Gastroesophageal RefluxNCT04813029
Thresholds of Straight Leg Raise Maneuver During High-Resolution-Manometry
A study testing Straight leg raise maneuver in people with Gastroesophageal Reflux, run by University of Milan at 1 site in Italy.
Trial summary
High resolution manometry (HRM) is a key test in the preoperative assessment of patients with gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) who are potential candidates for antireflux surgery. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 75 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Gastroesophageal Reflux
- What is being tested?
- Straight leg raise maneuver
- Type of treatment
- Surgery or procedure
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 336 participants
- Where
- 1 siteItaly
- Study dates
- 1 Jun 2021to 30 Dec 2021
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 75 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Complete and adequate HRM and pH-impedance study performed within 2 weeks
- Successfully performed SLR maneuver (adequate intra-abdominal pressure augmentation)
Who cannot join
- Patients with prior foregut surgery
- Obese with BMI>35 Kg/m2
- Paraesophageal hiatal hernia
- Scleroderma
- Eosinophilic esophagitis
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Italy1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
IRCCS Policlinico San Donato
San Donato Milanese, Milano, 20097
Stefano Siboni, +393493232750, stefano.siboni@grupposandonato.it
Luigi Bonavina, MD
About this study
Official title: Defining High-Resolution Manometry Thresholds of Backward Pressure Across the Lower Esophageal Sphincter Through Straight Leg Raise Maneuver Predictive of Pathologic Acid Exposure Time
High resolution manometry (HRM) is a key test in the preoperative assessment of patients with gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) who are potential candidates for antireflux surgery. The recent Lyon consensus suggested the potential usefulness of HRM in diagnosing GERD, however, sensitivity and specificity of HRM for GERD remains low (53.6% and 72.5% respectively). Among recently proposed provocative tests during manometry, a traditional maneuver (straight leg raise maneuver, SLR) appeared promising in predicting reflux.
This is a multicenter study involving high-volume esophageal function laboratories around the world. Patients with suspected GERD and tested with HRM and pH-impedance will be asked to perform SLR during HRM. Intra-abdominal and intra-esophageal pressure during SLR will be recorded and compared with acid exposure time (AET) at pH-impedance.
Primary aim is to determine the optimal threshold of intra-esophageal pressure augmentation during straight leg raise (SLR) maneuver that predicts pathological esophageal acid exposure time (AET). Secondary aim is to assess the diagnostic performance of HMR with SRL maneuver, calculating sensitivity, specificity, false-positive rate (FPR), false-negative rate (FNR), positive predictive value and total misclassification rate.
Read the detailed description
It has been demonstrated a low sensitivity and specificity of HRM for GERD (53.6% and 72.5% respectively), since there was a significant overlap between patients and controls in the majority of parameters. Masuda et al. attempted to improve HRM accuracy using a comprehensive index and new parameters, such as the backflow preventive and promotive pressure through the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). Although a significant correlation between reflux burden and the new index was found, sensitivity and specificity of HRM for GERD remained unchanged.
Recently, provocative tests have been added to the standard protocol of HRM studies. Among these, a traditional maneuver in water perfused manometry (straight leg raise maneuver, SLR) appeared promising in predicting reflux even with HRM.
A multicenter study with a large number of patients could provide more precise thresholds to predict pathologic esophageal acid exposure time and proof of real-life generalizability of SLR.
A thorough clinical evaluation will be performed. GerdQ, GERD Health Related Quality of Life (GERD-HRQL) and Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) questionnaires will be administered. HRM will be performed according to the standard protocol defined by Chicago Classification 4.0. Upon completion of the test, the SLR maneuver will be performed. With the patient in supine position, one leg is raised to form an angle of at least 45 degrees with the bed. The patient will be asked to keep that position for at least 5 seconds. The maneuver will be repeated after 20-30 seconds. The first adequate maneuver will be considered for the study. Intra-esophageal and intra-abdominal pressure will be analyzed both during baseline and SLR maneuver. Intra-esophageal pressure is measured as peak and mean over 5 seconds, 1 cm and 5 cm above the proximal margin of the LES. Intra-abdominal pressure will be measured as peak and mean over 5 seconds 1 cm below the distal margin of the diaphragm notch.
Primary aim is to determine the optimal threshold of intra-esophageal pressure augmentation during straight leg raise (SLR) maneuver that predicted pathological esophageal acid exposure time (AET). Secondary aim is to assess the diagnostic performance of HMR with SRL maneuver in patients with GERD symptoms, calculating sensitivity, specificity, false-positive rate (FPR), false-negative rate (FNR) and total misclassification rate.
The Principal Investigator will maintain research data on an encrypted file server with access controls only accessible to approved study investigators. Research records will be de-identified using coded subject identifiers prior to transfer from sites to the Principal Investigator to protect patient confidentiality. Study data will be maintained by the Principal Investigator and deleted 3 years after the end of the study.
Data from each site will be electronically transferred to Principal Investigator. The electronic copy will contain no patient identifying data elements such as name, date of birth, medical record numbers. Participating institutions will create unique patient participant numbers based on a standard formula allocated by Principal investigator (two digit institution code, two digit patient identifier, 01-20).
- Conditions
- Gastroesophageal Reflux
- Being tested
- Straight leg raise maneuver
- Keywords
- High Resolution Manometry, pH-impedance, Gastroesophageal Reflux disease
- Medical subject headings
- Gastroesophageal Reflux
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Straight leg raise maneuverProcedure or surgery
With the patient in supine position, one leg is raised to form an angle of at least 45 degrees with the bed. The patient will be asked to keep that position for at least 5 seconds. The maneuver will be repeated after 20-30 seconds. The first adequate maneuver will be considered for the study. Intra-esophageal and intra-abdominal pressure will be analyzed both during baseline and SLR maneuver. Intra-esophageal pressure is measured as peak and mean over 5 seconds, 1 cm and 5 cm above the proximal margin of the LES. Intra-abdominal pressure will be measured as peak and mean over 5 seconds 1 cm below the distal margin of the diaphragm notch.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Straight Leg Raise | Experimental | Patients perform straight leg raise maneuver at the end of High-resolution Manometry test Receives: Procedure: Straight leg raise maneuver |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Peak esophageal pressure during SLR
Peak esophageal pressure during straight leg raise maneuver, measured 5 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 6 months
Mean esophageal pressure during SLR
Mean esophageal pressure during straight leg raise maneuver, measured 5 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 6 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted24 Mar 2021
- Study start1 Jun 2021
- Primary completion30 Dec 2021 (estimated)
- Study completion30 Dec 2021 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (6)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Gastroesophageal RefluxStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Diagnosis
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 336 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Milan
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Medical University of Vienna, University Hospital Padova, University of Missouri, St. Louis, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, The Oregon Clinic, The Functional Gut Clinic, University of Texas at Austin, University of Athens, Ohio State University, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Jikei University School of Medicine
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Luigi Bonavina, University of Milan
- Investigators
- Luigi Bonavina, MD, Principal investigator, University of Milan
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04813029
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- SLR2021
- Status last verified
- Jul 2021
- First submitted
- 17 Mar 2021
- Last updated
- 22 Jul 2021
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Rogers BD, Rengarajan A, Ali IA, Hasak SL, Hansalia V, Gyawali CP. Straight leg raise metrics on high-resolution manometry associate with esophageal reflux burden. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2020 Dec;32(12):e13929. doi: 10.1111/nmo.13929. Epub 2020 Jul 6.
PubMed 32633016Masuda T, Mittal SK, Kovacs B, Csucska M, Bremner RM. Simple Manometric Index for Comprehensive Esophagogastric Junction Barrier Competency Against Gastroesophageal Reflux. J Am Coll Surg. 2020 May;230(5):744-755e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2020.01.034. Epub 2020 Mar 3.
PubMed 32142925Yadlapati R, Kahrilas PJ, Fox MR, Bredenoord AJ, Prakash Gyawali C, Roman S, Babaei A, Mittal RK, Rommel N, Savarino E, Sifrim D, Smout A, Vaezi MF, Zerbib F, Akiyama J, Bhatia S, Bor S, Carlson DA, Chen JW, Cisternas D, Cock C, Coss-Adame E, de Bortoli N, Defilippi C, Fass R, Ghoshal UC, Gonlachanvit S, Hani A, Hebbard GS, Wook Jung K, Katz P, Katzka DA, Khan A, Kohn GP, Lazarescu A, Lengliner J, Mittal SK, Omari T, Park MI, Penagini R, Pohl D, Richter JE, Serra J, Sweis R, Tack J, Tatum RP, Tutuian R, Vela MF, Wong RK, Wu JC, Xiao Y, Pandolfino JE. Esophageal motility disorders on high-resolution manometry: Chicago classification version 4.0(c). Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2021 Jan;33(1):e14058. doi: 10.1111/nmo.14058.
PubMed 33373111Gyawali CP, Kahrilas PJ, Savarino E, Zerbib F, Mion F, Smout AJPM, Vaezi M, Sifrim D, Fox MR, Vela MF, Tutuian R, Tack J, Bredenoord AJ, Pandolfino J, Roman S. Modern diagnosis of GERD: the Lyon Consensus. Gut. 2018 Jul;67(7):1351-1362. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314722. Epub 2018 Feb 3.
PubMed 29437910van Hoeij FB, Smout AJ, Bredenoord AJ. Predictive value of routine esophageal high-resolution manometry for gastro-esophageal reflux disease. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2015 Jul;27(7):963-70. doi: 10.1111/nmo.12570. Epub 2015 Apr 30.
PubMed 25930019Siboni S, Kristo I, Rogers BD, De Bortoli N, Hobson A, Louie B, Lee YY, Tee V, Tolone S, Marabotto E, Visaggi P, Haworth J, Ivy M, Greenan G, Facchini C, Masuda T, Yano F, Perry K, Balasubramanian G, Theodorou D, Triantafyllou T, Cusmai L, Boveri S, Schoppmann SF, Gyawali CP, Bonavina L. Improving the Diagnostic Yield of High-Resolution Esophageal Manometry for GERD: The "Straight Leg-Raise" International Study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023 Jul;21(7):1761-1770.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2022.10.008. Epub 2022 Oct 19.
PubMed 36270615
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 22 Jul 2021. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Defining High-Resolution Manometry Thresholds of Backward Pressure Across the Lower Esophageal Sphincter Through Straight Leg Raise Maneuver Predictive of Pathologic Acid Exposure Time
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04813029
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- SLR2021
- Conditions
- Gastroesophageal Reflux
- Keywords
- High Resolution Manometry, pH-impedance, Gastroesophageal Reflux disease
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 336 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- University of MilanUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Medical University of Vienna, University Hospital Padova, University of Missouri, St. Louis, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, The Oregon Clinic, The Functional Gut Clinic, University of Texas at Austin, University of Athens, Ohio State University, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Jikei University School of Medicine
- Study start
- 1 Jun 2021 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Dec 2021 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 30 Dec 2021 (estimated)
- First posted
- 24 Mar 2021 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
High resolution manometry (HRM) is a key test in the preoperative assessment of patients with gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) who are potential candidates for antireflux surgery. The recent Lyon consensus suggested the potential usefulness of HRM in diagnosing GERD, however, sensitivity and specificity of HRM for GERD remains low (53.6% and 72.5% respectively). Among recently proposed provocative tests during manometry, a traditional maneuver (straight leg raise maneuver, SLR) appeared promising in predicting reflux.
This is a multicenter study involving high-volume esophageal function laboratories around the world. Patients with suspected GERD and tested with HRM and pH-impedance will be asked to perform SLR during HRM. Intra-abdominal and intra-esophageal pressure during SLR will be recorded and compared with acid exposure time (AET) at pH-impedance.
Primary aim is to determine the optimal threshold of intra-esophageal pressure augmentation during straight leg raise (SLR) maneuver that predicts pathological esophageal acid exposure time (AET). Secondary aim is to assess the diagnostic performance of HMR with SRL maneuver, calculating sensitivity, specificity, false-positive rate (FPR), false-negative rate (FNR), positive predictive value and total misclassification rate.
Detailed description
It has been demonstrated a low sensitivity and specificity of HRM for GERD (53.6% and 72.5% respectively), since there was a significant overlap between patients and controls in the majority of parameters. Masuda et al. attempted to improve HRM accuracy using a comprehensive index and new parameters, such as the backflow preventive and promotive pressure through the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). Although a significant correlation between reflux burden and the new index was found, sensitivity and specificity of HRM for GERD remained unchanged.
Recently, provocative tests have been added to the standard protocol of HRM studies. Among these, a traditional maneuver in water perfused manometry (straight leg raise maneuver, SLR) appeared promising in predicting reflux even with HRM.
A multicenter study with a large number of patients could provide more precise thresholds to predict pathologic esophageal acid exposure time and proof of real-life generalizability of SLR.
A thorough clinical evaluation will be performed. GerdQ, GERD Health Related Quality of Life (GERD-HRQL) and Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) questionnaires will be administered. HRM will be performed according to the standard protocol defined by Chicago Classification 4.0. Upon completion of the test, the SLR maneuver will be performed. With the patient in supine position, one leg is raised to form an angle of at least 45 degrees with the bed. The patient will be asked to keep that position for at least 5 seconds. The maneuver will be repeated after 20-30 seconds. The first adequate maneuver will be considered for the study. Intra-esophageal and intra-abdominal pressure will be analyzed both during baseline and SLR maneuver. Intra-esophageal pressure is measured as peak and mean over 5 seconds, 1 cm and 5 cm above the proximal margin of the LES. Intra-abdominal pressure will be measured as peak and mean over 5 seconds 1 cm below the distal margin of the diaphragm notch.
Primary aim is to determine the optimal threshold of intra-esophageal pressure augmentation during straight leg raise (SLR) maneuver that predicted pathological esophageal acid exposure time (AET). Secondary aim is to assess the diagnostic performance of HMR with SRL maneuver in patients with GERD symptoms, calculating sensitivity, specificity, false-positive rate (FPR), false-negative rate (FNR) and total misclassification rate.
The Principal Investigator will maintain research data on an encrypted file server with access controls only accessible to approved study investigators. Research records will be de-identified using coded subject identifiers prior to transfer from sites to the Principal Investigator to protect patient confidentiality. Study data will be maintained by the Principal Investigator and deleted 3 years after the end of the study.
Data from each site will be electronically transferred to Principal Investigator. The electronic copy will contain no patient identifying data elements such as name, date of birth, medical record numbers. Participating institutions will create unique patient participant numbers based on a standard formula allocated by Principal investigator (two digit institution code, two digit patient identifier, 01-20).
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Diagnosis
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Straight Leg Raise | Experimental | Procedure: Straight leg raise maneuverPatients perform straight leg raise maneuver at the end of High-resolution Manometry test |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 75 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Complete and adequate HRM and pH-impedance study performed within 2 weeks
- Successfully performed SLR maneuver (adequate intra-abdominal pressure augmentation)
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Patients with prior foregut surgery
- Obese with BMI>35 Kg/m2
- Paraesophageal hiatal hernia
- Scleroderma
- Eosinophilic esophagitis
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Straight leg raise maneuverWith the patient in supine position, one leg is raised to form an angle of at least 45 degrees with the bed. The patient will be asked to keep that position for at least 5 seconds. The maneuver will be repeated after 20-30 seconds. The first adequate maneuver will be considered for the study. Intra-esophageal and intra-abdominal pressure will be analyzed both during baseline and SLR maneuver. Intra-esophageal pressure is measured as peak and mean over 5 seconds, 1 cm and 5 cm above the proximal margin of the LES. Intra-abdominal pressure will be measured as peak and mean over 5 seconds 1 cm below the distal margin of the diaphragm notch. | Procedure or surgery | Straight Leg Raise |
Primary outcome
Peak esophageal pressure during SLR
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 6 months
Peak esophageal pressure during straight leg raise maneuver, measured 5 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter
Mean esophageal pressure during SLR
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 6 months
Mean esophageal pressure during straight leg raise maneuver, measured 5 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 22 Jul 2021.
- Background: PubMed 32633016Rogers BD, Rengarajan A, Ali IA, Hasak SL, Hansalia V, Gyawali CP. Straight leg raise metrics on high-resolution manometry associate with esophageal reflux burden. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2020 Dec;32(12):e13929. doi: 10.1111/nmo.13929. Epub 2020 Jul 6.
- Background: PubMed 32142925Masuda T, Mittal SK, Kovacs B, Csucska M, Bremner RM. Simple Manometric Index for Comprehensive Esophagogastric Junction Barrier Competency Against Gastroesophageal Reflux. J Am Coll Surg. 2020 May;230(5):744-755e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2020.01.034. Epub 2020 Mar 3.
- Background: PubMed 33373111Yadlapati R, Kahrilas PJ, Fox MR, Bredenoord AJ, Prakash Gyawali C, Roman S, Babaei A, Mittal RK, Rommel N, Savarino E, Sifrim D, Smout A, Vaezi MF, Zerbib F, Akiyama J, Bhatia S, Bor S, Carlson DA, Chen JW, Cisternas D, Cock C, Coss-Adame E, de Bortoli N, Defilippi C, Fass R, Ghoshal UC, Gonlachanvit S, Hani A, Hebbard GS, Wook Jung K, Katz P, Katzka DA, Khan A, Kohn GP, Lazarescu A, Lengliner J, Mittal SK, Omari T, Park MI, Penagini R, Pohl D, Richter JE, Serra J, Sweis R, Tack J, Tatum RP, Tutuian R, Vela MF, Wong RK, Wu JC, Xiao Y, Pandolfino JE. Esophageal motility disorders on high-resolution manometry: Chicago classification version 4.0(c). Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2021 Jan;33(1):e14058. doi: 10.1111/nmo.14058.
- Background: PubMed 29437910Gyawali CP, Kahrilas PJ, Savarino E, Zerbib F, Mion F, Smout AJPM, Vaezi M, Sifrim D, Fox MR, Vela MF, Tutuian R, Tack J, Bredenoord AJ, Pandolfino J, Roman S. Modern diagnosis of GERD: the Lyon Consensus. Gut. 2018 Jul;67(7):1351-1362. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314722. Epub 2018 Feb 3.
- Background: PubMed 25930019van Hoeij FB, Smout AJ, Bredenoord AJ. Predictive value of routine esophageal high-resolution manometry for gastro-esophageal reflux disease. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2015 Jul;27(7):963-70. doi: 10.1111/nmo.12570. Epub 2015 Apr 30.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 36270615Siboni S, Kristo I, Rogers BD, De Bortoli N, Hobson A, Louie B, Lee YY, Tee V, Tolone S, Marabotto E, Visaggi P, Haworth J, Ivy M, Greenan G, Facchini C, Masuda T, Yano F, Perry K, Balasubramanian G, Theodorou D, Triantafyllou T, Cusmai L, Boveri S, Schoppmann SF, Gyawali CP, Bonavina L. Improving the Diagnostic Yield of High-Resolution Esophageal Manometry for GERD: The "Straight Leg-Raise" International Study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023 Jul;21(7):1761-1770.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2022.10.008. Epub 2022 Oct 19.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Luigi Bonavina, MD principal investigator
University of Milan
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Straight leg raise maneuver in people with Gastroesophageal Reflux, run by University of Milan at 1 site in Italy.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 22 Jul 2021. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Italy. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Stefano Siboni, MD (+393493232750, stefano.siboni@grupposandonato.it), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Peak esophageal pressure during SLR (time frame: Through study completion, an average of 6 months). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04813029, which also lists 6 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 22 Jul 2021.