EpistaxisNCT07898644
Nurse-Delivered First-Aid Education for Recurrent Pediatric Epistaxis
A study testing Nurse-Delivered First-Aid Education in people with Epistaxis and Recurrent Epistaxis, run by Cairo University at 1 site in Egypt.
Trial summary
Nosebleeds (epistaxis) are common in children and can cause anxiety for children and their caregivers. Although most nosebleeds can be managed at home using simple first-aid techniques, caregivers may not know the correct steps to stop bleeding or prevent repeated episodes. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 3 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Epistaxis, Recurrent Epistaxis
- What is being tested?
- Nurse-Delivered First-Aid Education
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 144 participants
- Where
- 1 siteEgypt
- Study dates
- 20 Jul 2026to 12 Oct 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 3 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Children aged 3-14 years with recurrent anterior epistaxis, defined as at least three caregiver-reported nosebleed episodes during the preceding three months.
- An anterior source of epistaxis confirmed by otorhinolaryngological examination.
- An accompanying primary caregiver aged 18 years or older.
- The caregiver was primarily responsible for managing the child's nosebleed episodes or was most often present when episodes occurred.
- The caregiver was able to communicate in Arabic.
- The caregiver had access to a mobile telephone for follow-up communication.
- The caregiver and child resided in the Al-Ahsa region of Saudi Arabia.
- The caregiver provided written informed consent for participation.
Who cannot join
- Children with a known coagulation or platelet disorder.
- Children receiving anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy.
- Children diagnosed with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.
- Children with a suspected sinonasal mass.
- Children with posterior epistaxis.
- Children who had undergone nasal or sinus surgery within the preceding three months.
Show all 9Show fewer
- Caregivers who were healthcare professionals.
- Caregivers who had participated in the pilot study.
- When more than one caregiver accompanied an eligible child, the family nominated the caregiver most frequently present during nosebleed episodes.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Nurse-Delivered First-Aid Education for Recurrent Pediatric Epistaxis: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Knowledge, Skills, and Recurrence-Related Healthcare Use
Nosebleeds (epistaxis) are common in children and can cause anxiety for children and their caregivers. Although most nosebleeds can be managed at home using simple first-aid techniques, caregivers may not know the correct steps to stop bleeding or prevent repeated episodes.
This randomized controlled trial evaluated whether a nurse-delivered first-aid education program could improve caregivers' knowledge and practical skills and reduce recurrent nosebleeds and related healthcare visits among children aged 3-14 years.
Read more
The study involved 144 caregiver-child pairs at a tertiary hospital in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The intervention group received an individual nurse-led education session lasting approximately 40-45 minutes, practical demonstrations and teach-back exercises, illustrated Arabic educational materials, and two follow-up telephone calls at weeks 2 and 6. The comparison group received usual medical care and advice.
Caregivers' first-aid knowledge and skills were assessed at the beginning of the study and again at 4 and 12 weeks. The main outcome was caregivers' ability to correctly demonstrate nosebleed first aid at 12 weeks. Other outcomes included first-aid knowledge, the number and duration of nosebleeds, whether bleeding could be stopped at home within 15 minutes, and unplanned healthcare visits.
The study aimed to determine whether a brief, structured nursing education program could help families manage recurrent childhood nosebleeds more effectively.
Read the detailed description
Background and Rationale
Recurrent anterior epistaxis is a common problem in childhood and can cause distress, interfere with family activities, and lead to unplanned healthcare visits. Effective first aid involves positioning the child upright, leaning slightly forward, and applying continuous pressure to the soft part of the nose. However, caregivers may use ineffective techniques, such as tilting the child's head backward or repeatedly releasing pressure. Structured education using demonstration, return demonstration, and teach-back may improve caregivers' ability to manage bleeding episodes safely.
Study Objective
The study evaluated the effectiveness of a structured nurse-delivered first-aid education program, compared with usual care, in improving caregivers' practical first-aid skills and knowledge and reducing recurrent epistaxis and related healthcare use among children.
Study Design and Setting
This was a two-arm, parallel-group, assessor-blinded, superiority randomized controlled trial with a 1:1 allocation ratio and 12-week follow-up. The study was conducted in the otorhinolaryngology outpatient clinic and pediatric emergency department of a tertiary hospital in Al-Ahsa, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.
A total of 144 caregiver-child pairs were randomized, with 72 assigned to the intervention group and 72 to the usual-care group. Allocation was based on a computer-generated randomization sequence using randomly varying block sizes of four and six, stratified by child age (3-7 years and 8-14 years). Sequentially numbered, opaque, sealed envelopes were used for allocation concealment. Outcome assessors were blinded to group assignment, although caregivers and intervention nurses could not be blinded.
Participants
Eligible participants were caregivers aged 18 years or older of children aged 3-14 years with recurrent anterior epistaxis, defined as at least three reported episodes in the preceding three months, with an anterior bleeding source confirmed by clinical examination. Caregivers were required to communicate in Arabic, have access to a mobile telephone, and reside in the Al-Ahsa region.
Intervention
The educational intervention was based on self-efficacy theory and the teach-back approach. It consisted of an individual 40-45-minute education session, practical demonstration and return demonstration of correct first-aid techniques, a two-page illustrated Arabic leaflet, a refrigerator reminder magnet, and telephone reinforcement at weeks 2 and 6.
Education covered common causes and triggers of childhood nosebleeds, correct positioning, continuous nasal compression, harmful practices to avoid, preventive measures, aftercare, and warning signs requiring medical attention. Caregivers practiced the techniques with feedback until they could demonstrate the required steps correctly.
Participants in the control group received usual otorhinolaryngology care, including standard physician advice and any clinically indicated treatment. Control caregivers were offered the educational materials and session after the final assessment.
Outcome Assessment
Measurements were obtained at baseline, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks. The primary outcome was the caregiver's observed first-aid skill score at 12 weeks, measured using a 10-item checklist with a total score ranging from 0 to 20, where higher scores indicated better performance.
Secondary outcomes included first-aid knowledge scores, first-aid skills at 4 weeks, the number of recurrent nosebleed episodes, episode duration, the proportion of episodes controlled at home within 15 minutes, and unscheduled epistaxis-related healthcare visits during the 12-week follow-up.
Caregivers recorded bleeding episodes and related healthcare use in structured diaries. Healthcare visits were additionally checked against available clinical records. Potential adverse events related to first-aid management were monitored throughout follow-up.
Statistical Approach
The primary comparison was planned using analysis of covariance, adjusting for baseline skill score and the child-age randomization stratum. Recurrent episode counts and healthcare utilization were analyzed using regression models appropriate for count outcomes. Analyses followed the intention-to-treat principle, with sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of the findings.
- Conditions
- Epistaxis, Recurrent Epistaxis
- Being tested
- Nurse-Delivered First-Aid Education, Usual Care
- Keywords
- Pediatric Epistaxis, Recurrent Nosebleeds, First-Aid Knowledge, First-Aid Skills
- Medical subject headings
- Epistaxis
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Nurse-Delivered First-Aid EducationBehavioural
A structured caregiver education program delivered individually by a trained nurse. The intervention consisted of one 40-45-minute face-to-face educational session covering the causes and triggers of pediatric epistaxis, correct positioning, continuous compression of the soft part of the nose, preventive measures, and warning signs requiring medical attention. The session incorporated demonstration, return demonstration, and teach-back. Caregivers received a two-page illustrated Arabic leaflet and a refrigerator reminder magnet. Two reinforcement telephone calls were provided at weeks 2 and 6. The intervention was delivered alongside usual clinical care.
Usual CareOther
Routine clinical management for recurrent pediatric epistaxis provided through standard otorhinolaryngology services. Care included clinical assessment, standard physician advice, and any treatment considered necessary by the treating clinician. Participants did not receive the structured nurse-delivered first-aid education program or its scheduled reinforcement components during follow-up.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Nurse-Delivered First-Aid Education | Experimental | Participants assigned to this arm received Nurse-Delivered First-Aid Education in addition to usual clinical care. The intervention included an individual 40-45-minute nurse-led educational session covering childhood epistaxis, correct first-aid techniques, preventive measures, and indications for seeking medical attention. Caregivers participated in practical demonstrations, return demonstrations, and teach-back exercises. They also received an illustrated Arabic leaflet, a reminder magnet, and reinforcement telephone calls at weeks 2 and 6. Participants were followed for 12 weeks. Receives: Behavioral: Nurse-Delivered First-Aid Education; Other: Usual Care |
| Usual Care | Active comparator | Participants assigned to this arm received Usual Care for recurrent childhood epistaxis, including routine otorhinolaryngology assessment, standard physician advice, and clinically indicated treatment. They did not receive the structured nurse-delivered educational session, practical teach-back training, illustrated educational package, or scheduled reinforcement telephone calls during the 12-week follow-up. The educational materials and session were offered after the final assessment. Receives: Other: Usual Care |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Caregiver First-Aid Skills Score at 12 Weeks
Caregivers' ability to perform correct first aid for pediatric epistaxis was assessed using the Epistaxis First-Aid Skills Checklist during a standardized scenario with a pediatric manikin. The checklist contains 10 actions, each scored 0 (not performed or incorrect), 1 (partly correct), or 2 (fully correct). Total scores range from 0 to 20, with higher scores indicating better first-aid performance. The primary comparison was the 12-week score between the intervention and control groups, adjusted for baseline skill score and child age stratum.
Measured: 12 weeks after randomization
Secondary outcomes (2)
Title: Caregiver First-Aid Knowledge Score
Description: Caregiver knowledge of pediatric epistaxis first aid was measured using the 20-item Epistaxis First-Aid Knowledge Questionnaire, covering causes, prevention, first-aid steps, harmful practices, afte
Measured: Baseline, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks
Caregiver First-Aid Skills Score at 4 Weeks
Caregiver first-aid performance was assessed using the 10-item Epistaxis First-Aid Skills Checklist in a standardized manikin-based scenario. Each action was scored from 0 to 2, yielding a total score of 0 to 20. Higher scores indicate better performance.
Measured: 4 weeks after randomization
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted27 Oct 2026
- Study start20 Jul 2026
- Primary completion18 Sep 2026
- Study completion12 Oct 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (3)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for EpistaxisStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Cairo UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- This study used a two-arm, parallel-group, randomized controlled design with a 1:1 allocation ratio. Caregiver-child pairs were randomly assigned to either a structured nurse-delivered first-aid education intervention or usual care. Participants remained in their assigned groups throughout the 12-week follow-up period.
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 144 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Cairo University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Mostafa Shaban, Cairo University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07898644
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- KFSU-BC-c
- Status last verified
- Oct 2026
- First submitted
- 14 Oct 2026
- Last updated
- 27 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Lu YX, Liang JQ, Gu QL, Pang C, Huang CL. Pediatric Epistaxis and Its Correlation Between Air Pollutants in Beijing From 2014 to 2017. Ear Nose Throat J. 2020 Sep;99(8):513-517. doi: 10.1177/0145561319852581. Epub 2019 May 28.
PubMed 31138029Damrose JF, Maddalozzo J. Pediatric epistaxis. Laryngoscope. 2006 Mar;116(3):387-93. doi: 10.1097/01.MLG.0000195369.01289.9B.
PubMed 16540895Hadar A, Peleg U, Ghantous J, Tarnovsky Y, Cohen A, Sichel JY, Attal P. Pediatric Epistaxis-Effectiveness of Conservative Management. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2024 Jul 1;40(7):551-554. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000003190. Epub 2024 Apr 2.
PubMed 38563814
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 27 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Nurse-Delivered First-Aid Education for Recurrent Pediatric Epistaxis: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Knowledge, Skills, and Recurrence-Related Healthcare Use
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07898644
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- KFSU-BC-c
- Conditions
- Epistaxis, Recurrent Epistaxis
- Keywords
- Pediatric Epistaxis, Recurrent Nosebleeds, First-Aid Knowledge, First-Aid Skills
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 144 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Cairo UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 20 Jul 2026 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 18 Sep 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 12 Oct 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 27 Oct 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Nosebleeds (epistaxis) are common in children and can cause anxiety for children and their caregivers. Although most nosebleeds can be managed at home using simple first-aid techniques, caregivers may not know the correct steps to stop bleeding or prevent repeated episodes.
This randomized controlled trial evaluated whether a nurse-delivered first-aid education program could improve caregivers' knowledge and practical skills and reduce recurrent nosebleeds and related healthcare visits among children aged 3-14 years.
The study involved 144 caregiver-child pairs at a tertiary hospital in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The intervention group received an individual nurse-led education session lasting approximately 40-45 minutes, practical demonstrations and teach-back exercises, illustrated Arabic educational materials, and two follow-up telephone calls at weeks 2 and 6. The comparison group received usual medical care and advice.
Caregivers' first-aid knowledge and skills were assessed at the beginning of the study and again at 4 and 12 weeks. The main outcome was caregivers' ability to correctly demonstrate nosebleed first aid at 12 weeks. Other outcomes included first-aid knowledge, the number and duration of nosebleeds, whether bleeding could be stopped at home within 15 minutes, and unplanned healthcare visits.
The study aimed to determine whether a brief, structured nursing education program could help families manage recurrent childhood nosebleeds more effectively.
Detailed description
Background and Rationale
Recurrent anterior epistaxis is a common problem in childhood and can cause distress, interfere with family activities, and lead to unplanned healthcare visits. Effective first aid involves positioning the child upright, leaning slightly forward, and applying continuous pressure to the soft part of the nose. However, caregivers may use ineffective techniques, such as tilting the child's head backward or repeatedly releasing pressure. Structured education using demonstration, return demonstration, and teach-back may improve caregivers' ability to manage bleeding episodes safely.
Study Objective
The study evaluated the effectiveness of a structured nurse-delivered first-aid education program, compared with usual care, in improving caregivers' practical first-aid skills and knowledge and reducing recurrent epistaxis and related healthcare use among children.
Study Design and Setting
This was a two-arm, parallel-group, assessor-blinded, superiority randomized controlled trial with a 1:1 allocation ratio and 12-week follow-up. The study was conducted in the otorhinolaryngology outpatient clinic and pediatric emergency department of a tertiary hospital in Al-Ahsa, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.
A total of 144 caregiver-child pairs were randomized, with 72 assigned to the intervention group and 72 to the usual-care group. Allocation was based on a computer-generated randomization sequence using randomly varying block sizes of four and six, stratified by child age (3-7 years and 8-14 years). Sequentially numbered, opaque, sealed envelopes were used for allocation concealment. Outcome assessors were blinded to group assignment, although caregivers and intervention nurses could not be blinded.
Participants
Eligible participants were caregivers aged 18 years or older of children aged 3-14 years with recurrent anterior epistaxis, defined as at least three reported episodes in the preceding three months, with an anterior bleeding source confirmed by clinical examination. Caregivers were required to communicate in Arabic, have access to a mobile telephone, and reside in the Al-Ahsa region.
Intervention
The educational intervention was based on self-efficacy theory and the teach-back approach. It consisted of an individual 40-45-minute education session, practical demonstration and return demonstration of correct first-aid techniques, a two-page illustrated Arabic leaflet, a refrigerator reminder magnet, and telephone reinforcement at weeks 2 and 6.
Education covered common causes and triggers of childhood nosebleeds, correct positioning, continuous nasal compression, harmful practices to avoid, preventive measures, aftercare, and warning signs requiring medical attention. Caregivers practiced the techniques with feedback until they could demonstrate the required steps correctly.
Participants in the control group received usual otorhinolaryngology care, including standard physician advice and any clinically indicated treatment. Control caregivers were offered the educational materials and session after the final assessment.
Outcome Assessment
Measurements were obtained at baseline, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks. The primary outcome was the caregiver's observed first-aid skill score at 12 weeks, measured using a 10-item checklist with a total score ranging from 0 to 20, where higher scores indicated better performance.
Secondary outcomes included first-aid knowledge scores, first-aid skills at 4 weeks, the number of recurrent nosebleed episodes, episode duration, the proportion of episodes controlled at home within 15 minutes, and unscheduled epistaxis-related healthcare visits during the 12-week follow-up.
Caregivers recorded bleeding episodes and related healthcare use in structured diaries. Healthcare visits were additionally checked against available clinical records. Potential adverse events related to first-aid management were monitored throughout follow-up.
Statistical Approach
The primary comparison was planned using analysis of covariance, adjusting for baseline skill score and the child-age randomization stratum. Recurrent episode counts and healthcare utilization were analyzed using regression models appropriate for count outcomes. Analyses followed the intention-to-treat principle, with sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of the findings.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- This study used a two-arm, parallel-group, randomized controlled design with a 1:1 allocation ratio. Caregiver-child pairs were randomly assigned to either a structured nurse-delivered first-aid education intervention or usual care. Participants remained in their assigned groups throughout the 12-week follow-up period.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Nurse-Delivered First-Aid Education | Experimental | Behavioral: Nurse-Delivered First-Aid Education, Other: Usual CareParticipants assigned to this arm received Nurse-Delivered First-Aid Education in addition to usual clinical care. The intervention included an individual 40-45-minute nurse-led educational session covering childhood epistaxis, correct first-aid techniques, preventive measures, and indications for seeking medical attention. Caregivers participated in practical demonstrations, return demonstrations, and teach-back exercises. They also received an illustrated Arabic leaflet, a reminder magnet, and reinforcement telephone calls at weeks 2 and 6. Participants were followed for 12 weeks. |
| Usual Care | Active comparator | Other: Usual CareParticipants assigned to this arm received Usual Care for recurrent childhood epistaxis, including routine otorhinolaryngology assessment, standard physician advice, and clinically indicated treatment. They did not receive the structured nurse-delivered educational session, practical teach-back training, illustrated educational package, or scheduled reinforcement telephone calls during the 12-week follow-up. The educational materials and session were offered after the final assessment. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 3 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (8 listed)
- Children aged 3-14 years with recurrent anterior epistaxis, defined as at least three caregiver-reported nosebleed episodes during the preceding three months.
- An anterior source of epistaxis confirmed by otorhinolaryngological examination.
- An accompanying primary caregiver aged 18 years or older.
- The caregiver was primarily responsible for managing the child's nosebleed episodes or was most often present when episodes occurred.
- The caregiver was able to communicate in Arabic.
Key exclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Children with a known coagulation or platelet disorder.
- Children receiving anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy.
- Children diagnosed with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.
- Children with a suspected sinonasal mass.
- Children with posterior epistaxis.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Nurse-Delivered First-Aid EducationA structured caregiver education program delivered individually by a trained nurse. The intervention consisted of one 40-45-minute face-to-face educational session covering the causes and triggers of pediatric epistaxis, correct positioning, continuous compression of the soft part of the nose, preventive measures, and warning signs requiring medical attention. The session incorporated demonstration, return demonstration, and teach-back. Caregivers received a two-page illustrated Arabic leaflet and a refrigerator reminder magnet. Two reinforcement telephone calls were provided at weeks 2 and 6. The intervention was delivered alongside usual clinical care. | Behavioural | Nurse-Delivered First-Aid Education |
| Usual CareRoutine clinical management for recurrent pediatric epistaxis provided through standard otorhinolaryngology services. Care included clinical assessment, standard physician advice, and any treatment considered necessary by the treating clinician. Participants did not receive the structured nurse-delivered first-aid education program or its scheduled reinforcement components during follow-up. | Other | Nurse-Delivered First-Aid Education, Usual Care |
Primary outcome
Caregiver First-Aid Skills Score at 12 Weeks
Time frame: 12 weeks after randomization
Caregivers' ability to perform correct first aid for pediatric epistaxis was assessed using the Epistaxis First-Aid Skills Checklist during a standardized scenario with a pediatric manikin. The checklist contains 10 actions, each scored 0 (not performed or incorrect), 1 (partly correct), or 2 (fully correct). Total scores range from 0 to 20, with higher scores indicating better first-aid performance. The primary comparison was the 12-week score between the intervention and control groups, adjusted for baseline skill score and child age stratum.
2 secondary outcomes
Title: Caregiver First-Aid Knowledge Score
Time frame: Baseline, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks
Caregiver First-Aid Skills Score at 4 Weeks
Time frame: 4 weeks after randomization
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 27 Oct 2026.
- Background: PubMed 31138029Lu YX, Liang JQ, Gu QL, Pang C, Huang CL. Pediatric Epistaxis and Its Correlation Between Air Pollutants in Beijing From 2014 to 2017. Ear Nose Throat J. 2020 Sep;99(8):513-517. doi: 10.1177/0145561319852581. Epub 2019 May 28.
- Background: PubMed 16540895Damrose JF, Maddalozzo J. Pediatric epistaxis. Laryngoscope. 2006 Mar;116(3):387-93. doi: 10.1097/01.MLG.0000195369.01289.9B.
- Background: PubMed 38563814Hadar A, Peleg U, Ghantous J, Tarnovsky Y, Cohen A, Sichel JY, Attal P. Pediatric Epistaxis-Effectiveness of Conservative Management. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2024 Jul 1;40(7):551-554. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000003190. Epub 2024 Apr 2.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Nurse-Delivered First-Aid Education in people with Epistaxis and Recurrent Epistaxis, run by Cairo University at 1 site in Egypt.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 8 inclusion and 9 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 27 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Egypt. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Caregiver First-Aid Skills Score at 12 Weeks (time frame: 12 weeks after randomization). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07898644, which also lists 3 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 27 Oct 2026; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 7 Nov 2026.