Calorie ConsumptionNCT01948752
Clinical Trial of Menu Labeling
A study testing Nutrition information on menus in people with Calorie Consumption, run by University of Waterloo at 1 site in Canada.
Trial summary
The current study sought to examine the effect of menu labeling on food ordering and food consumption, including the effect of displaying calories along with other nutrients, such as sodium, fat, and sugar, as well as in different formats, such as traffic lights. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Calorie Consumption
- What is being tested?
- Nutrition information on menus
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 661 participants
- Where
- 1 siteCanada
- Study dates
- Nov 2010to Jun 2011
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- 18 years of age or older,
- able to speak and read English
Who cannot join
- no food allergies to gluten or other grain products
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Canada1 site
School of Public Health, University of Waterloo
Waterloo, Ontario, N2L3G1
About this study
The current study sought to examine the effect of menu labeling on food ordering and food consumption, including the effect of displaying calories along with other nutrients, such as sodium, fat, and sugar, as well as in different formats, such as traffic lights.
The investigators hypothesize significant differences in the calorie amount of menu selections and food consumption across experimental conditions. The investigators anticipate that calorie amounts will be significantly higher in the no calorie information) compared to each of the other 3 conditions, and significantly lower in the Traffic Light conditions compared to calories only condition.
- Individuals in Condition 1 (no calorie information) will be significantly more likely to underestimate the calorie content of their meals compared to individuals in the intervention conditions.
- Conditions
- Calorie Consumption
- Being tested
- Nutrition information on menus
- Keywords
- Nutrition policy, food labelling, diet, obesity, health behavior
- Medical subject headings
- Obesity, Health Behavior
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Nutrition information on menusOther
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Menu - no nutrition information (control) | No intervention | Participants were randomized to receive one of four menus that each contained different type of nutrition information. This condition included a "normal" menu with no nutrition information. |
| Calorie labels | Experimental | Participants were randomized to receive one of four menus that each contained different type of nutrition information. This condition included menus with the calorie amounts displayed. Receives: Other: Nutrition information on menus |
| Calorie Traffic Light | Experimental | Participants were randomized to receive one of four menus that each contained different type of nutrition information. This condition included menus with calorie amounts in green/amber/red "traffic lights" to signify low/medium/high amounts. Receives: Other: Nutrition information on menus |
| Multi-Traffic Light | Experimental | Participants were randomized to receive one of four menus that each contained different type of nutrition information. This condition included menus with calorie amounts as well as sodium, fat, and sugar amounts in green/amber/red "traffic lights" to signify low/medium/high amounts. Receives: Other: Nutrition information on menus |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Calorie consumption.
Participants consumed the food during the study visit, after ordering from the menus and completing survey measures. The calorie content of all food and beverage items ordered by each participant was calculated immediate after the study session using information provided by Subway. All items were weighed immediately prior to delivery to participants. After participants indicated that their meal was completed, research assistants collected and weighed any leftover food or beverage portions. A consumption variable was calculated for calorie, fat, sodium, and sugar consumption for each participant by subtracting the estimated number of calories in food and beverage waste from the total for the meal, based on differences in weight. No measures were collected after the study visit.
Measured: Calorie consumption was recorded for the meal consumed during the visit to the laboratory, approximately 30 minutes after the start of the study. No additional follow-up was conducted after the laboratory visit.
Secondary outcomes (1)
Calorie content of meals ordered by participants.
Calorie content of the meal consumed during the laboratory visit was subsequently calculated using nutrition data for each food and beverage item.
Measured: Calorie content was recorded for the meal consumed during the visit to the laboratory, approximately 30 minutes after the start of the study. No additional follow-up was conducted after the laboratory visit.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted24 Sep 2013 (estimated)
- Study startNov 2010
- Primary completionJun 2011
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Calorie ConsumptionStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 661 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Waterloo
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Canadian Cancer Society (CCS)
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- David Hammond, PhD, Principal investigator, University of Waterloo
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01948752
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Uwaterloo
- Status last verified
- Sep 2013
- First submitted
- 17 Apr 2013
- Last updated
- 24 Sep 2013
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
Publications
Hammond D, Goodman S, Hanning R, Daniel S. A randomized trial of calorie labeling on menus. Prev Med. 2013 Dec;57(6):860-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.09.020. Epub 2013 Oct 7.
PubMed 24113263
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 24 Sep 2013. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Clinical Trial of Menu Labeling
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01948752
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Uwaterloo
- Conditions
- Calorie Consumption
- Keywords
- Nutrition policy, food labelling, diet, obesity, health behavior
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 661 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of WaterlooUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Canadian Cancer Society (CCS)
- Study start
- Nov 2010
- Primary completion
- Jun 2011 (actual)
- First posted
- 24 Sep 2013 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The current study sought to examine the effect of menu labeling on food ordering and food consumption, including the effect of displaying calories along with other nutrients, such as sodium, fat, and sugar, as well as in different formats, such as traffic lights.
The investigators hypothesize significant differences in the calorie amount of menu selections and food consumption across experimental conditions. The investigators anticipate that calorie amounts will be significantly higher in the no calorie information) compared to each of the other 3 conditions, and significantly lower in the Traffic Light conditions compared to calories only condition.
- Individuals in Condition 1 (no calorie information) will be significantly more likely to underestimate the calorie content of their meals compared to individuals in the intervention conditions.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 4
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Menu - no nutrition information (control) | No intervention | –Participants were randomized to receive one of four menus that each contained different type of nutrition information. This condition included a "normal" menu with no nutrition information. |
| Calorie labels | Experimental | Other: Nutrition information on menusParticipants were randomized to receive one of four menus that each contained different type of nutrition information. This condition included menus with the calorie amounts displayed. |
| Calorie Traffic Light | Experimental | Other: Nutrition information on menusParticipants were randomized to receive one of four menus that each contained different type of nutrition information. This condition included menus with calorie amounts in green/amber/red "traffic lights" to signify low/medium/high amounts. |
| Multi-Traffic Light | Experimental | Other: Nutrition information on menusParticipants were randomized to receive one of four menus that each contained different type of nutrition information. This condition included menus with calorie amounts as well as sodium, fat, and sugar amounts in green/amber/red "traffic lights" to signify low/medium/high amounts. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- 18 years of age or older,
- able to speak and read English
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- no food allergies to gluten or other grain products
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Nutrition information on menus | Other | Calorie Traffic Light, Calorie labels, Multi-Traffic Light |
Primary outcome
Calorie consumption.
Time frame: Calorie consumption was recorded for the meal consumed during the visit to the laboratory, approximately 30 minutes after the start of the study. No additional follow-up was conducted after the laboratory visit.
Participants consumed the food during the study visit, after ordering from the menus and completing survey measures. The calorie content of all food and beverage items ordered by each participant was calculated immediate after the study session using information provided by Subway. All items were weighed immediately prior to delivery to participants. After participants indicated that their meal was completed, research assistants collected and weighed any leftover food or beverage portions. A consumption variable was calculated for calorie, fat, sodium, and sugar consumption for each participant by subtracting the estimated number of calories in food and beverage waste from the total for the meal, based on differences in weight. No measures were collected after the study visit.
1 secondary outcome
Calorie content of meals ordered by participants.
Time frame: Calorie content was recorded for the meal consumed during the visit to the laboratory, approximately 30 minutes after the start of the study. No additional follow-up was conducted after the laboratory visit.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 24 Sep 2013.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 24113263Hammond D, Goodman S, Hanning R, Daniel S. A randomized trial of calorie labeling on menus. Prev Med. 2013 Dec;57(6):860-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.09.020. Epub 2013 Oct 7.
Related trials for Calorie Consumption
Not yet recruiting
Nutrition Outcomes Using a Randomized Intervention Via Smartphone on Dietary Habits
Healthy Adult Participants, Mindful Eating Intervention
Recruiting
Influence of Social Media Ads on Food Choice - Master Protocol
Food Selection, Food Choices
Recruiting
Effects of Racial Congruence, "Likes", and Food Images in Social Media Ads on Adolescents' Caloric Intake - Study 3
Calorie Consumption
Recruiting
Dietary and Cognitive Effects of Food Ads Posted by TikTok Influencers
Calorie Consumption
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
David Hammond, PhD principal investigator
University of Waterloo
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Nutrition information on menus in people with Calorie Consumption, run by University of Waterloo at 1 site in Canada.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 24 Sep 2013. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Canada. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Calorie consumption. (time frame: Calorie consumption was recorded for the meal consumed during the visit to the laboratory, approximately 30 minutes after the start of the study. No additional follow-up was conducted after the laboratory visit.). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01948752, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 24 Sep 2013.