Using Mental Imagination to Prevent Excessive Gestational Weight Gain in Overweight and Obese Pregnant Women

Data extracted from electronic medical record. Percentage of participants who were diagnosed with Gestational Diabetes during the study timeframe.

Data extracted from electronic medical record. Percentage of participants diagnosed with Gestational Hypertension in the study timeframe.

Data extracted from electronic medical record. Percentage of participants who experienced Cesarean Delivery.

Data extracted from electronic medical record. Newborn Body Weight taken at birth.

Gestational age for each participant was extracted from electronic medical record and births before 37 weeks gestation were considered to be premature. The number of premature births was averaged within the study groups.

Assessed using the National Cancer Institute Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Recall (ASA24). Participants completed 24-hour Dietary Recalls on two random days over a week. The variable of interest - calories (Kcal) - values for the 2 24-hour periods were added to ascertain the total amount consumed at the specific data collection time periods.

Data from Baseline (T1) was compared to that collected at T2 for each participant and averaged for an aggregate score. Positive numbers represent an increase in calories consumed, negative numbers represent a decrease in calories consumed.

Only participants who completed 2 days worth of dietary data were included in this analysis.

Assessed using the National Cancer Institute Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Recall (ASA24). Participants completed 24-hour Dietary Recalls on two random days over a week. The variable of interest - fat (gm) - values for the 2 24-hour periods were added to ascertain the total amount consumed at the specific data collection time periods.

Data from Baseline (T1) was compared to that collected at T2 for each participant and averaged for an aggregate score. Positive numbers represent an increase in fat consumed, negative numbers represent a decrease in fat consumed.

Only participants who completed 2 days worth of dietary data were included in this analysis.

Assessed using the National Cancer Institute Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Recall (ASA24). Participants completed 24-hour Dietary Recalls on two random days over a week. The variable of interest - fruit (cup) - values for the 2 24-hour periods were added to ascertain the total amount consumed at the specific data collection time periods.

Data from Baseline (T1) was compared to that collected at T2 for each participant and averaged for an aggregate score. Positive numbers represent an increase in fruit consumed, negative numbers represent a decrease in fruit consumed.

Only participants who completed 2 days worth of dietary data were included in this analysis.

Assessed using the National Cancer Institute Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Recall (ASA24). Participants completed 24-hour Dietary Recalls on two random days over a week. The variable of interest - vegetables (cup) - values for the 2 24-hour periods were added to ascertain the total amount consumed at the specific data collection time periods.

Data from Baseline (T1) was compared to that collected at T2 for each participant and averaged for an aggregate score. Positive numbers represent an increase in vegetables consumed, negative numbers represent a decrease in vegetables consumed.

Only participants who completed 2 days worth of dietary data were included in this analysis.

Assessed using the National Cancer Institute Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Recall (ASA24). Participants completed 24-hour Dietary Recalls on two random days over a week. The variable of interest - added sugars teaspoon or 4 gm) - values for the 2 24-hour periods were added to ascertain the total amount consumed at the specific data collection time periods.

Data from Baseline (T1) was compared to that collected at T2 for each participant and averaged for an aggregate score. Positive numbers represent an increase in added sugars consumed, negative numbers represent a decrease in added sugars consumed.

Only participants who completed 2 days worth of dietary data were included in this analysis.

Assessed using the National Cancer Institute Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Recall (ASA24). Participants completed 24-hour Dietary Recalls on two random days over a week. The variable of interest - calories (Kcal) - values for the 2 24-hour periods were added to ascertain the total amount consumed at the specific data collection time periods.

Data from Baseline (T1) was compared to that collected at T3 for each participant and averaged for an aggregate score. Positive numbers represent an increase in calories consumed, negative numbers represent a decrease in calories consumed.

Only participants who completed 2 days worth of dietary data were included in this analysis.

Assessed using the National Cancer Institute Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Recall (ASA24). Participants completed 24-hour Dietary Recalls on two random days over a week. The variable of interest - fat (gm) - values for the 2 24-hour periods were added to ascertain the total amount consumed at the specific data collection time periods.

Data from Baseline (T1) was compared to that collected at T3 for each participant and averaged for an aggregate score. Positive numbers represent an increase in fat consumed, negative numbers represent a decrease in fat consumed.

Only participants who completed 2 days worth of dietary data were included in this analysis.

Assessed using the National Cancer Institute Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Recall (ASA24). Participants completed 24-hour Dietary Recalls on two random days over a week. The variable of interest - fruit (cup) - values for the 2 24-hour periods were added to ascertain the total amount consumed at the specific data collection time periods.

Data from Baseline (T1) was compared to that collected at T3 for each participant and averaged for an aggregate score. Positive numbers represent an increase in fruit consumed, negative numbers represent a decrease in fruit consumed.

Only participants who completed 2 days worth of dietary data were included in this analysis.

Assessed using the National Cancer Institute Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Recall (ASA24). Participants completed 24-hour Dietary Recalls on two random days over a week. The variable of interest - vegetable (cup) - values for the 2 24-hour periods were added to ascertain the total amount consumed at the specific data collection time periods.

Data from Baseline (T1) was compared to that collected at T3 for each participant and averaged for an aggregate score. Positive numbers represent an increase in vegetables consumed, negative numbers represent a decrease in vegetables consumed.

Only participants who completed 2 days worth of dietary data were included in this analysis.

Assessed using the National Cancer Institute Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Recall (ASA24). Participants completed 24-hour Dietary Recalls on two random days over a week. The variable of interest - added sugars (teaspoon or 4 gm) - values for the 2 24-hour periods were added to ascertain the total amount consumed at the specific data collection time periods.

Data from Baseline (T1) was compared to that collected at T3 for each participant and averaged for an aggregate score. Positive numbers represent an increase in added sugars consumed, negative numbers represent a decrease in added sugars consumed.

Only participants who completed 2 days worth of dietary data were included in this analysis.

Assessed using Actigraph (GT3x), an objective measurement of physical activity. Investigators distributed the Actigraph in person participants' home (T2 and T3) to wear at the wrist at least seven consecutive days (≥ 10 hours/per day).

The variable of interest - 7-day MET - values for the period was added to ascertain the total amount at the specific data collection time periods.

Data from Baseline (T1) was compared to that collected at T2 for each participant and averaged for an aggregate score. Positive numbers represent an increase in physical activity negative numbers represent a decrease in physical.

Only participants who completed the minimum requirement for reporting [wear at the wrist at least seven consecutive days (≥ 10 hours/per day)] were included in the analysis.

Assessed using Actigraph (GT3x), an objective measurement of physical activity. Investigators distributed the Actigraph in person participants' home (T2 and T3) to wear at the wrist at least seven consecutive days (≥ 10 hours/per day).

The variable of interest - 7-day MET - values for the period was added to ascertain the total amount at the specific data collection time periods.

Data from Baseline (T1) was compared to that collected at T3 for each participant and averaged for an aggregate score. Positive numbers represent an increase in physical activity negative numbers represent a decrease in physical.

Only participants who completed the minimum requirement for reporting [wear at the wr

Will be measured using Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire (6 items) to measure autonomous motivation for Physical Activity (6 items)

Values are: 1 - Not At All True, 2, 3, 4 - Somewhat True, 5, 6, 7 - Very True

The investigators will sum 6 items to create a composite score, ranging from 6 to 42.

Higher scores indicate higher autonomous motivation for Physical Activity.

Will be measured using Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire (6 items) to measure autonomous motivation for Physical Activity (6 items)

Values are: 1 - Not At All True, 2, 3, 4 - Somewhat True, 5, 6, 7 - Very True

The investigators will sum 6 items to create a composite score, ranging from 6 to 42.

Higher scores indicate higher autonomous motivation for Physical Activity.

Will be measured using Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire (6 items) to measure autonomous motivation for stress management (6 items)

Values are: 1 - Not At All True, 2, 3, 4 - Somewhat True, 5, 6, 7 - Very True

The investigators will sum 6 items to create a composite score, ranging from 6 to 42.

Higher scores indicate higher autonomous motivation for stress management.

Will be measured using Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire (6 items) to measure autonomous motivation for stress management (6 items)

Values are: 1 - Not At AllTrue, 2, 3, 4 - Somewhat True, 5, 6, 7 - Very True

The investigators will sum 6 items to create a composite score, ranging from 6 to 42.

Higher scores indicate higher autonomous motivation for stress managment.

Will be measured using Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire (6 items) to measure autonomous motivation for Healthy Eating (6 items)

Values are: 1 - Not At All True, 2, 3, 4 - Somewhat True, 5, 6, 7 - Very True

The investigators will sum 6 items to create a composite score, ranging from 6 to 42.

Higher scores indicate higher autonomous motivation for Healthy Eating.

Will be measured using Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire (6 items) to measure autonomous motivation for Healthy Eating (6 items)

Values are: 1 - Not At All True, 2, 3, 4 - Somewhat True, 5, 6, 7 - Very True

The investigators will sum 6 items to create a composite score, ranging from 6 to 42.

Higher scores indicate higher autonomous motivation for Healthy Eating

Will be measured using a "Survey for Healthy Eating Self-efficacy" (8 items)

Values are: 1 - Not At All Confident, 2 - Not Too Confident, 3 - Somewhat Confident, 4 - Very Confident.

The investigators will sum all 8 items to create a composite score, ranging from 8 to 32.

The higher score, the higher healthy eating self-efficacy.

Will be measured using a "Survey for Healthy Eating Self-efficacy" (8 items)

Values are: 1 - Not At All Confident, 2 - Not Too Confident, 3 - Somewhat Confident, 4 - Very Confident

The investigators will sum all 8 items to create a composite score, ranging from 8 to 32. The higher score, the higher healthy eating self-efficacy.

Will be measured using a "Survey for Coping Self-efficacy" (10 items)

Values are: 1 - Not At All Confident, 2 - Not Too Confident, 3 - Somewhat Confident, 4 - Very Confident

The investigators will sum 10 items to create a composite score, ranging from 10 to 40.

Higher scores indicate higher coping self-efficacy.

Will be measured using a "Survey for Coping Self-efficacy" (10 items)

Values are: 1 - Not At All Confident, 2 - Not Too Confident, 3 - Somewhat Confident, 4 - Very Confident

The investigators will sum 10 items to create a composite score, ranging from 10 to 40.

Higher scores indicate higher coping self-efficacy.

Will be measured using a "Survey for Physical Activity Self-efficacy" (10 items) that ask participants' confidence in performing the specific activity.

Values are: 1 - Not At All Confident, 2 - Not Too Confident, 3 - Somewhat Confident, 4 - Very Confident

The investigators will sum all 10 items to create a composite score, ranging from 10 to 40. The higher score, the higher physical activity self-efficacy.

Will be measured using a "Survey for Physical Activity Self-efficacy" (10 items) that ask participants' confidence in performing the specific activity.

Values are: 1 - Not At All Confident, 2 - Not Too Confident, 3 - Somewhat Confident, 4 - Very Confident

The investigators will sum all 10 items to create a composite score, ranging from 10 to 40. The higher score, the higher physical activity self-efficacy.

The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (10 items) was used to measure emotional control. The questionnaire asked participants to report the use of emotional regulatory process using a 7-point scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). After revise coding 4 items, we summed responses of 10 items to create an emotional control score (ranged from 10 to 70). Higher scores indicated better emotional control.

The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (10 items) was used to measure emotional control. The questionnaire asked participants to report the use of emotional regulatory process using a 7-point scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). After revise coding 4 items, we summed responses of 10 items to create an emotional control score (ranged from 10 to 70). Higher scores indicated better emotional control.

Will be measured using The Perceived Stress Scale (10 items) that measures the degree to which situations in one's life are appraised as stressful.

Values are: 0 - Never, 1 - Almost Never, 2 - Sometimes, 3 - Fairly Often, 4 - Very Often

The investigators will sum 10 items to create a composite score, ranging from 0 to 40.

The higher score, the higher levels of perceived stress.

Will be measured using The Perceived Stress Scale (10 items) that measures the degree to which situations in one's life are appraised as stressful.

Values are: 0 - Never, 1 - Almost Never, 2 - Sometimes, 3 - Fairly Often, 4 - Very Often

The investigators will sum 10 items to create a composite score, ranging from 0 to 40.

The higher score, the higher levels of perceived stress.

The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adults (75 items) was used to measure executive function. This survey asked participants to rate self-regulation behaviors in the everyday environment using a 3-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (never) to 2 (often). This survey covers 2 main domains: behavior regulation (30 items) and metacognition (45 items). We summed responses to the 30 behavior regulation items to create a behavior regulation score. Behavior regulation scores range from 0-60. We used the same approach to create a composite score for metacognition. Higher scores indicated worse behavior regulation or metacognition. The scores from T1 were compared to scores for T2 to evaluate the effect of the intervention.

The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adults (75 items) was used to measure executive function. This survey asked participants to rate self-regulation behaviors in the everyday environment using a 3-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (never) to 2 (often). This survey covers 2 main domains: behavior regulation (30 items) and metacognition (45 items). We summed responses to the 30 behavior regulation items to create a behavior regulation score. Behavior regulation scores range from 0-60. We used the same approach to create a composite score for metacognition. Higher scores indicated worse behavior regulation or metacognition. The scores from T1 were compared to scores for T3 to evaluate the effect of the intervention.

The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adults (75 items) was used to measure executive function [31]. This survey asked participants to rate self-regulation behaviors in the everyday environment using a 3-point scale ranging from 0 (never) to 2 (often). This survey covers 2 main domains: behavior regulation (30 items) and metacognition (45 items). We summed responses to the 30 behavior regulation items to create a behavior regulation score. We used the same approach to create a composite score for metacognition. Metacognition scores range from 0-90. Higher scores indicated worse metacognition. The scores from T1 were compared to scores from T2 to evaluate the effect of the intervention.

The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adults (75 items) was used to measure executive function [31]. This survey asked participants to rate self-regulation behaviors in the everyday environment using a 3-point scale ranging from 0 (never) to 2 (often). This survey covers 2 main domains: behavior regulation (30 items) and metacognition (45 items). We summed responses to the 30 behavior regulation items to create a behavior regulation score. We used the same approach to create a composite score for metacognition. Metacognition scores range from 0-90. Higher scores indicated worse metacognition. The scores from T1 were compared to scores from T3 to evaluate the effect of the intervention.