involving touch-related stimuli. Participants will also complete questionnaires on social touch, loneliness, stress, relationships and coping. Saliva and blood samples will be collected to measure biological markers related to stress regulation and social processes, including cortisol and oxytocin.
The main hypothesis is that prolonged isolation and reduced opportunities for social touch change CT sensitivity and reduce an important source of stress regulation. These changes are expected to become more pronounced with time spent at the station and to be related to changes in stress responses, behaviour, attitudes and interpersonal functioning. The study aims to improve understanding of how people adapt to prolonged isolation and confinement and may help inform the planning of future long-duration missions in remote and extreme environments, including space missions.
- Being tested
- No Intervention: Observational Cohort
- Medical subject headings
- Social Isolation
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
No Intervention: Observational CohortOther
TACTICE is considered an observational study because the exposure of interest(i.e., long-term isolation and confinement during an Antarctic winter-over at Concordia Station) is not assigned by the study investigators. Participants are winter-over crew members who will stay at Concordia independently of their participation in TACTICE. The study follows this predefined cohort prospectively and repeatedly over time to observe changes in CT sensitivity, stress-related biological markers, behaviour, attitudes and interpersonal functioning. The protocol therefore describes TACTICE as a "longitudinal study with a naturalistic design. The standardized touch stimulation, computer-based tasks, questionnaires, saliva sampling and blood sampling are used as study assessments to measure outcomes over time and not as therapeutic or diagnostic interventions.
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in experiential C-tactile (CT) sensitivity assessed by pleasantness and intensity ratings on a Visual Analog Scale ranging from -10 to +10 using the Manual Tactile Stimulator.
Experiential CT sensitivity will be assessed using standardized stroking touch, delivered with a mechanic Manual Tactile Stimulator tool to the forearm and palm at three velocities (0.3, 3, and 30 cm/s), using smooth and ribbed probe surfaces. Participants rate perceived pleasantness and intensity on a Visual Analog Scale ranging from -10 to +10. Changes in VAS scores across repeated assessments will be used to characterize experiential CT sensitivity over time.
Measured: Baseline (approximately 2-3 months before departure); Month 1, Month 4, Month 7, Month 10, and Month 12 during the Antarctic winter-over; 6 months post-mission; and 2 years post-mission.
Change in vicarious C-tactile (CT) sensitivity assessed by pleasantness and intensity ratings on a Visual Analog Scale ranging from -10 to +10 using the Vicarious Touch Task
Vicarious CT sensitivity will be assessed using standardized 6-second videos depicting interpersonal touch at different body locations and velocities. Participants rate the perceived pleasantness and intensity of the observed touch on a Visual Analog Scale ranging from -10 to +10. Changes in ratings across repeated assessments will be used to characterize vicarious CT sensitivity over time.
Measured: Baseline (approximately 2-3 months before departure); Month 1, Month 4, Month 7, Month 10, and Month 12 during the Antarctic winter-over; 6 months post-mission; and 2 years post-mission.
Secondary outcomes (6)
Change in behavioral C-tactile (CT) sensitivity assessed by interpersonal space boundary using the Footstep Task with response time in milliseconds (ms).
Interpersonal space boundary will be assessed using an auditory stop-distance paradigm. Participants listen to approaching footsteps and press a key when the approaching person makes them feel uncomfortable. The outcome measure is the response time in milliseconds (ms) from stimulus onset to the stop response. Changes in response time across repeated assessments will be used as an indirect behavioral measure associated with CT sensitivity.
Measured: Baseline (approximately 2-3 months before departure); Month 1, Month 4, Month 7, Month 10, and Month 12 during the Antarctic winter-over; 6 months post-mission; and 2 years post-mission.
Change in neurobiophysiological C-tactile (CT) sensitivity assessed by salivary cortisol concentration (µg/L) measured by saliva sampling and analyses
Salivary cortisol concentration concentration will be measured as a neuroendocrine marker of HPA-axis stress regulation associated with C-tactile (CT)-mediated touch. Saliva samples are collected on one combined sampling evening and morning per month. One sample is collected before bedtime and three samples are collected in the following morning: immediately after awakening, 30 minutes after awakening, and 60 minutes after awakening. Cortisol concentrations (µg/L) and the cortisol awakening response (CAR) will be evaluated across repeated assessments over time.
Measured: Baseline (approximately 2-3 months before departure); monthly during the Antarctic winter-over; 6 months post-mission; and 2 years post-mission.
Change in neurobiophysiological C-tactile (CT) sensitivity assessed by plasma oxytocin concentration (pg/ml) measured by blood sampling and analyses
Plasma oxytocin concentration will be measured from blood samples as a neuroendocrine marker associated with affiliative social touch and the rewarding neurobiology of C-tactile (CT)-mediated touch. Changes in plasma oxytocin concentration (pg/ml) will be evaluated across repeated assessments over time.
Measured: Baseline (approximately 2-3 months before departure); Month 1, Month 4, Month 7, Month 10, and Month 12 during the Antarctic winter-over; 6 months post-mission; and 2 years post-mission.
Change in psychosocial and behavioral characteristics associated with C-tactile (CT) sensitivity assessed using standardized questionnaires with total and/or subscale questionnaire scores.
Psychosocial and behavioral characteristics will be assessed using the Touch Experiences and Attitudes Questionnaire - short version (TEAQ-s), Brief COPE, UCLA Loneliness Scale, Experiences in Close Relationships - Short Form (ECR-S), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). These questionnaires assess social touch experiences and attitudes, coping strategies, loneliness and social isolation, attachment anxiety and avoidance, and state/trait anxiety, respectively. The outcome measures are the total and/or subscale questionnaire scores, calculated according to the scoring procedures of each instrument. Changes in these scores will be assessed across repeated measurements over time.
Measured: Baseline (approximately 2-3 months before departure); Month 1, Month 4, Month 7, Month 10, and Month 12 during the Antarctic winter-over; 6 months post-mission; and 2 years post-mission.
Change in behavioral and psychosocial adaptation associated with C-tactile (CT) sensitivity assessed using the 15-item ICE-Psychosocial Monitoring Scale with scores on a Visual Analog Scale (VAS-score 0-10).
Psychosocial adaptation during isolation and confinement will be assessed using the 15-item VAS-based ICE-Psychosocial Monitoring Scale. The scale assesses physical touch deprivation/contact need, social contact and interpersonal connection, situational/temporal loneliness, attachment and separation distress, and somatic self-soothing/physical regulation. Changes in VAS-based scores will be assessed across repeated measurements over time.
Measured: Baseline (approximately 2-3 months before departure); monthly during the Antarctic winter-over; 6 months post-mission; and 2 years post-mission.
Change in tactile sensory performance associated with C-tactile (CT) sensitivity measured with the Brain Gauge Tactile Reaction Time Test (TRTT) using reaction-time and discrimination outcomes.
Tactile sensory performance will be assessed using the Brain Gauge TRTT, a mouse-like device that delivers gentle tactile vibrations to the fingertips. The test battery includes simple reaction time, amplitude discrimination, temporal order judgment, and duration discrimination. Time-related outcomes will be expressed in milliseconds (ms). Changes in reaction-time and discrimination measures will be assessed across repeated measurements over time.
Measured: Baseline (approximately 2-3 months before departure); Month 1, Month 4, Month 7, Month 10, and Month 12 during the Antarctic winter-over; 6 months post-mission; and 2 years post-mission.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted5 Oct 2026
- Study startOct 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completionFeb 2031 (estimated)
- Study completionFeb 2031 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (5)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Social IsolationStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Vrije Universiteit BrusselThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 28 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Belgium: Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO), European Space Agency, Institut Polaire Français Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV)
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07858240
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- EC-2026-106
- Acronym
- TACTICE
- Status last verified
- Aug 2026
- First submitted
- 7 Sep 2026
- Last updated
- 5 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Individual participant data are not planned to be shared with researchers outside the study consortium and sponsoring organizations. Study findings will be disseminated through scientific publications and presentations.
Publications
Walker SC, Trotter PD, Swaney WT, Marshall A, Mcglone FP. C-tactile afferents: Cutaneous mediators of oxytocin release during affiliative tactile interactions? Neuropeptides. 2017 Aug;64:27-38. doi: 10.1016/j.npep.2017.01.001. Epub 2017 Jan 19.
PubMed 28162847McGlone F, Wessberg J, Olausson H. Discriminative and affective touch: sensing and feeling. Neuron. 2014 May 21;82(4):737-55. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.05.001.
PubMed 24853935Van Puyvelde M, Gijbels D, Van Caelenberg T, Smith N, Bessone L, Buckle-Charlesworth S, Pattyn N. Living on the edge: How to prepare for it? Front Neuroergon. 2022 Dec 14;3:1007774. doi: 10.3389/fnrgo.2022.1007774. eCollection 2022.
PubMed 38235444Butti N, Ferrari E, Oldrati V, Biffi E, Gagliardi C, Romaniello R, Strazzer S, Borgatti R, Urgesi C. News insights into social cognition in Williams syndrome from a comprehensive assessment and a virtual reality task. Sci Rep. 2024 Nov 14;14(1):28020. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-79289-z.
PubMed 39543275Ackerley R, Backlund Wasling H, Liljencrantz J, Olausson H, Johnson RD, Wessberg J. Human C-tactile afferents are tuned to the temperature of a skin-stroking caress. J Neurosci. 2014 Feb 19;34(8):2879-83. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2847-13.2014.
PubMed 24553929
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 5 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Touching the Void: An Investigation Into the Role of a Population of Gentle Touch-Sensitive C-Tactile Afferents in Social Isolation and Somatosensory Deprivation During a Long-Duration Antarctic Stay.
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07858240
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- TACTICE / EC-2026-106
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrolment
- 28 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Vrije Universiteit BrusselUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Belgium: Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO), European Space Agency, Institut Polaire Français Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV)
- Study start
- Oct 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- Feb 2031 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Feb 2031 (estimated)
- First posted
- 5 Oct 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
TACTICE investigates how long-term isolation and reduced social touch during an Antarctic winter-over affect the way people perceive and respond to touch. The study will follow winter-over crew members at Concordia Station in Antarctica during the 2027 and 2028 seasons.
The study focuses on so-called C-tactile (CT) sensitivity. CT afferents are specialized nerve fibers in the skin that are known to be involved in the pleasant and regulatory effects of social touch. They may also play a role in how prolonged social isolation affects people during a long-term mission in an isolated, confined, and extreme (ICE) environment.
Participants will be assessed repeatedly before, during and after their stay. CT sensitivity will be measured using standardized touch stimulation and computer-based tasks involving touch-related stimuli. Participants will also complete questionnaires on social touch, loneliness, stress, relationships and coping. Saliva and blood samples will be collected to measure biological markers related to stress regulation and social processes, including cortisol and oxytocin.
The main hypothesis is that prolonged isolation and reduced opportunities for social touch change CT sensitivity and reduce an important source of stress regulation. These changes are expected to become more pronounced with time spent at the station and to be related to changes in stress responses, behaviour, attitudes and interpersonal functioning. The study aims to improve understanding of how people adapt to prolonged isolation and confinement and may help inform the planning of future long-duration missions in remote and extreme environments, including space missions.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- Winter-over Crew members in Concordia Station in Antarctica
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Member of the Concordia Station winter-over crew for the 2027 or 2028 Antarctic winter-over season and willing to participate in the study.
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- No study-specific exclusion criteria.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| No Intervention: Observational CohortTACTICE is considered an observational study because the exposure of interest(i.e., long-term isolation and confinement during an Antarctic winter-over at Concordia Station) is not assigned by the study investigators. Participants are winter-over crew members who will stay at Concordia independently of their participation in TACTICE. The study follows this predefined cohort prospectively and repeatedly over time to observe changes in CT sensitivity, stress-related biological markers, behaviour, attitudes and interpersonal functioning. The protocol therefore describes TACTICE as a "longitudinal study with a naturalistic design. The standardized touch stimulation, computer-based tasks, questionnaires, saliva sampling and blood sampling are used as study assessments to measure outcomes over time and not as therapeutic or diagnostic interventions. | Other | – |
Primary outcome
Change in experiential C-tactile (CT) sensitivity assessed by pleasantness and intensity ratings on a Visual Analog Scale ranging from -10 to +10 using the Manual Tactile Stimulator.
Time frame: Baseline (approximately 2-3 months before departure); Month 1, Month 4, Month 7, Month 10, and Month 12 during the Antarctic winter-over; 6 months post-mission; and 2 years post-mission.
Experiential CT sensitivity will be assessed using standardized stroking touch, delivered with a mechanic Manual Tactile Stimulator tool to the forearm and palm at three velocities (0.3, 3, and 30 cm/s), using smooth and ribbed probe surfaces. Participants rate perceived pleasantness and intensity on a Visual Analog Scale ranging from -10 to +10. Changes in VAS scores across repeated assessments will be used to characterize experiential CT sensitivity over time.
Change in vicarious C-tactile (CT) sensitivity assessed by pleasantness and intensity ratings on a Visual Analog Scale ranging from -10 to +10 using the Vicarious Touch Task
Time frame: Baseline (approximately 2-3 months before departure); Month 1, Month 4, Month 7, Month 10, and Month 12 during the Antarctic winter-over; 6 months post-mission; and 2 years post-mission.
Vicarious CT sensitivity will be assessed using standardized 6-second videos depicting interpersonal touch at different body locations and velocities. Participants rate the perceived pleasantness and intensity of the observed touch on a Visual Analog Scale ranging from -10 to +10. Changes in ratings across repeated assessments will be used to characterize vicarious CT sensitivity over time.
6 secondary outcomes
Change in behavioral C-tactile (CT) sensitivity assessed by interpersonal space boundary using the Footstep Task with response time in milliseconds (ms).
Time frame: Baseline (approximately 2-3 months before departure); Month 1, Month 4, Month 7, Month 10, and Month 12 during the Antarctic winter-over; 6 months post-mission; and 2 years post-mission.
Change in neurobiophysiological C-tactile (CT) sensitivity assessed by salivary cortisol concentration (µg/L) measured by saliva sampling and analyses
Time frame: Baseline (approximately 2-3 months before departure); monthly during the Antarctic winter-over; 6 months post-mission; and 2 years post-mission.
Change in neurobiophysiological C-tactile (CT) sensitivity assessed by plasma oxytocin concentration (pg/ml) measured by blood sampling and analyses
Time frame: Baseline (approximately 2-3 months before departure); Month 1, Month 4, Month 7, Month 10, and Month 12 during the Antarctic winter-over; 6 months post-mission; and 2 years post-mission.
Change in psychosocial and behavioral characteristics associated with C-tactile (CT) sensitivity assessed using standardized questionnaires with total and/or subscale questionnaire scores.
Time frame: Baseline (approximately 2-3 months before departure); Month 1, Month 4, Month 7, Month 10, and Month 12 during the Antarctic winter-over; 6 months post-mission; and 2 years post-mission.
Change in behavioral and psychosocial adaptation associated with C-tactile (CT) sensitivity assessed using the 15-item ICE-Psychosocial Monitoring Scale with scores on a Visual Analog Scale (VAS-score 0-10).
Time frame: Baseline (approximately 2-3 months before departure); monthly during the Antarctic winter-over; 6 months post-mission; and 2 years post-mission.
Change in tactile sensory performance associated with C-tactile (CT) sensitivity measured with the Brain Gauge Tactile Reaction Time Test (TRTT) using reaction-time and discrimination outcomes.
Time frame: Baseline (approximately 2-3 months before departure); Month 1, Month 4, Month 7, Month 10, and Month 12 during the Antarctic winter-over; 6 months post-mission; and 2 years post-mission.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 5 Oct 2026.
- Background: PubMed 28162847Walker SC, Trotter PD, Swaney WT, Marshall A, Mcglone FP. C-tactile afferents: Cutaneous mediators of oxytocin release during affiliative tactile interactions? Neuropeptides. 2017 Aug;64:27-38. doi: 10.1016/j.npep.2017.01.001. Epub 2017 Jan 19.
- Background: PubMed 24853935McGlone F, Wessberg J, Olausson H. Discriminative and affective touch: sensing and feeling. Neuron. 2014 May 21;82(4):737-55. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.05.001.
- Background: PubMed 38235444Van Puyvelde M, Gijbels D, Van Caelenberg T, Smith N, Bessone L, Buckle-Charlesworth S, Pattyn N. Living on the edge: How to prepare for it? Front Neuroergon. 2022 Dec 14;3:1007774. doi: 10.3389/fnrgo.2022.1007774. eCollection 2022.
- Background: PubMed 39543275Butti N, Ferrari E, Oldrati V, Biffi E, Gagliardi C, Romaniello R, Strazzer S, Borgatti R, Urgesi C. News insights into social cognition in Williams syndrome from a comprehensive assessment and a virtual reality task. Sci Rep. 2024 Nov 14;14(1):28020. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-79289-z.
- Background: PubMed 24553929Ackerley R, Backlund Wasling H, Liljencrantz J, Olausson H, Johnson RD, Wessberg J. Human C-tactile afferents are tuned to the temperature of a skin-stroking caress. J Neurosci. 2014 Feb 19;34(8):2879-83. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2847-13.2014.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Individual participant data are not planned to be shared with researchers outside the study consortium and sponsoring organizations. Study findings will be disseminated through scientific publications and presentations.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Social Isolation and Isolated Confined and Extreme Conditions, run by Vrije Universiteit Brussel.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 5 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Martine Van Puyvelde, Professor (0032 495 239 543, Martine.Van.Puyvelde@vub.be), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in experiential C-tactile (CT) sensitivity assessed by pleasantness and intensity ratings on a Visual Analog Scale ranging from -10 to +10 using the Manual Tactile Stimulator. (time frame: Baseline (approximately 2-3 months before departure); Month 1, Month 4, Month 7, Month 10, and Month 12 during the Antarctic winter-over; 6 months post-mission; and 2 years post-mission.). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07858240, which also lists 5 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 5 Oct 2026.