Pain ManagementNCT07883434
Effects of Adding Motor Imagery Training to Exercise on Pain, Fibromyalgia Impact, and Kinesiophobia in Women With Fibromyalgia: a Randomized Controlled Trial
An observational study of Pain Management and Fibromyalgia, run by Ufuk University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Aim: To evaluate the effects of adding motor imagery training to exercise on pain, fibromyalgia impact, and kinesiophobia in women with fibromyalgia, and compare imagery ability and kinesiophobia with healthy volunteers. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 65 years, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Pain Management, Fibromyalgia, Imagery, Psychotherapy
- What is being tested?
- Motor imagery
- How many people
- 100 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 May 2021to 1 May 2026
- How long will I take part?
- 1 Month
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: 100 female patients aged 18-65 years diagnosed with fibromyalgia according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 2016 Fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria between May 1, 2021 and May 1, 2026
Who may be able to join
- Being between the ages of 18 and 65
- Having received a diagnosis of fibromyalgia according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 2016 fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria
Who cannot join
- Being under the age of 18 or over the age of 65
- Having a history of severe systemic, neurological, or psychiatric disease
- Having difficulty comprehending given instructions
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Aim: To evaluate the effects of adding motor imagery training to exercise on pain, fibromyalgia impact, and kinesiophobia in women with fibromyalgia, and compare imagery ability and kinesiophobia with healthy volunteers.
Methods: In this randomized controlled study, 100 women with fibromyalgia were allocated to exercise alone (n=50) or exercise plus motor imagery training (n=50) for one month. Forty-five healthy volunteers provided baseline comparisons. Outcomes included Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain and global assessment, Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR), and Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK). Baseline imagery ability was assessed using the Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire-20.
- Conditions
- Pain Management, Fibromyalgia, Imagery, Psychotherapy
- Being tested
- Motor imagery
- Medical subject headings
- Agnosia, Fibromyalgia
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Motor imageryOther
In the motor imagery training group, an experienced physiotherapist additionally provided motor imagery training comprising internal visual imagery (mentally simulating the visual image of the relevant movement), external visual imagery (performing the relevant movement in front of a mirror), and kinesthetic imagery (mentally simulating the sensation of the relevant movement). During motor imagery training, patients were asked to close their eyes and focus on the training in a quiet environment. During kinesthetic imagery, participants were asked to sense their body parts and mentally simulate the sensation of the relevant movement without any physical body movement. During the visual imagery process, participants watched a standard video recording of the exercises, after which they were asked to mentally simulate a visual representation of the movement without any physical body movement. In addition, patients were asked to perform the relevant movement in front of a mirror.
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
0-10 cm Visual Analog Scale pain intensity
Measured: 1 month
0-10 cm Visual Analog Scale global self-assessment
Measured: 1 month
Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire score
The Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR) is a questionnaire designed to assess functional limitations and disabilities resulting from fibromyalgia. The questionnaire comprises a total of 21 questions divided into three sections: function, overall impact, and symptoms. Responses to each question are indicated on a scale ranging from 0 to 10. Elevated scores signify a greater fibromyalgia-associated impairment
Measured: 1 month
Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia
The Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia is a 17-item self-report scale that assesses fear of movement and re-injury related to pain. Items are scored on a four-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree). The total score ranges from 17 to 68, with higher scores indicating a higher level of kinesiophobia
Measured: 1 month
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted20 Oct 2026
- Study start1 May 2021
- Primary completion1 May 2026
- Study completion1 May 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Pain ManagementStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 100 participants (actual)
- Target duration
- 1 Month
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Ufuk University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Elzem Bolkan Günaydın, Ufuk University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07883434
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2021/20
- Status last verified
- Oct 2026
- First submitted
- 7 Oct 2026
- Last updated
- 20 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 20 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Adding Motor Imagery Training to Exercise on Pain, Fibromyalgia Impact, and Kinesiophobia in Women With Fibromyalgia: a Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07883434
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2021/20
- Conditions
- Pain Management, Fibromyalgia, Imagery, Psychotherapy
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 100 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Ufuk UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 May 2021 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 May 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 May 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 20 Oct 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Aim: To evaluate the effects of adding motor imagery training to exercise on pain, fibromyalgia impact, and kinesiophobia in women with fibromyalgia, and compare imagery ability and kinesiophobia with healthy volunteers.
Methods: In this randomized controlled study, 100 women with fibromyalgia were allocated to exercise alone (n=50) or exercise plus motor imagery training (n=50) for one month. Forty-five healthy volunteers provided baseline comparisons. Outcomes included Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain and global assessment, Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR), and Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK). Baseline imagery ability was assessed using the Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire-20.
Study design
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Target follow-up
- 1 Month
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 65 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- 100 female patients aged 18-65 years diagnosed with fibromyalgia according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 2016 Fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria between May 1, 2021 and May 1, 2026
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Being between the ages of 18 and 65
- Having received a diagnosis of fibromyalgia according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 2016 fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Being under the age of 18 or over the age of 65
- Having a history of severe systemic, neurological, or psychiatric disease
- Having difficulty comprehending given instructions
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Motor imageryIn the motor imagery training group, an experienced physiotherapist additionally provided motor imagery training comprising internal visual imagery (mentally simulating the visual image of the relevant movement), external visual imagery (performing the relevant movement in front of a mirror), and kinesthetic imagery (mentally simulating the sensation of the relevant movement). During motor imagery training, patients were asked to close their eyes and focus on the training in a quiet environment. During kinesthetic imagery, participants were asked to sense their body parts and mentally simulate the sensation of the relevant movement without any physical body movement. During the visual imagery process, participants watched a standard video recording of the exercises, after which they were asked to mentally simulate a visual representation of the movement without any physical body movement. In addition, patients were asked to perform the relevant movement in front of a mirror. | Other | – |
Primary outcome
0-10 cm Visual Analog Scale pain intensity
Time frame: 1 month
0-10 cm Visual Analog Scale global self-assessment
Time frame: 1 month
Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire score
Time frame: 1 month
The Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR) is a questionnaire designed to assess functional limitations and disabilities resulting from fibromyalgia. The questionnaire comprises a total of 21 questions divided into three sections: function, overall impact, and symptoms. Responses to each question are indicated on a scale ranging from 0 to 10. Elevated scores signify a greater fibromyalgia-associated impairment
Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia
Time frame: 1 month
The Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia is a 17-item self-report scale that assesses fear of movement and re-injury related to pain. Items are scored on a four-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree). The total score ranges from 17 to 68, with higher scores indicating a higher level of kinesiophobia
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 20 Oct 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Pain Management and Fibromyalgia, run by Ufuk University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 20 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
0-10 cm Visual Analog Scale pain intensity (time frame: 1 month). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 20 Oct 2026.