Anesthesia, GeneralWASH-PRAMNCT07894393
Haemodynamic Effects of Four Sevoflurane Wash-In Strategies After Tracheal Intubation
A study testing Low-flow high-concentration wash-in (0.5 L/min, 8% sevoflurane), Low-flow wash-in (1 L/min, 4% sevoflurane) and Moderate-flow wash-in (2 L/min, 4% sevoflurane) in people with Anesthesia, General and Hypotension, run by Ataturk University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
The goal of this clinical trial is to compare how four different ways of starting sevoflurane anaesthesia (the "wash-in" phase) affect the heart and circulation during the first 10 minutes after endotracheal intubation in adults undergoing elective major urological surgery. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 70 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Anesthesia, General, Hypotension
- What is being tested?
- Low-flow high-concentration wash-in (0.5 L/min, 8% sevoflurane), Low-flow wash-in (1 L/min, 4% sevoflurane) and Moderate-flow wash-in (2 L/min, 4% sevoflurane)
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 102 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 30 Jan 2025to 30 Jan 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 70 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Age 18-70 years
- American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-II
- Scheduled for elective major urological surgery under general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation
- Negative passive leg-raising test (mean arterial pressure increase of 10% or less during 45-degree passive leg raising)
- Successful radial artery cannulation with an acceptable square-wave (fast-flush) test
- Written informed consent
Who cannot join
- ASA physical status III-IV
- Cardiac arrhythmia
- Valvular heart disease
- Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
- Positive passive leg-raising test persisting after up to 600 mL crystalloid
- Failed radial artery cannulation
- Refusal to participate
- More than two tracheal intubation attempts
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Haemodynamic Effects of Four Sevoflurane Wash-In Strategies After Tracheal Intubation Assessed by the Pressure Recording Analytical Method: A Randomised Controlled Trial
The goal of this clinical trial is to compare how four different ways of starting sevoflurane anaesthesia (the "wash-in" phase) affect the heart and circulation during the first 10 minutes after endotracheal intubation in adults undergoing elective major urological surgery. The main question it aims to answer is whether the wash-in strategy affects cardiac index 10 minutes after intubation. Researchers also compared other haemodynamic variables, the time needed to reach the target anaesthetic concentration (0.8 MAC), sevoflurane consumption, the need for ephedrine to treat low blood pressure, and depth of anaesthesia.
After a standard intravenous induction, participants were randomly assigned to one of four sevoflurane wash-in strategies: automated end-tidal-controlled delivery, or manual delivery with 0.5 L/min fresh gas flow and 8% sevoflurane, 1 L/min with 4% sevoflurane, or 2 L/min with 4% sevoflurane. Haemodynamic variables were measured continuously through a radial arterial line using the pressure recording analytical method (PRAM).
Read the detailed description
This prospective, randomised, single-centre, parallel-group trial was conducted in the Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine (Erzurum, Türkiye). Adult ASA physical status I-II patients scheduled for elective major urological surgery were screened with a 45-degree passive leg-raising (PLR) test; patients with a mean arterial pressure (MAP) increase >10% received up to 600 mL saline in 200-mL boluses and were excluded if the response persisted. A radial arterial line was then placed, and eligible patients were allocated by the sealed-envelope method to one of four wash-in groups.
Anaesthesia was induced with propofol 2.5 mg/kg, fentanyl 1.5 mcg/kg and rocuronium 0.7 mg/kg, and the trachea was intubated when state entropy fell below 60. Sevoflurane was then delivered via an Aisys CS2 anaesthesia workstation (Datex-Ohmeda/GE HealthCare) according to the allocated strategy:
- Group 1: end-tidal-controlled mode targeting 0.8 MAC, minimum fresh gas flow (FGF) 0.5 L/min
- Group 2: FGF 0.5 L/min with 8% sevoflurane
- Group 3: FGF 1 L/min with 4% sevoflurane
- Group 4: FGF 2 L/min with 4% sevoflurane Once the workstation-displayed age-adjusted MAC reached 0.8, maintenance in all groups was switched to end-tidal control targeting 0.8 MAC with a minimum FGF of 0.5 L/min. Ventilation settings were standardised and patients remained supine with no surgical stimulation during the 10-minute observation period.
Haemodynamic variables (systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure, heart rate, cardiac index, stroke volume index, pulse pressure variation, cardiac cycle efficiency, maximum rate of arterial pressure rise [dP/dt], arterial elastance and cardiac power index) were obtained with the pressure recording analytical method (MostCare Up, Vygon) before induction (T0), 30 s after intubation (T1), when 0.8 MAC was reached (T2) and 10 min after intubation (T3). State entropy, wash-in duration, cumulative sevoflurane consumption and ephedrine use were recorded. Hypotension (MAP <65 mmHg or a decrease >30% from baseline) was treated with 10 mg intravenous ephedrine.
The sample size (96 patients; 115 planned allowing for attrition) was calculated from pilot data for cardiac index at T3 (effect size f = 0.44, alpha 0.05, power 95%).
- Conditions
- Anesthesia, General, Hypotension
- Being tested
- End-tidal-controlled sevoflurane wash-in, Low-flow high-concentration wash-in (0.5 L/min, 8% sevoflurane), Low-flow wash-in (1 L/min, 4% sevoflurane), Moderate-flow wash-in (2 L/min, 4% sevoflurane)
- Keywords
- Sevoflurane, Wash-in, Low-flow anesthesia, Fresh gas flow, End-tidal control, Pressure recording analytical method, Cardiac index, Stroke volume
- Medical subject headings
- Hypotension
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
End-tidal-controlled sevoflurane wash-inOther
After endotracheal intubation, sevoflurane is delivered with the Aisys CS2 workstation in automated end-tidal control mode targeting 0.8 MAC (age-adjusted, workstation-displayed), with a minimum fresh gas flow of 0.5 L/min.
Low-flow high-concentration wash-in (0.5 L/min, 8% sevoflurane)Other
After endotracheal intubation, sevoflurane wash-in is performed manually with a fresh gas flow of 0.5 L/min and a vaporiser setting of 8% until the workstation-displayed MAC reaches 0.8, after which maintenance is switched to end-tidal control targeting 0.8 MAC (minimum fresh gas flow 0.5 L/min).
Low-flow wash-in (1 L/min, 4% sevoflurane)Other
After endotracheal intubation, sevoflurane wash-in is performed manually with a fresh gas flow of 1 L/min and a vaporiser setting of 4% until the workstation-displayed MAC reaches 0.8, after which maintenance is switched to end-tidal control targeting 0.8 MAC (minimum fresh gas flow 0.5 L/min).
Moderate-flow wash-in (2 L/min, 4% sevoflurane)Other
After endotracheal intubation, sevoflurane wash-in is performed manually with a fresh gas flow of 2 L/min and a vaporiser setting of 4% until the workstation-displayed MAC reaches 0.8, after which maintenance is switched to end-tidal control targeting 0.8 MAC (minimum fresh gas flow 0.5 L/min).
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Group 1: End-tidal-controlled wash-in | Active comparator | Sevoflurane wash-in in automated end-tidal control mode targeting 0.8 MAC with a minimum fresh gas flow of 0.5 L/min. Receives: Other: End-tidal-controlled sevoflurane wash-in |
| Group 2: 0.5 L/min FGF with 8% sevoflurane | Active comparator | Low-flow, high-concentration (overpressure) sevoflurane wash-in with a fresh gas flow of 0.5 L/min and a vaporiser setting of 8% until 0.8 MAC is reached. Receives: Other: Low-flow high-concentration wash-in (0.5 L/min, 8% sevoflurane) |
| Group 3: 1 L/min FGF with 4% sevoflurane | Active comparator | Low-flow sevoflurane wash-in with a fresh gas flow of 1 L/min and a vaporiser setting of 4% until 0.8 MAC is reached. Receives: Other: Low-flow wash-in (1 L/min, 4% sevoflurane) |
| Group 4: 2 L/min FGF with 4% sevoflurane | Active comparator | Moderate-flow sevoflurane wash-in with a fresh gas flow of 2 L/min and a vaporiser setting of 4% until 0.8 MAC is reached. Receives: Other: Moderate-flow wash-in (2 L/min, 4% sevoflurane) |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Cardiac index
Cardiac index (L/min/m2) measured with the pressure recording analytical method (PRAM; MostCare Up) via a radial arterial line, compared between the four wash-in groups.
Measured: 10 minutes after endotracheal intubation
Secondary outcomes (16)
Systolic arterial pressure
Systolic arterial pressure (mmHg) measured with the pressure recording analytical method (PRAM; MostCare Up) via a radial arterial line. At each time point, the highest value among five consecutive beats was recorded.
Measured: Before induction (T0), 30 seconds after intubation (T1), when 0.8 MAC is reached (T2) and 10 minutes after intubation (T3)
Diastolic arterial pressure
Diastolic arterial pressure (mmHg) measured with the pressure recording analytical method (PRAM; MostCare Up) via a radial arterial line. At each time point, the highest value among five consecutive beats was recorded.
Measured: Before induction (T0), 30 seconds after intubation (T1), when 0.8 MAC is reached (T2) and 10 minutes after intubation (T3)
Mean arterial pressure
Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) measured with the pressure recording analytical method (PRAM; MostCare Up) via a radial arterial line. At each time point, the highest value among five consecutive beats was recorded.
Measured: Before induction (T0), 30 seconds after intubation (T1), when 0.8 MAC is reached (T2) and 10 minutes after intubation (T3)
Heart rate
Heart rate (beats/min) measured with the pressure recording analytical method (PRAM; MostCare Up) via a radial arterial line. At each time point, the highest value among five consecutive beats was recorded.
Measured: Before induction (T0), 30 seconds after intubation (T1), when 0.8 MAC is reached (T2) and 10 minutes after intubation (T3)
Cardiac index at other time points
Cardiac index (L/min/m2) measured with the pressure recording analytical method (PRAM; MostCare Up) via a radial arterial line. At each time point, the highest value among five consecutive beats was recorded.
Measured: Before induction (T0), 30 seconds after intubation (T1) and when 0.8 MAC is reached (T2)
Stroke volume index
Stroke volume index (mL/m2) measured with the pressure recording analytical method (PRAM; MostCare Up) via a radial arterial line. At each time point, the highest value among five consecutive beats was recorded.
Measured: Before induction (T0), 30 seconds after intubation (T1), when 0.8 MAC is reached (T2) and 10 minutes after intubation (T3)
Pulse pressure variation
Pulse pressure variation (%) measured with the pressure recording analytical method (PRAM; MostCare Up) via a radial arterial line. At each time point, the highest value among five consecutive beats was recorded. Not assessed at T0 because patients were breathing spontaneously.
Measured: 30 seconds after intubation (T1), when 0.8 MAC is reached (T2) and 10 minutes after intubation (T3)
Cardiac cycle efficiency
Cardiac cycle efficiency (unitless index, range -1 to +1) measured with the pressure recording analytical method (PRAM; MostCare Up) via a radial arterial line. At each time point, the highest value among five consecutive beats was recorded.
Measured: Before induction (T0), 30 seconds after intubation (T1), when 0.8 MAC is reached (T2) and 10 minutes after intubation (T3)
Maximum rate of arterial pressure rise (dP/dt)
Maximum rate of rise of the radial arterial pressure, dP/dt (mmHg/ms) measured with the pressure recording analytical method (PRAM; MostCare Up) via a radial arterial line. At each time point, the highest value among five consecutive beats was recorded.
Measured: Before induction (T0), 30 seconds after intubation (T1), when 0.8 MAC is reached (T2) and 10 minutes after intubation (T3)
Arterial elastance
Arterial elastance (mmHg/mL) measured with the pressure recording analytical method (PRAM; MostCare Up) via a radial arterial line. At each time point, the highest value among five consecutive beats was recorded.
Measured: Before induction (T0), 30 seconds after intubation (T1), when 0.8 MAC is reached (T2) and 10 minutes after intubation (T3)
Cardiac power index
Cardiac power index (W/m2) measured with the pressure recording analytical method (PRAM; MostCare Up) via a radial arterial line. At each time point, the highest value among five consecutive beats was recorded.
Measured: Before induction (T0), 30 seconds after intubation (T1), when 0.8 MAC is reached (T2) and 10 minutes after intubation (T3)
Wash-in duration
Time (seconds) from the start of sevoflurane delivery after intubation until the age-adjusted MAC displayed by the anaesthesia workstation reaches 0.8.
Measured: From start of sevoflurane delivery until 0.8 MAC is reached (up to 10 minutes after intubation)
Cumulative sevoflurane consumption
Cumulative liquid sevoflurane consumption (mL) as reported numerically by the anaesthesia workstation.
Measured: When 0.8 MAC is reached and 10 minutes after intubation
Number of participants requiring ephedrine
Number of participants who received at least one 10-mg intravenous bolus of ephedrine for hypotension, defined as mean arterial pressure <65 mmHg or a decrease >30% from baseline.
Measured: From induction of anaesthesia to 10 minutes after intubation
Time to first ephedrine administration
Time (seconds) from induction of anaesthesia to the first intravenous ephedrine bolus given for hypotension (mean arterial pressure <65 mmHg or a decrease >30% from baseline).
Measured: From induction of anaesthesia to 10 minutes after intubation
State entropy
State entropy (units on a scale, 0-91) measured with the GE Entropy module; lower values indicate deeper hypnosis.
Measured: 30 seconds after intubation (T1), when 0.8 MAC is reached (T2) and 10 minutes after intubation (T3)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted26 Oct 2026
- Study start30 Jan 2025
- Primary completion30 Jan 2026
- Study completion30 Jan 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Anesthesia, GeneralStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Ataturk UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Four-arm, parallel-group randomised trial comparing four sevoflurane wash-in strategies started immediately after endotracheal intubation.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 102 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Ataturk University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Erkan Cem ÇELİK, Ataturk University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07894393
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Low Flow-Haemodynamic
- Other IDs
- TTU-2025-16112
- Acronym
- WASH-PRAM
- Status last verified
- Oct 2026
- First submitted
- 19 Oct 2026
- Last updated
- 26 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 26 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Haemodynamic Effects of Four Sevoflurane Wash-In Strategies After Tracheal Intubation Assessed by the Pressure Recording Analytical Method: A Randomised Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07894393
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- WASH-PRAM / Low Flow-Haemodynamic
- Conditions
- Anesthesia, General, Hypotension
- Keywords
- Sevoflurane, Wash-in, Low-flow anesthesia, Fresh gas flow, End-tidal control, Pressure recording analytical method, Cardiac index, Stroke volume
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 102 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Ataturk UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 30 Jan 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Jan 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Jan 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 26 Oct 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this clinical trial is to compare how four different ways of starting sevoflurane anaesthesia (the "wash-in" phase) affect the heart and circulation during the first 10 minutes after endotracheal intubation in adults undergoing elective major urological surgery. The main question it aims to answer is whether the wash-in strategy affects cardiac index 10 minutes after intubation. Researchers also compared other haemodynamic variables, the time needed to reach the target anaesthetic concentration (0.8 MAC), sevoflurane consumption, the need for ephedrine to treat low blood pressure, and depth of anaesthesia.
After a standard intravenous induction, participants were randomly assigned to one of four sevoflurane wash-in strategies: automated end-tidal-controlled delivery, or manual delivery with 0.5 L/min fresh gas flow and 8% sevoflurane, 1 L/min with 4% sevoflurane, or 2 L/min with 4% sevoflurane. Haemodynamic variables were measured continuously through a radial arterial line using the pressure recording analytical method (PRAM).
Detailed description
This prospective, randomised, single-centre, parallel-group trial was conducted in the Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine (Erzurum, Türkiye). Adult ASA physical status I-II patients scheduled for elective major urological surgery were screened with a 45-degree passive leg-raising (PLR) test; patients with a mean arterial pressure (MAP) increase >10% received up to 600 mL saline in 200-mL boluses and were excluded if the response persisted. A radial arterial line was then placed, and eligible patients were allocated by the sealed-envelope method to one of four wash-in groups.
Anaesthesia was induced with propofol 2.5 mg/kg, fentanyl 1.5 mcg/kg and rocuronium 0.7 mg/kg, and the trachea was intubated when state entropy fell below 60. Sevoflurane was then delivered via an Aisys CS2 anaesthesia workstation (Datex-Ohmeda/GE HealthCare) according to the allocated strategy:
- Group 1: end-tidal-controlled mode targeting 0.8 MAC, minimum fresh gas flow (FGF) 0.5 L/min
- Group 2: FGF 0.5 L/min with 8% sevoflurane
- Group 3: FGF 1 L/min with 4% sevoflurane
- Group 4: FGF 2 L/min with 4% sevoflurane Once the workstation-displayed age-adjusted MAC reached 0.8, maintenance in all groups was switched to end-tidal control targeting 0.8 MAC with a minimum FGF of 0.5 L/min. Ventilation settings were standardised and patients remained supine with no surgical stimulation during the 10-minute observation period.
Haemodynamic variables (systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure, heart rate, cardiac index, stroke volume index, pulse pressure variation, cardiac cycle efficiency, maximum rate of arterial pressure rise [dP/dt], arterial elastance and cardiac power index) were obtained with the pressure recording analytical method (MostCare Up, Vygon) before induction (T0), 30 s after intubation (T1), when 0.8 MAC was reached (T2) and 10 min after intubation (T3). State entropy, wash-in duration, cumulative sevoflurane consumption and ephedrine use were recorded. Hypotension (MAP <65 mmHg or a decrease >30% from baseline) was treated with 10 mg intravenous ephedrine.
The sample size (96 patients; 115 planned allowing for attrition) was calculated from pilot data for cardiac index at T3 (effect size f = 0.44, alpha 0.05, power 95%).
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 4
- Model description
- Four-arm, parallel-group randomised trial comparing four sevoflurane wash-in strategies started immediately after endotracheal intubation.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Group 1: End-tidal-controlled wash-in | Active comparator | Other: End-tidal-controlled sevoflurane wash-inSevoflurane wash-in in automated end-tidal control mode targeting 0.8 MAC with a minimum fresh gas flow of 0.5 L/min. |
| Group 2: 0.5 L/min FGF with 8% sevoflurane | Active comparator | Other: Low-flow high-concentration wash-in (0.5 L/min, 8% sevoflurane)Low-flow, high-concentration (overpressure) sevoflurane wash-in with a fresh gas flow of 0.5 L/min and a vaporiser setting of 8% until 0.8 MAC is reached. |
| Group 3: 1 L/min FGF with 4% sevoflurane | Active comparator | Other: Low-flow wash-in (1 L/min, 4% sevoflurane)Low-flow sevoflurane wash-in with a fresh gas flow of 1 L/min and a vaporiser setting of 4% until 0.8 MAC is reached. |
| Group 4: 2 L/min FGF with 4% sevoflurane | Active comparator | Other: Moderate-flow wash-in (2 L/min, 4% sevoflurane)Moderate-flow sevoflurane wash-in with a fresh gas flow of 2 L/min and a vaporiser setting of 4% until 0.8 MAC is reached. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 70 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Age 18-70 years
- American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-II
- Scheduled for elective major urological surgery under general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation
- Negative passive leg-raising test (mean arterial pressure increase of 10% or less during 45-degree passive leg raising)
- Successful radial artery cannulation with an acceptable square-wave (fast-flush) test
Key exclusion criteria (8 listed)
- ASA physical status III-IV
- Cardiac arrhythmia
- Valvular heart disease
- Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
- Positive passive leg-raising test persisting after up to 600 mL crystalloid
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| End-tidal-controlled sevoflurane wash-inAfter endotracheal intubation, sevoflurane is delivered with the Aisys CS2 workstation in automated end-tidal control mode targeting 0.8 MAC (age-adjusted, workstation-displayed), with a minimum fresh gas flow of 0.5 L/min. | Other | Group 1: End-tidal-controlled wash-in |
| Low-flow high-concentration wash-in (0.5 L/min, 8% sevoflurane)After endotracheal intubation, sevoflurane wash-in is performed manually with a fresh gas flow of 0.5 L/min and a vaporiser setting of 8% until the workstation-displayed MAC reaches 0.8, after which maintenance is switched to end-tidal control targeting 0.8 MAC (minimum fresh gas flow 0.5 L/min). | Other | Group 2: 0.5 L/min FGF with 8% sevoflurane |
| Low-flow wash-in (1 L/min, 4% sevoflurane)After endotracheal intubation, sevoflurane wash-in is performed manually with a fresh gas flow of 1 L/min and a vaporiser setting of 4% until the workstation-displayed MAC reaches 0.8, after which maintenance is switched to end-tidal control targeting 0.8 MAC (minimum fresh gas flow 0.5 L/min). | Other | Group 3: 1 L/min FGF with 4% sevoflurane |
| Moderate-flow wash-in (2 L/min, 4% sevoflurane)After endotracheal intubation, sevoflurane wash-in is performed manually with a fresh gas flow of 2 L/min and a vaporiser setting of 4% until the workstation-displayed MAC reaches 0.8, after which maintenance is switched to end-tidal control targeting 0.8 MAC (minimum fresh gas flow 0.5 L/min). | Other | Group 4: 2 L/min FGF with 4% sevoflurane |
Primary outcome
Cardiac index
Time frame: 10 minutes after endotracheal intubation
Cardiac index (L/min/m2) measured with the pressure recording analytical method (PRAM; MostCare Up) via a radial arterial line, compared between the four wash-in groups.
16 secondary outcomes
Systolic arterial pressure
Time frame: Before induction (T0), 30 seconds after intubation (T1), when 0.8 MAC is reached (T2) and 10 minutes after intubation (T3)
Diastolic arterial pressure
Time frame: Before induction (T0), 30 seconds after intubation (T1), when 0.8 MAC is reached (T2) and 10 minutes after intubation (T3)
Mean arterial pressure
Time frame: Before induction (T0), 30 seconds after intubation (T1), when 0.8 MAC is reached (T2) and 10 minutes after intubation (T3)
Heart rate
Time frame: Before induction (T0), 30 seconds after intubation (T1), when 0.8 MAC is reached (T2) and 10 minutes after intubation (T3)
Cardiac index at other time points
Time frame: Before induction (T0), 30 seconds after intubation (T1) and when 0.8 MAC is reached (T2)
Stroke volume index
Time frame: Before induction (T0), 30 seconds after intubation (T1), when 0.8 MAC is reached (T2) and 10 minutes after intubation (T3)
Pulse pressure variation
Time frame: 30 seconds after intubation (T1), when 0.8 MAC is reached (T2) and 10 minutes after intubation (T3)
Cardiac cycle efficiency
Time frame: Before induction (T0), 30 seconds after intubation (T1), when 0.8 MAC is reached (T2) and 10 minutes after intubation (T3)
Maximum rate of arterial pressure rise (dP/dt)
Time frame: Before induction (T0), 30 seconds after intubation (T1), when 0.8 MAC is reached (T2) and 10 minutes after intubation (T3)
Arterial elastance
Time frame: Before induction (T0), 30 seconds after intubation (T1), when 0.8 MAC is reached (T2) and 10 minutes after intubation (T3)
Cardiac power index
Time frame: Before induction (T0), 30 seconds after intubation (T1), when 0.8 MAC is reached (T2) and 10 minutes after intubation (T3)
Wash-in duration
Time frame: From start of sevoflurane delivery until 0.8 MAC is reached (up to 10 minutes after intubation)
Cumulative sevoflurane consumption
Time frame: When 0.8 MAC is reached and 10 minutes after intubation
Number of participants requiring ephedrine
Time frame: From induction of anaesthesia to 10 minutes after intubation
Time to first ephedrine administration
Time frame: From induction of anaesthesia to 10 minutes after intubation
State entropy
Time frame: 30 seconds after intubation (T1), when 0.8 MAC is reached (T2) and 10 minutes after intubation (T3)
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 26 Oct 2026.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Low-flow high-concentration wash-in (0.5 L/min, 8% sevoflurane), Low-flow wash-in (1 L/min, 4% sevoflurane) and Moderate-flow wash-in (2 L/min, 4% sevoflurane) in people with Anesthesia, General and Hypotension, run by Ataturk University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 8 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 26 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Cardiac index (time frame: 10 minutes after endotracheal intubation). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 26 Oct 2026.