Urinary CatheterizationNCT07893990
Comparison of Three Teaching Methods for Urinary Catheterization in Nursing Students
A study testing Training on performing urinary catheterization using simulation in people with Urinary Catheterization and Urinary Catheterization Skills, run by Cukurova University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Research Questions 1. Do total learning motivation and sub-dimension scores (attention-relevance, confidence-satisfaction) differ significantly among nursing students using different instructional materials for urinary catheterization training? 2. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Urinary Catheterization, Urinary Catheterization Skills, Nursing Students
- What is being tested?
- Training on performing urinary catheterization using simulation
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 112 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 18 Mar 2025to 20 Mar 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Being enrolled in the Fundamentals of Nursing II course for the first time, being over the age of 18, having not previously received training related to urinary catheterization, and not being a member of any health-related profession.
Who cannot join
- The criteria have been established as failing to attend at least one of the theoretical or laboratory sessions and either incompletely filling out or failing to fill out the data collection forms.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Cukurova University Health Science Faculty Nursing Department
Adana
About this study
Official title: Comparison of Three Instructional Materials in Urinary Catheterization Education: An Assessment in Terms of Learning Motivation
Research Questions
- Do total learning motivation and sub-dimension scores (attention-relevance, confidence-satisfaction) differ significantly among nursing students using different instructional materials for urinary catheterization training?
- Do students' perceptions of theoretical and skill competence differ significantly across the study groups?
- Do the distributions of procedural steps reported as most difficult by students differ across the groups?
- Conditions
- Urinary Catheterization, Urinary Catheterization Skills, Nursing Students, Learning Methodology, Simulation Training
- Being tested
- Training on performing urinary catheterization using simulation
- Keywords
- instructional material, learning motivation, virtual reality, urinary catheterization
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Training on performing urinary catheterization using simulationOther
Students received training in performing urinary catheterization using one of three different types of simulation.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Low-fidelity simulator group | Experimental | Low-fidelity simulator group: Material: A low-fidelity simulator (Tellyes Urinary Model - TYE1826)-a part-task trainer consisting solely of the female external genitalia-was used. Application Characteristics: With this model, the user feels no resistance or pressure as the catheter advances through the urinary system. Internal structures such as the urethra and bladder cannot be observed from the outside, and the distance the catheter travels is significantly shorter than the actual anatomical distance. Procedure: Following a joint theoretical training session, this group performed the urinary catheterization procedure on the low-fidelity model for 10 minutes in accordance with a standard scenario, subsequently received feedback, and completed data collection forms. Receives: Other: Training on performing urinary catheterization using simulation |
| High-fidelity simulator group | Experimental | High-fidelity simulator group: Material: A computer-controlled, full-body, high-fidelity female patient simulator (Noelle S550.100, Gaumard Scientific, USA) was used. Application Features: The simulator includes a bladder reservoir, a urethra, and a valve system representing the internal urethral sphincter. This allows the user to physically feel the resistance created by these structures as the catheter advances. When the catheter reaches the bladder, a yellow artificial fluid mimicking urine flows out, and the catheter balloon can be inflated and deflated using a syringe. Additionally, the operator can use the computer to enable the simulator to provide verbal responses to the student's questions regarding pain, and vital signs can be monitored on a bedside monitor. Procedure: Following a joint theoretical training session, students completed the procedure on this full-body simulator over a 10-minute period, after which they received feedback and filled out the relevant forms. Receives: Other: Training on performing urinary catheterization using simulation |
| Virtual reality simulation group | Experimental | Virtual reality simulation group: Materials: 3D software (VR OTTO) developed by a technology company and virtual reality headsets were used. Application Features: In this software, developed based on procedural steps, students performed urinary catheterization on a patient lying in a bed within a virtual environment, using motion-sensing hand controllers that corresponded to real-world visuals. Process: Following a shared theoretical training session, students in this group completed a 10-minute practice session using the virtual reality equipment, after which they received feedback and completed questionnaires. Receives: Other: Training on performing urinary catheterization using simulation |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Total Score on the Turkish Instructional Materials Motivation Survey
Motivation toward the assigned urinary catheterization simulation material is assessed using the 24-item Turkish version of the Instructional Materials Motivation Survey, adapted by Kutu and Sozbilir. The total score is calculated by summing the item scores and ranges from 24 to 120. Higher scores indicate greater motivation toward the instructional material. The same instrument is administered in the low-fidelity, high-fidelity, and virtual reality simulation groups.
Measured: immediately after completion of the assigned urinary catheterization simulation session and feedback.
Secondary outcomes (1)
Self-Reported Competence in Urinary Catheterization Skills
Perceived skill competence is assessed using a single question in the researcher-developed Student Information Form: "Do you consider yourself competent in performing urinary catheterization?" Response options are "Yes," "No," and "Undecided." The outcome is the percentage of participants selecting each response category in each simulation group. This measure assesses perceived competence rather than objectively observed skill performance.
Measured: immediately after completion of the assigned urinary catheterization simulation session and feedback.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted26 Oct 2026
- Study start18 Mar 2025
- Primary completion19 Mar 2025
- Study completion20 Mar 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Urinary CatheterizationStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 112 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Cukurova University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Karadeniz Technical University
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, ECE KURT, Cukurova University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07893990
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- CU-UC-MOT-01
- Status last verified
- Oct 2026
- First submitted
- 8 Oct 2026
- Last updated
- 26 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Consent was obtained from the participants on the condition that the data would be used anonymously solely for the purpose of the academic study. There is no permission for data sharing.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 26 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparison of Three Instructional Materials in Urinary Catheterization Education: An Assessment in Terms of Learning Motivation
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07893990
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- CU-UC-MOT-01
- Conditions
- Urinary Catheterization, Urinary Catheterization Skills, Nursing Students, Learning Methodology, Simulation Training
- Keywords
- instructional material, learning motivation, virtual reality, urinary catheterization
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 112 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Cukurova UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Karadeniz Technical University
- Study start
- 18 Mar 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 19 Mar 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 20 Mar 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 26 Oct 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Research Questions
- Do total learning motivation and sub-dimension scores (attention-relevance, confidence-satisfaction) differ significantly among nursing students using different instructional materials for urinary catheterization training?
- Do students' perceptions of theoretical and skill competence differ significantly across the study groups?
- Do the distributions of procedural steps reported as most difficult by students differ across the groups?
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Low-fidelity simulator group | Experimental | Other: Training on performing urinary catheterization using simulationLow-fidelity simulator group: Material: A low-fidelity simulator (Tellyes Urinary Model - TYE1826)-a part-task trainer consisting solely of the female external genitalia-was used. Application Characteristics: With this model, the user feels no resistance or pressure as the catheter advances through the urinary system. Internal structures such as the urethra and bladder cannot be observed from the outside, and the distance the catheter travels is significantly shorter than the actual anatomical distance. Procedure: Following a joint theoretical training session, this group performed the urinary catheterization procedure on the low-fidelity model for 10 minutes in accordance with a standard scenario, subsequently received feedback, and completed data collection forms. |
| High-fidelity simulator group | Experimental | Other: Training on performing urinary catheterization using simulationHigh-fidelity simulator group: Material: A computer-controlled, full-body, high-fidelity female patient simulator (Noelle S550.100, Gaumard Scientific, USA) was used. Application Features: The simulator includes a bladder reservoir, a urethra, and a valve system representing the internal urethral sphincter. This allows the user to physically feel the resistance created by these structures as the catheter advances. When the catheter reaches the bladder, a yellow artificial fluid mimicking urine flows out, and the catheter balloon can be inflated and deflated using a syringe. Additionally, the operator can use the computer to enable the simulator to provide verbal responses to the student's questions regarding pain, and vital signs can be monitored on a bedside monitor. Procedure: Following a joint theoretical training session, students completed the procedure on this full-body simulator over a 10-minute period, after which they received feedback and filled out the relevant forms. |
| Virtual reality simulation group | Experimental | Other: Training on performing urinary catheterization using simulationVirtual reality simulation group: Materials: 3D software (VR OTTO) developed by a technology company and virtual reality headsets were used. Application Features: In this software, developed based on procedural steps, students performed urinary catheterization on a patient lying in a bed within a virtual environment, using motion-sensing hand controllers that corresponded to real-world visuals. Process: Following a shared theoretical training session, students in this group completed a 10-minute practice session using the virtual reality equipment, after which they received feedback and completed questionnaires. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Being enrolled in the Fundamentals of Nursing II course for the first time, being over the age of 18, having not previously received training related to urinary catheterization, and not being a member of any health-related profession.
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- The criteria have been established as failing to attend at least one of the theoretical or laboratory sessions and either incompletely filling out or failing to fill out the data collection forms.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Training on performing urinary catheterization using simulationStudents received training in performing urinary catheterization using one of three different types of simulation. | Other | High-fidelity simulator group, Low-fidelity simulator group, Virtual reality simulation group |
Primary outcome
Total Score on the Turkish Instructional Materials Motivation Survey
Time frame: immediately after completion of the assigned urinary catheterization simulation session and feedback.
Motivation toward the assigned urinary catheterization simulation material is assessed using the 24-item Turkish version of the Instructional Materials Motivation Survey, adapted by Kutu and Sozbilir. The total score is calculated by summing the item scores and ranges from 24 to 120. Higher scores indicate greater motivation toward the instructional material. The same instrument is administered in the low-fidelity, high-fidelity, and virtual reality simulation groups.
1 secondary outcome
Self-Reported Competence in Urinary Catheterization Skills
Time frame: immediately after completion of the assigned urinary catheterization simulation session and feedback.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 26 Oct 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Consent was obtained from the participants on the condition that the data would be used anonymously solely for the purpose of the academic study. There is no permission for data sharing.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Training on performing urinary catheterization using simulation in people with Urinary Catheterization and Urinary Catheterization Skills, run by Cukurova University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 26 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Total Score on the Turkish Instructional Materials Motivation Survey (time frame: immediately after completion of the assigned urinary catheterization simulation session and feedback.). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 26 Oct 2026.