Dental PlaqueNCT07909213
Comparison of Model-Based and Video-Based Toothbrushing Instruction in Children
A study testing Video-Based Toothbrushing Instruction and Model-Based Toothbrushing Instruction in people with Dental Plaque and Oral Hygiene, run by Karabuk University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Good toothbrushing is important for keeping children's teeth healthy. Dentists commonly teach children how to brush their teeth using dental models or instructional videos. However, it is not clear whether one method helps children clean their teeth more effectively than the other. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 7 to 9 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Dental Plaque, Oral Hygiene
- What is being tested?
- Video-Based Toothbrushing Instruction and Model-Based Toothbrushing Instruction
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 72 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 11 May 2026to 27 Aug 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 7 to 9 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child
Who may be able to join
- Children aged 7-9 years attending primary school. Presence of at least six teeth suitable for plaque scoring in the maxillary and mandibular anterior regions (canine to canine), including primary or permanent teeth.
- No systemic diseases. No orthodontic brackets, fixed appliances, or retainers.
Who cannot join
- Professional dental scaling or plaque removal within the previous month. Anterior teeth unsuitable for plaque assessment because of enamel defects, extensive caries, dental trauma, or restorations.
- Intraoral conditions that could interfere with standardised photographic assessment.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Karabuk Oral and Dental Health Training and Research Hospital
Karabük, Karabük Province, 78100
About this study
Official title: Evaluation of the Effect of Different Oral Hygiene Education Methods on Plaque Removal Efficacy in Children Using a Plaque-Disclosing Agent
Good toothbrushing is important for keeping children's teeth healthy. Dentists commonly teach children how to brush their teeth using dental models or instructional videos. However, it is not clear whether one method helps children clean their teeth more effectively than the other.
The purpose of this study was to compare face-to-face toothbrushing instruction using a dental model with video-based instruction in children aged 7 to 9 years.
Read more
Children were randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group watched a video showing how to brush teeth using a dental model, while the other group received a face-to-face demonstration using the same model and toothbrushing technique.
After instruction, a plaque-disclosing tablet was used to make dental plaque visible on the children's teeth. Photographs were taken before and after the children brushed their teeth for two minutes. The researchers then compared how much plaque was removed in each group.
The main question was whether the two teaching methods differed in helping children remove dental plaque immediately after instruction.
Read the detailed description
This randomised, single-blind, parallel-group clinical trial compared the immediate plaque removal efficacy of model-based and video-based toothbrushing instruction in children aged 7-9 years.
Participants were randomly assigned to two instructional groups. In the model-based instruction group, the researcher demonstrated the Fones toothbrushing technique face-to-face using a dental model. In the video-based instruction group, children watched a pre-recorded demonstration of the same technique. Instruction lasted approximately 3-5 minutes in both groups.
Dental plaque was disclosed before and after two minutes of toothbrushing using a standardised toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste. Intraoral photographs were obtained under standardised conditions, and plaque accumulation was assessed using the Turesky Modified Quigley-Hein Plaque Index. The outcome assessor was blinded to group allocation.
The primary outcome was the percentage of plaque removed immediately after instruction. Between-group comparisons were performed, with additional analysis adjusting for baseline plaque levels. The study was designed to assess immediate toothbrushing performance rather than long-term changes in oral hygiene habits.
- Conditions
- Dental Plaque, Oral Hygiene
- Being tested
- Video-Based Toothbrushing Instruction, Model-Based Toothbrushing Instruction
- Keywords
- Toothbrushing, Oral Hygiene Education, Plaque Removal, Model-Based Instruction, Video-Based Instruction, Fones Technique, Children
- Medical subject headings
- Dental Plaque
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Video-Based Toothbrushing InstructionBehavioural
Children watched a pre-recorded instructional video in which the researcher demonstrated the Fones toothbrushing technique using a dental model. The instruction lasted approximately 3-5 minutes.
Model-Based Toothbrushing InstructionBehavioural
The researcher provided face-to-face instruction by demonstrating the Fones toothbrushing technique using a large dental model. The instruction lasted approximately 3-5 minutes.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Video-Based Instruction (VBI) | Experimental | Children received toothbrushing instruction by watching a pre-recorded video demonstrating the Fones technique on a dental model. Instruction lasted approximately 3-5 minutes. Following instruction, children brushed their teeth for two minutes using a standardised toothbrush and toothpaste. Receives: Behavioral: Video-Based Toothbrushing Instruction |
| Model-Based Instruction (MBI) | Experimental | Children received face-to-face toothbrushing instruction from the researcher using a dental model to demonstrate the Fones technique. Instruction lasted approximately 3-5 minutes. Following instruction, children brushed their teeth for two minutes using a standardised toothbrush and toothpaste. Receives: Behavioral: Model-Based Toothbrushing Instruction |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Percentage of Dental Plaque Removal
The percentage of dental plaque removed during toothbrushing was calculated using the Turesky Modified Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (TMQHPI). Plaque was disclosed and scored from standardised intraoral photographs before and after toothbrushing. Plaque removal percentage was calculated as [(pre-brushing TMQHPI score - post-brushing TMQHPI score) / pre-brushing TMQHPI score] × 100. A higher percentage indicated greater plaque removal.
Measured: Immediately after the two-minute toothbrushing session, on the same day as instruction.
Secondary outcomes (1)
Pre-Toothbrushing Dental Plaque Score (TMQHPI)
Dental plaque accumulation was assessed before toothbrushing using the Turesky Modified Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (TMQHPI) on disclosed anterior tooth surfaces. Scores range from 0 (no plaque) to 5 (plaque covering two-thirds or more of the tooth crown). Higher scores indicate greater plaque accumulation.
Measured: Immediately after instruction, before the two-minute toothbrushing session.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted2 Nov 2026
- Study start11 May 2026
- Primary completion27 Aug 2026
- Study completion27 Aug 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (3)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Dental PlaqueStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Participants were randomly assigned to one of two parallel groups. One group received face-to-face toothbrushing instruction using a dental model, while the other group watched a pre-recorded video demonstrating the same Fones toothbrushing technique. Plaque removal was assessed immediately after instruction.
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 72 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Karabuk University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Ecem Elif Çege, Karabuk University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07909213
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- KBÜ-2026-2716
- Other IDs
- 1919B012551747
- Status last verified
- Oct 2026
- First submitted
- 26 Oct 2026
- Last updated
- 2 Nov 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Individual participant data will not be shared due to privacy and confidentiality considerations, as the study involves children and includes intraoral photographs and individual clinical records.
Publications
Salama F, Abobakr I, Al-Khodair N, Al-Wakeel M. Evaluation of tablet PC as a tool for teaching tooth brushing to children. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2016 Dec;17(4):327-331.
PubMed 28045324Tusi SK, Momeni Z, Hamdollahpoor H, Parviz N, Ghorbani M. Evaluating the effectiveness of various teaching methods on dental plaque removal in children: a quasi-experimental study. BMC Pediatr. 2025 Feb 12;25(1):109. doi: 10.1186/s12887-025-05438-6.
PubMed 39939902Rajab LD, Assaf DH, El-Smadi LA, Hamdan AA. Comparison of effectiveness of oral hygiene instruction methods in improving plaque scores among 8-9-year children: a randomized controlled trial. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2022 Apr;23(2):289-300. doi: 10.1007/s40368-021-00680-9. Epub 2021 Nov 15.
PubMed 34780032
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 2 Nov 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Evaluation of the Effect of Different Oral Hygiene Education Methods on Plaque Removal Efficacy in Children Using a Plaque-Disclosing Agent
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07909213
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- KBÜ-2026-2716
- Conditions
- Dental Plaque, Oral Hygiene
- Keywords
- Toothbrushing, Oral Hygiene Education, Plaque Removal, Model-Based Instruction, Video-Based Instruction, Fones Technique, Children
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 72 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Karabuk UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey
- Study start
- 11 May 2026 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 27 Aug 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 27 Aug 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 2 Nov 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Good toothbrushing is important for keeping children's teeth healthy. Dentists commonly teach children how to brush their teeth using dental models or instructional videos. However, it is not clear whether one method helps children clean their teeth more effectively than the other.
The purpose of this study was to compare face-to-face toothbrushing instruction using a dental model with video-based instruction in children aged 7 to 9 years.
Children were randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group watched a video showing how to brush teeth using a dental model, while the other group received a face-to-face demonstration using the same model and toothbrushing technique.
After instruction, a plaque-disclosing tablet was used to make dental plaque visible on the children's teeth. Photographs were taken before and after the children brushed their teeth for two minutes. The researchers then compared how much plaque was removed in each group.
The main question was whether the two teaching methods differed in helping children remove dental plaque immediately after instruction.
Detailed description
This randomised, single-blind, parallel-group clinical trial compared the immediate plaque removal efficacy of model-based and video-based toothbrushing instruction in children aged 7-9 years.
Participants were randomly assigned to two instructional groups. In the model-based instruction group, the researcher demonstrated the Fones toothbrushing technique face-to-face using a dental model. In the video-based instruction group, children watched a pre-recorded demonstration of the same technique. Instruction lasted approximately 3-5 minutes in both groups.
Dental plaque was disclosed before and after two minutes of toothbrushing using a standardised toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste. Intraoral photographs were obtained under standardised conditions, and plaque accumulation was assessed using the Turesky Modified Quigley-Hein Plaque Index. The outcome assessor was blinded to group allocation.
The primary outcome was the percentage of plaque removed immediately after instruction. Between-group comparisons were performed, with additional analysis adjusting for baseline plaque levels. The study was designed to assess immediate toothbrushing performance rather than long-term changes in oral hygiene habits.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Participants were randomly assigned to one of two parallel groups. One group received face-to-face toothbrushing instruction using a dental model, while the other group watched a pre-recorded video demonstrating the same Fones toothbrushing technique. Plaque removal was assessed immediately after instruction.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Video-Based Instruction (VBI) | Experimental | Behavioral: Video-Based Toothbrushing InstructionChildren received toothbrushing instruction by watching a pre-recorded video demonstrating the Fones technique on a dental model. Instruction lasted approximately 3-5 minutes. Following instruction, children brushed their teeth for two minutes using a standardised toothbrush and toothpaste. |
| Model-Based Instruction (MBI) | Experimental | Behavioral: Model-Based Toothbrushing InstructionChildren received face-to-face toothbrushing instruction from the researcher using a dental model to demonstrate the Fones technique. Instruction lasted approximately 3-5 minutes. Following instruction, children brushed their teeth for two minutes using a standardised toothbrush and toothpaste. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 7 to 9 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Children aged 7-9 years attending primary school. Presence of at least six teeth suitable for plaque scoring in the maxillary and mandibular anterior regions (canine to canine), including primary or permanent teeth.
- No systemic diseases. No orthodontic brackets, fixed appliances, or retainers.
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Professional dental scaling or plaque removal within the previous month. Anterior teeth unsuitable for plaque assessment because of enamel defects, extensive caries, dental trauma, or restorations.
- Intraoral conditions that could interfere with standardised photographic assessment.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Video-Based Toothbrushing InstructionChildren watched a pre-recorded instructional video in which the researcher demonstrated the Fones toothbrushing technique using a dental model. The instruction lasted approximately 3-5 minutes. | Behavioural | Video-Based Instruction (VBI) |
| Model-Based Toothbrushing InstructionThe researcher provided face-to-face instruction by demonstrating the Fones toothbrushing technique using a large dental model. The instruction lasted approximately 3-5 minutes. | Behavioural | Model-Based Instruction (MBI) |
Primary outcome
Percentage of Dental Plaque Removal
Time frame: Immediately after the two-minute toothbrushing session, on the same day as instruction.
The percentage of dental plaque removed during toothbrushing was calculated using the Turesky Modified Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (TMQHPI). Plaque was disclosed and scored from standardised intraoral photographs before and after toothbrushing. Plaque removal percentage was calculated as [(pre-brushing TMQHPI score - post-brushing TMQHPI score) / pre-brushing TMQHPI score] × 100. A higher percentage indicated greater plaque removal.
1 secondary outcome
Pre-Toothbrushing Dental Plaque Score (TMQHPI)
Time frame: Immediately after instruction, before the two-minute toothbrushing session.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 2 Nov 2026.
- Background: PubMed 28045324Salama F, Abobakr I, Al-Khodair N, Al-Wakeel M. Evaluation of tablet PC as a tool for teaching tooth brushing to children. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2016 Dec;17(4):327-331.
- Background: PubMed 39939902Tusi SK, Momeni Z, Hamdollahpoor H, Parviz N, Ghorbani M. Evaluating the effectiveness of various teaching methods on dental plaque removal in children: a quasi-experimental study. BMC Pediatr. 2025 Feb 12;25(1):109. doi: 10.1186/s12887-025-05438-6.
- Background: PubMed 34780032Rajab LD, Assaf DH, El-Smadi LA, Hamdan AA. Comparison of effectiveness of oral hygiene instruction methods in improving plaque scores among 8-9-year children: a randomized controlled trial. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2022 Apr;23(2):289-300. doi: 10.1007/s40368-021-00680-9. Epub 2021 Nov 15.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Individual participant data will not be shared due to privacy and confidentiality considerations, as the study involves children and includes intraoral photographs and individual clinical records.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Video-Based Toothbrushing Instruction and Model-Based Toothbrushing Instruction in people with Dental Plaque and Oral Hygiene, run by Karabuk University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 2 Nov 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Percentage of Dental Plaque Removal (time frame: Immediately after the two-minute toothbrushing session, on the same day as instruction.). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07909213, which also lists 3 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 2 Nov 2026.