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TourniquetsNCT02830087

Tourniquet Pressure in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty

A study testing Tourniquet Cuff Pressure in people with Tourniquets and Knee Arthroplasty, Total, run by Wake Forest University Health Sciences at 2 sites in United States.

Terminated

Stopped early. The study ended before it was planned to and will not resume.

Official record
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Trial summary

This proposed novel randomized control trial (RCT) seeks to address this gap in TKA protocol by gaining a better understanding of the relationship between tourniquet pressure and time, and intraoperative performance and post-operative outcomes. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 to 80 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
What is being tested?
Tourniquet Cuff Pressure
Type of treatment
Surgery or procedure
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
21 participants
Where
2 sitesUnited States
Study dates
Jun 2016to 20 Sep 2016
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 to 80 years
  • All sexes
  • Healthy volunteers accepted
  • Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • 18 - 80 years old
  • primary TKA, not revision

Who cannot join

  • systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥ 170 mmHg
  • one-staged bilateral TKA or stages less than three months apart
  • history of peripheral vascular disease
  • history of thromboembolism

Trial locations and contacts

2 sites in 1 country.

United States2 sites
  • Davie Medical Center

    Bermuda Run, North Carolina, 27006

  • Wake Forest Baptist Hospital

    Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157

Other trials in United States

About this study

Official title: The Effect of Tourniquet Time and Pressure on Intraoperative and Postoperative Performance, Function, Pain, and Complications in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty.

This proposed novel randomized control trial (RCT) seeks to address this gap in TKA protocol by gaining a better understanding of the relationship between tourniquet pressure and time, and intraoperative performance and post-operative outcomes. This study does not seek to answer the question of "tourniquet vs no tourniquet", but to seek a tourniquet usage that would maximize the intraoperative benefits for the surgeon and minimize the negative consequences for patient outcomes.

Specific Aim #1: enroll around 146 primary TKA patients.

Read more

Specific Aim #2: evaluate different tourniquet cuff pressures (TCP) and tourniquet times in relation to intraoperative performance.

Specific Aim #3: evaluate different TCP and tourniquet times in relation to post-operative pain and complications of short-term, intermediate, and long-term followup.

Specific Aim #4: evaluate different TCP and tourniquet times in relation to post-operative function of short-term, intermediate, and long-term followup.

Read the detailed description

The overall goal of the project is to evaluate the relationship of two variables: 1) tourniquet cuff pressure (TCP); and 2) tourniquet time (i.e. duration of inflation) during primary TKA relative to three categories of outcomes: 1) intraoperative performance; 2) post-operative pain and complications; and 3) post-operative complications.

Design

This study will use a randomized controlled trial that is double-blinded. The co-investigator, Mark Nazal, along with the principal investigator, Dr. Maxwell Langfitt, will work with the Orthopaedic Clinic Research Coordinator to recruit around 146 patients. Mark Nazal will then randomize these patients into one of six tourniquet cuff pressure (TCP) groups:

  1. 220 mmHg 4) 300 mmHg
  2. 250 mmHg 5) 325 mmHg
  3. 275 mmHg 6) 350 mmHg

The primary TKA procedure will be performed by one of the three fellowship-trained orthopedic surgeons at Wake Forest Baptist Hospital (Dr. Maxwell Langfitt, Dr. Jason Lang, and Dr. John Shields). The orthopedic surgeon and the patient will be blinded to the TCP assignment and will not be told what tourniquet pressure is being applied. The OR nursing team will be told what the patient's assigned TCP is in order to perform the actual inflation.

Data collection will include short-term data: post-operative day 1 (POD1), post-operative day 2 (POD2), and 2-week followup; intermediate data: 6-week and 12-week followup; and long-term data: 1-year followup.

The data collection for the first category of outcomes, intraoperative performance, will begin preoperatively, with the recording of baseline characteristics: circumference of the thigh in centimeters, baseline hemoglobin levels, and thromboembolism risk evaluation.

Intraoperative data will include: the type of anesthesia, the tourniquet size in centimeters, and whether or not a drain is inserted into the joint. The time of inflation and time of deflation will be noted in order to determine the duration of tourniquet inflation.

Then preincisional blood pressure (BP) will be measured and will continue to be noted every 15 minutes. At the conclusion of the procedure the surgeon will rate intraoperative bloodlessness on a four-point scale: 1-bloodless, 2-nearly bloodless, some bleeding; 3-bloody, tourniquet is no better than not using; or 4-venous tourniquet, tourniquet is making the procedure more difficult. Intraoperative bloodlessness is being used to determine the functionality and effectiveness of the tourniquet, surgical field visualization, and surgical site dryness.

The data collection for the second category of outcomes, post-operative pain and complications, will begin on post-operative day 1 (POD1). Post-operative (post-op) pain will be assessed using a 0-10 pain rating visual analog scale for both the knee and the thigh, and will be measured at POD1, POD2, 2-week followup, 6-week followup, 12-week followup, and 1-year followup. Next, wound healing issues will be assessed at POD1, POD2, 2-week followup, 6-week followup, and 12-week followup. Wound healing issues include blisters, wound drainage, thigh bruising, significant erythema, decreased peripheral pulse, evidence of decreased distal perfusion, or decreased distal sensation.13 Estimated total blood loss will be assessed at POD2 using pre-operative Hgb-level compared to Hgb-level on post-op day 2. The patient's estimated blood volume (EBV) will be calculated using Nadler's formulas for men and women.16

Then Meunier's formula will be used to calculate estimated blood loss.16 If a drain was inserted, then the volume of drainage will be measured at POD1. Finally, aseptic loosing of the implant leading to the need for revision will be assessed at 1-year followup.

The data collection for the third category of outcomes, post-operative function, will begin at POD1. Ability to ambulate will be measured in distance by feet at POD1 and POD2. Furthermore, assessment of any use of assisted device for ambulation (wheelchair, walker, 4-point cane, and 1-point cane) will be done at POD1, POD2, 2-week followup, 6-week followup, 12-week followup and 1-year followup. Quadriceps strength and range of motion (ROM) will be recorded at 2-week followup, 6-week followup, and 12-week followup. Quadriceps strength will be measured on a 5-point scale, where 0 is no movement and 5 is full strength. ROM will be measured in degrees of motion. Next, the necessity of performing a manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) due to limited joint motion will be recorded at 6-week followup and 12-week followup. The type of PT will be recorded at 2-week followup, 6-week followup, and 12-week followup. Types of PT include out-patient PT, home health PT, PT rehabilitation, and skilled nursing facility PT.

Being tested
Tourniquet Cuff Pressure
Keywords
randomized controlled trial, tourniquet, tourniquet cuff pressure, total knee arthroplasty, total knee replacement, pain, postoperative, range of motion, articular, blood loss, surgical, muscle strength, quadriceps, walking, manipulation, orthopedic/therapeutic use, wound healing/surgery
Medical subject headings
Pain, Postoperative, Blood Loss, Surgical

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • Tourniquet Cuff PressureProcedure or surgery

    Tourniquet cuff pressure is how hard the tourniquet cuff, which is placed around the patient's thigh, presses on the thigh in order to cut off blood supply to the lower leg during total knee surgery.

Study groups in NCT02830087
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
220 mmHg tourniquet cuff pressureActive comparatorThigh tourniquet cuff inflated to 220 mmHg.
Receives: Procedure: Tourniquet Cuff Pressure
250 mmHg tourniquet cuff pressureActive comparatorThigh tourniquet cuff inflated to 250 mmHg
Receives: Procedure: Tourniquet Cuff Pressure
275 mmHg tourniquet cuff pressureActive comparatorThigh tourniquet cuff inflated to 275 mmHg
Receives: Procedure: Tourniquet Cuff Pressure
300 mmHg tourniquet cuff pressureActive comparatorThigh tourniquet cuff inflated to 300 mmHg
Receives: Procedure: Tourniquet Cuff Pressure
325 mmHg tourniquet cuff pressureActive comparatorThigh tourniquet cuff inflated to 325 mmHg
Receives: Procedure: Tourniquet Cuff Pressure
350 mmHg tourniquet cuff pressureActive comparatorThigh tourniquet cuff inflated to 350 mmHg
Receives: Procedure: Tourniquet Cuff Pressure

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Postoperative Pain

    Pain on a 11-point pain scale (0-10), with higher scores denoting worse outcomes

    Measured: Postoperative Day 1 through two weeks

Secondary outcomes (8)
  1. Estimated Blood Loss

    Meunier's formula will be used to calculate estimated blood loss, comparing preoperative blood draw to postoperative day 2 blood draw.

    Measured: Postoperative Day 2

  2. Range of Motion

    Measure degrees of knee flexion

    Measured: 2-week follow-up

  3. Intra-operative Bloodlessness

    four-point scale:

    • 1 = bloodless
    • 2 = nearly bloodless, some bleeding
    • 3 = bloody, tourniquet no better than not using
    • 4 = venous tourniquet, tourniquet making things worse

    Higher scores denotes worse outcome

    Measured: Intraoperative

  4. Number of Participants With Wound Healing Issues

    Any wound issues including blisters, wound drainage, thigh bruising, significant erythema, decreased peripheral pulse, evidence of decreased distal perfusion, or decreased distal sensation

    Measured: Postoperative Day 1 through 12 week follow-up

  5. Need for Revision of Total Knee Arthroplasty

    Number of participants that needed a revision was necessary within one year

    Measured: One Year Follow-up

  6. Ability to Ambulate

    Distance Walked in Feet

    Measured: Postoperative Day 1 through Postoperative Day 2

  7. Quadriceps Strength

    Six Point Strength Scale 0 - No muscle movement

    1. -Muscle movement, without movement at the joint
    2. -Movement at the joint, but not against gravity
    3. -Movement against gravity, but not against resistance
    4. -Movement against resistance, but less than full strength
    5. -Full Strength

    Higher scores denotes better outcome

    Measured: 2-week follow-up through 12-week follow-up

  8. Need for Manipulation Under Anesthesia

    Number of participants that needed a manipulation under anesthesia was necessary within 12 weeks

    Measured: 6-week follow-up through 12-week follow-up

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted12 Jul 2016 (estimated)
  2. Study startJun 2016
  3. Primary completion20 Sep 2016
  4. Study completion20 Sep 2016

Why it stopped: No patient follow-up

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Masking
Double blind
Who is masked
Participant, Care provider
Enrolment
21 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT02830087
Sponsor's protocol ID
IRB00038367
Status last verified
Nov 2018
First submitted
7 Jul 2016
Last updated
19 Dec 2018
Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
Yes
Individual data sharing
No

Publications

  • Jiang FZ, Zhong HM, Hong YC, Zhao GF. Use of a tourniquet in total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Orthop Sci. 2015 Jan;20(1):110-23. doi: 10.1007/s00776-014-0664-6. Epub 2014 Nov 6.

    PubMed 25373840
  • Alcelik I, Pollock RD, Sukeik M, Bettany-Saltikov J, Armstrong PM, Fismer P. A comparison of outcomes with and without a tourniquet in total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Arthroplasty. 2012 Mar;27(3):331-40. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2011.04.046. Epub 2011 Sep 22.

    PubMed 21944371
  • Berry DJ, Bozic KJ. Current practice patterns in primary hip and knee arthroplasty among members of the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons. J Arthroplasty. 2010 Sep;25(6 Suppl):2-4. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2010.04.033. Epub 2010 Jul 1.

    PubMed 20580196
  • Tai TW, Lin CJ, Jou IM, Chang CW, Lai KA, Yang CY. Tourniquet use in total knee arthroplasty: a meta-analysis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2011 Jul;19(7):1121-30. doi: 10.1007/s00167-010-1342-7. Epub 2010 Dec 15.

    PubMed 21161177
  • Kurtz S, Ong K, Lau E, Mowat F, Halpern M. Projections of primary and revision hip and knee arthroplasty in the United States from 2005 to 2030. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007 Apr;89(4):780-5. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.F.00222.

    PubMed 17403800
  • Ledin H, Aspenberg P, Good L. Tourniquet use in total knee replacement does not improve fixation, but appears to reduce final range of motion. Acta Orthop. 2012 Oct;83(5):499-503. doi: 10.3109/17453674.2012.727078. Epub 2012 Sep 14.

    PubMed 22974220
  • Li B, Wen Y, Wu H, Qian Q, Lin X, Zhao H. The effect of tourniquet use on hidden blood loss in total knee arthroplasty. Int Orthop. 2009 Oct;33(5):1263-8. doi: 10.1007/s00264-008-0647-3. Epub 2008 Aug 27.

    PubMed 18751703
  • Liu D, Graham D, Gillies K, Gillies RM. Effects of tourniquet use on quadriceps function and pain in total knee arthroplasty. Knee Surg Relat Res. 2014 Dec;26(4):207-13. doi: 10.5792/ksrr.2014.26.4.207. Epub 2014 Dec 2.

    PubMed 25505702
  • Zhang W, Li N, Chen S, Tan Y, Al-Aidaros M, Chen L. The effects of a tourniquet used in total knee arthroplasty: a meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res. 2014 Mar 6;9(1):13. doi: 10.1186/1749-799X-9-13.

    PubMed 24602486
  • Ejaz A, Laursen AC, Kappel A, Laursen MB, Jakobsen T, Rasmussen S, Nielsen PT. Faster recovery without the use of a tourniquet in total knee arthroplasty. Acta Orthop. 2014 Aug;85(4):422-6. doi: 10.3109/17453674.2014.931197. Epub 2014 Jun 23.

    PubMed 24954487
  • Olivecrona C, Ponzer S, Hamberg P, Blomfeldt R. Lower tourniquet cuff pressure reduces postoperative wound complications after total knee arthroplasty: a randomized controlled study of 164 patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2012 Dec 19;94(24):2216-21. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.K.01492.

    PubMed 23318611
  • Reilly CW, McEwen JA, Leveille L, Perdios A, Mulpuri K. Minimizing tourniquet pressure in pediatric anterior cruciate ligament reconstructive surgery: a blinded, prospective randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr Orthop. 2009 Apr-May;29(3):275-80. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0b013e31819bcd14.

    PubMed 19305279
  • Clarke MT, Longstaff L, Edwards D, Rushton N. Tourniquet-induced wound hypoxia after total knee replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2001 Jan;83(1):40-4. doi: 10.1302/0301-620x.83b1.10795.

    PubMed 11245536
  • Gibon E, Courpied JP, Hamadouche M. Total joint replacement and blood loss: what is the best equation? Int Orthop. 2013 Apr;37(4):735-9. doi: 10.1007/s00264-013-1801-0. Epub 2013 Feb 6.

    PubMed 23385607

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing Tourniquet Cuff Pressure in people with Tourniquets and Knee Arthroplasty, Total, run by Wake Forest University Health Sciences at 2 sites in United States.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: stopped early, as of the sponsor's last update on 19 Dec 2018. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 2 sites in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 19 Dec 2018). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Postoperative Pain (time frame: Postoperative Day 1 through two weeks). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02830087, which also lists 14 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 19 Dec 2018.

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