Healthy EatingNCT07901361
Screen-Based Simulation for Adolescents' Healthy Eating Attitudes and Nutrition Literacy
A study testing Screen-Based Simulation Healthy Eating Education and Slide Presentation Healthy Eating Education in people with Healthy Eating and Nutrition Literacy, run by Balikesir University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effect of healthy eating education delivered through screen-based simulation on healthy eating attitudes and nutrition literacy in adolescents attending a high school. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 15 to 17 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Healthy Eating, Nutrition Literacy, Adolescent Nutrition
- What is being tested?
- Screen-Based Simulation Healthy Eating Education and Slide Presentation Healthy Eating Education
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 334 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Mar 2024to 30 Jun 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 15 to 17 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child
Who may be able to join
- Adolescents attending the vocational and technical high school where the study was conducted
- Volunteering to participate in the study
- Providing informed consent (student assent and parental consent)
- Completing the data collection forms in full
Who cannot join
- Not volunteering or not providing informed consent
- Incomplete data collection forms
- Leaving school or not attending the education session before the end of the study
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Vocational and Technical High School
Balıkesir
About this study
Official title: Effect of Screen-Based Simulation on Adolescents' Healthy Eating Attitudes and Nutrition Literacy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effect of healthy eating education delivered through screen-based simulation on healthy eating attitudes and nutrition literacy in adolescents attending a high school. The study tested the following hypotheses: H1: Healthy eating education delivered to adolescents through screen-based simulation has an effect on their healthy eating attitudes. H2: Healthy eating education delivered to adolescents through screen-based simulation has an effect on their nutrition literacy. Adolescents were randomly assigned to a simulation-based education group or a slide presentation group (active comparator). Participants completed a pre-test, received a single 40-minute healthy eating education session (either an individual screen-based simulation on their own mobile phones or a slide-supported lecture with a question-and-answer session), and completed a post-test 20 days after the education.
Read the detailed description
Adolescence is a critical period in which lifelong eating habits are established, and nutrition literacy is an important determinant of adolescents' healthy eating attitudes and behaviors. Adolescents interact closely with technology, and simulation-based education places the learner at the center of the learning process. However, no study examining the effect of screen-based simulation on adolescents' healthy eating attitudes and nutrition literacy was found in the literature.
This two-group, pre-test/post-test randomized controlled trial was conducted between March and June 2024 at a public vocational and technical high school in Balikesir, Turkey, and was designed and reported in accordance with the CONSORT guidelines. Based on a power analysis (G*Power 3.1.9.2; 95% power, alpha = 0.05, effect size d = 0.40), at least 167 students per group (334 in total) were planned. Because 11 students stopped attending school, the study was completed with 323 students (simulation-based education group n = 160; slide presentation group n = 163).
Randomization: The randomization list was generated by an independent statistician using www.randomizer.org. Students were allocated in equal numbers to the two groups using stratification by class lists and grade level. The allocation list was kept only by the person who generated it until the education sessions began; the researcher who enrolled the students and collected pre-test data had no access to it. Due to the nature of the interventions, participants and educators could not be blinded. Data were coded as Group A and Group B and analyzed by a statistician blinded to group allocation.
Interventions: The screen-based simulation was developed in accordance with the INACSL Healthcare Simulation Standards of Best Practice. It featured an avatar designed as a virtual school nurse and included scenarios on preparing a healthy breakfast plate, lunch choices at school and their consequences, nutrition literacy concepts with a reading activity based on a World Health Organization text, building a healthy plate using a drag-and-drop method, and purchasing healthy foods at a supermarket followed by guidance on cooking techniques. The slide presentation covered adequate and balanced nutrition in adolescence, energy balance, nutrition-related health problems, the four basic food groups, the healthy plate model, the Turkey Nutrition and Physical Activity Pyramid, and food safety. Both educational materials were prepared based on the same national guidelines and literature. Education sessions were delivered face-to-face to groups of 30 students during one class period (40 minutes).
Data collection: The Sociodemographic Data Form, the Adolescent Nutrition Literacy Scale (ANLS), and the Attitude Scale for Healthy Nutrition (ASHN) were administered immediately before the education (pre-test) and 20 days after the education (post-test). Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 with descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, the independent samples t-test, and the paired samples t-test; p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. No interim analysis was performed and no adverse events were observed.
- Conditions
- Healthy Eating, Nutrition Literacy, Adolescent Nutrition
- Being tested
- Screen-Based Simulation Healthy Eating Education, Slide Presentation Healthy Eating Education
- Keywords
- Screen-Based Simulation, Healthy Eating Attitude, Nursing Education, School Health Nursing, Adolescent, Pediatric Nursing
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Screen-Based Simulation Healthy Eating EducationBehavioural
A single 40-minute, face-to-face session delivered to groups of 30 students, in which each student individually completed a screen-based simulation on their own mobile phone under researcher supervision. The simulation, developed according to INACSL Healthcare Simulation Standards of Best Practice (Canva Pro, Lumi Education, Voiser), features an avatar virtual school nurse and includes scenarios on preparing a healthy breakfast plate, school lunch choices and their consequences, nutrition literacy concepts with a WHO text reading activity, building a healthy plate by drag-and-drop, and purchasing healthy foods at a supermarket with guidance on cooking techniques.
Slide Presentation Healthy Eating EducationBehavioural
A single 40-minute, face-to-face, presentation-supported lecture delivered to groups of 30 students by a school nurse specializing in public health nursing, followed by a question-and-answer session. The slide presentation (prepared on Canva based on Ministry of Health, TUBER and Ministry of National Education guidelines) covers adequate and balanced nutrition in adolescence, energy balance, nutrition-related health problems (obesity, anemia, iodine deficiency, eating disorders, dental caries), the four basic food groups, the healthy plate model, the Turkey Nutrition and Physical Activity Pyramid, foods to increase or reduce, and food safety.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Simulation-Based Education Group | Experimental | Adolescents in this arm received healthy eating education through an individually completed screen-based simulation on their own mobile phones in a single 40-minute supervised session. Pre-test was administered immediately before the education and post-test 20 days after the education. Receives: Behavioral: Screen-Based Simulation Healthy Eating Education |
| Slide Presentation Group | Active comparator | Adolescents in this arm received healthy eating education through a face-to-face, slide presentation-supported lecture followed by a question-and-answer session in a single 40-minute session. Pre-test was administered immediately before the education and post-test 20 days after the education. Receives: Behavioral: Slide Presentation Healthy Eating Education |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Nutrition Literacy (Adolescent Nutrition Literacy Scale, ANLS)
Nutrition literacy was measured with the Adolescent Nutrition Literacy Scale (ANLS), using its validated Turkish version. The 22-item, 5-point Likert scale has three subdimensions: functional (7 items, reverse-scored), interactive (6 items), and critical (9 items) nutrition literacy. Total scores range from 22 to 110; higher scores indicate a higher level of nutrition literacy (better outcome). Total and subdimension scores were compared within and between groups.
Measured: Baseline (immediately before the education) and 20 days after the education
Healthy Eating Attitude (Attitude Scale for Healthy Nutrition, ASHN)
Attitude toward healthy eating was measured with the Attitude Scale for Healthy Nutrition (ASHN). The 21-item, 5-point Likert scale has four factors (Information on Nutrition, Emotion for Nutrition, Positive Nutrition, Malnutrition) and was analyzed based on the total score. Total scores range from 21 to 105; higher scores indicate a more positive attitude toward healthy eating (better outcome).
Measured: Baseline (immediately before the education) and 20 days after the education
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted28 Oct 2026
- Study start1 Mar 2024
- Primary completion1 Jun 2024
- Study completion30 Jun 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Healthy EatingStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Two-group, parallel, pre-test/post-test randomized controlled design: a screen-based simulation education group and a slide presentation education group (active comparator). Students were stratified by class lists and grade level and allocated in equal numbers to the two groups.
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 334 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Balikesir University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Serap Kaynak, Balikesir University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07901361
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2024/34
- Status last verified
- Oct 2026
- First submitted
- 22 Oct 2026
- Last updated
- 30 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Individual participant data will not be shared publicly because participants are minors and confidentiality was guaranteed in the informed consent. Data may be made available by the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 30 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effect of Screen-Based Simulation on Adolescents' Healthy Eating Attitudes and Nutrition Literacy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07901361
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2024/34
- Conditions
- Healthy Eating, Nutrition Literacy, Adolescent Nutrition
- Keywords
- Screen-Based Simulation, Healthy Eating Attitude, Nursing Education, School Health Nursing, Adolescent, Pediatric Nursing
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 334 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Balikesir UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Mar 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Jun 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Jun 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 28 Oct 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effect of healthy eating education delivered through screen-based simulation on healthy eating attitudes and nutrition literacy in adolescents attending a high school. The study tested the following hypotheses: H1: Healthy eating education delivered to adolescents through screen-based simulation has an effect on their healthy eating attitudes. H2: Healthy eating education delivered to adolescents through screen-based simulation has an effect on their nutrition literacy. Adolescents were randomly assigned to a simulation-based education group or a slide presentation group (active comparator). Participants completed a pre-test, received a single 40-minute healthy eating education session (either an individual screen-based simulation on their own mobile phones or a slide-supported lecture with a question-and-answer session), and completed a post-test 20 days after the education.
Detailed description
Adolescence is a critical period in which lifelong eating habits are established, and nutrition literacy is an important determinant of adolescents' healthy eating attitudes and behaviors. Adolescents interact closely with technology, and simulation-based education places the learner at the center of the learning process. However, no study examining the effect of screen-based simulation on adolescents' healthy eating attitudes and nutrition literacy was found in the literature.
This two-group, pre-test/post-test randomized controlled trial was conducted between March and June 2024 at a public vocational and technical high school in Balikesir, Turkey, and was designed and reported in accordance with the CONSORT guidelines. Based on a power analysis (G*Power 3.1.9.2; 95% power, alpha = 0.05, effect size d = 0.40), at least 167 students per group (334 in total) were planned. Because 11 students stopped attending school, the study was completed with 323 students (simulation-based education group n = 160; slide presentation group n = 163).
Randomization: The randomization list was generated by an independent statistician using www.randomizer.org. Students were allocated in equal numbers to the two groups using stratification by class lists and grade level. The allocation list was kept only by the person who generated it until the education sessions began; the researcher who enrolled the students and collected pre-test data had no access to it. Due to the nature of the interventions, participants and educators could not be blinded. Data were coded as Group A and Group B and analyzed by a statistician blinded to group allocation.
Interventions: The screen-based simulation was developed in accordance with the INACSL Healthcare Simulation Standards of Best Practice. It featured an avatar designed as a virtual school nurse and included scenarios on preparing a healthy breakfast plate, lunch choices at school and their consequences, nutrition literacy concepts with a reading activity based on a World Health Organization text, building a healthy plate using a drag-and-drop method, and purchasing healthy foods at a supermarket followed by guidance on cooking techniques. The slide presentation covered adequate and balanced nutrition in adolescence, energy balance, nutrition-related health problems, the four basic food groups, the healthy plate model, the Turkey Nutrition and Physical Activity Pyramid, and food safety. Both educational materials were prepared based on the same national guidelines and literature. Education sessions were delivered face-to-face to groups of 30 students during one class period (40 minutes).
Data collection: The Sociodemographic Data Form, the Adolescent Nutrition Literacy Scale (ANLS), and the Attitude Scale for Healthy Nutrition (ASHN) were administered immediately before the education (pre-test) and 20 days after the education (post-test). Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 with descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, the independent samples t-test, and the paired samples t-test; p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. No interim analysis was performed and no adverse events were observed.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Two-group, parallel, pre-test/post-test randomized controlled design: a screen-based simulation education group and a slide presentation education group (active comparator). Students were stratified by class lists and grade level and allocated in equal numbers to the two groups.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Simulation-Based Education Group | Experimental | Behavioral: Screen-Based Simulation Healthy Eating EducationAdolescents in this arm received healthy eating education through an individually completed screen-based simulation on their own mobile phones in a single 40-minute supervised session. Pre-test was administered immediately before the education and post-test 20 days after the education. |
| Slide Presentation Group | Active comparator | Behavioral: Slide Presentation Healthy Eating EducationAdolescents in this arm received healthy eating education through a face-to-face, slide presentation-supported lecture followed by a question-and-answer session in a single 40-minute session. Pre-test was administered immediately before the education and post-test 20 days after the education. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 15 to 17 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Adolescents attending the vocational and technical high school where the study was conducted
- Volunteering to participate in the study
- Providing informed consent (student assent and parental consent)
- Completing the data collection forms in full
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Not volunteering or not providing informed consent
- Incomplete data collection forms
- Leaving school or not attending the education session before the end of the study
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Screen-Based Simulation Healthy Eating EducationA single 40-minute, face-to-face session delivered to groups of 30 students, in which each student individually completed a screen-based simulation on their own mobile phone under researcher supervision. The simulation, developed according to INACSL Healthcare Simulation Standards of Best Practice (Canva Pro, Lumi Education, Voiser), features an avatar virtual school nurse and includes scenarios on preparing a healthy breakfast plate, school lunch choices and their consequences, nutrition literacy concepts with a WHO text reading activity, building a healthy plate by drag-and-drop, and purchasing healthy foods at a supermarket with guidance on cooking techniques. | Behavioural | Simulation-Based Education Group |
| Slide Presentation Healthy Eating EducationA single 40-minute, face-to-face, presentation-supported lecture delivered to groups of 30 students by a school nurse specializing in public health nursing, followed by a question-and-answer session. The slide presentation (prepared on Canva based on Ministry of Health, TUBER and Ministry of National Education guidelines) covers adequate and balanced nutrition in adolescence, energy balance, nutrition-related health problems (obesity, anemia, iodine deficiency, eating disorders, dental caries), the four basic food groups, the healthy plate model, the Turkey Nutrition and Physical Activity Pyramid, foods to increase or reduce, and food safety. | Behavioural | Slide Presentation Group |
Primary outcome
Nutrition Literacy (Adolescent Nutrition Literacy Scale, ANLS)
Time frame: Baseline (immediately before the education) and 20 days after the education
Nutrition literacy was measured with the Adolescent Nutrition Literacy Scale (ANLS), using its validated Turkish version. The 22-item, 5-point Likert scale has three subdimensions: functional (7 items, reverse-scored), interactive (6 items), and critical (9 items) nutrition literacy. Total scores range from 22 to 110; higher scores indicate a higher level of nutrition literacy (better outcome). Total and subdimension scores were compared within and between groups.
Healthy Eating Attitude (Attitude Scale for Healthy Nutrition, ASHN)
Time frame: Baseline (immediately before the education) and 20 days after the education
Attitude toward healthy eating was measured with the Attitude Scale for Healthy Nutrition (ASHN). The 21-item, 5-point Likert scale has four factors (Information on Nutrition, Emotion for Nutrition, Positive Nutrition, Malnutrition) and was analyzed based on the total score. Total scores range from 21 to 105; higher scores indicate a more positive attitude toward healthy eating (better outcome).
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 30 Oct 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Individual participant data will not be shared publicly because participants are minors and confidentiality was guaranteed in the informed consent. Data may be made available by the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Screen-Based Simulation Healthy Eating Education and Slide Presentation Healthy Eating Education in people with Healthy Eating and Nutrition Literacy, run by Balikesir University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 30 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Nutrition Literacy (Adolescent Nutrition Literacy Scale, ANLS) (time frame: Baseline (immediately before the education) and 20 days after the education). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 30 Oct 2026; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 6 Nov 2026.