Traumatic Brain InjuryACTIVENCT04976621
ACTIVE: Activity Therapy to Increase Veteran Engagement
A study testing Behavioral Activation and Treatment as Usual in people with Traumatic Brain Injury, run by VA Office of Research and Development at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
Depression is common after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and may have wide-ranging consequences. Post-TBI depression may impede reintegration into the family and community and lead to lower quality of life and heightened suicide risk. It may also interfere with rehabilitation. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 21 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Traumatic Brain Injury
- What is being tested?
- Behavioral Activation and Treatment as Usual
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 46 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 15 Feb 2022to 3 Jun 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 21 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Veteran enrolled in the outpatient Rehabilitation Medicine Service at the Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center
- Age of 21 years or older
- Meet professional criteria for mild or moderate TBI
- Confirmation of TBI diagnosis
- Have a CES-D score at or above 16 at both the Telephone Screen and Baseline
- Those taking antidepressants or other medications affecting mood or behavior must have been using these for at least three months, to allow for stabilization.
Show all 9Show fewer
- Those in psychotherapy can participate if therapy has been ongoing for three months or longer.
- Veterans report current TBI-related symptoms on the Telephone Screen.
- Speak English
Who cannot join
- A diagnosis of severe TBI
- Psychosis
- Aphasia
- History of bipolar disorder
- Presence of suicidal ideation with affirmative response on item 9 of the PHQ-9
- History of severe physical aggressiveness, judged by the clinical team
- Currently receiving Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for depression
- Dementia (determined on case-by-case basis based on physician diagnosis and participant's difficulty understanding interview questions)
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104-4551
About this study
Official title: A Feasibility Study of Behavioral Activation in the Rehabilitation of Veterans With Post-TBI Depression
Depression is common after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and may have wide-ranging consequences. Post-TBI depression may impede reintegration into the family and community and lead to lower quality of life and heightened suicide risk. It may also interfere with rehabilitation. Yet, current treatments for post-TBI depression are based largely on expert opinion rather than evidence from rigorous studies.
Behavioral activation (BA) is a promising intervention for post-TBI depression. It is a brief behavioral treatment that helps people define goals, create and execute plans to reach them, and engage in meaningful activities. BA has been tested in clinical trials since the 1970s and has been shown to reduce or prevent depression in populations with diverse medical conditions. However, BA has rarely been used or studied for treatment of depression in a TBI population.
Read more
The investigators will conduct a study of BA with at least 40 Veterans with TBI and depressive symptoms in VA outpatient rehabilitation care. One group of Veterans will be randomly assigned to receive BA plus usual care. The BA program consists of six sessions delivered over three months at the VA (or Veterans' homes, if preferred) by an occupational therapist (OT). A second group of Veterans will be randomly assigned to receive usual care. The investigators will assess the feasibility of delivering the BA intervention in the rehabilitation setting and its acceptability to Veterans and staff. The research team will also assess participant responses to BA in the outcomes of depressive symptoms, community reintegration, and quality of life. Study findings will be used to guide the development of a future study of BA in a larger sample of Veterans with post-TBI depression.
This study and future research may add a powerful clinical tool to rehabilitation services to lessen or prevent depression in Veterans with TBI. Reducing depression may in turn facilitate rehabilitation and enhance community reintegration, allowing Veterans to engage more fully in their families and communities.
Read the detailed description
Objectives: Nearly 400,000 Veterans have been diagnosed with traumatic brain injury (TBI) since 2000, representing up to 22% of combat casualties. Depression is one of the most prevalent and serious of TBI sequelae. Post-TBI depression adversely affects rehabilitation, treatment adherence, community reintegration (CR), quality of life (QOL), social relationships, and caregiver burden. Yet, post-TBI depression remains under-assessed, undertreated, and under-studied. No clinical guidelines for post-TBI depression treatment exist, and current treatment is largely based on expert opinion rather than evidence from controlled clinical trials.
A promising therapeutic approach to post-TBI depression is Behavioral Activation (BA), a brief and pragmatic treatment rigorously tested since the 1970s in clinical trials for depression in diverse clinical populations. BA helps individuals set goals, create plans, and engage in activities that improve mood and maintain social connectedness - making it well-suited to treating depression in a TBI population that struggles to set goals and is prone to social isolation. BA can accommodate hallmark deficits of TBI such as deficits in memory, organization, planning, initiation, emotion regulation, and interpersonal functioning. It can be delivered by professionals routinely available in VA outpatient rehabilitation services (e.g., occupational therapists, nurses, psychologists, social workers) and, therefore, can be deployed in rehabilitation settings.
The proposed research will assess the feasibility of a BA protocol adapted for post-TBI depression in an outpatient VA rehabilitation setting. Specific study objectives are to: (1) assess BA's acceptability to Veterans and staff and other feasibility indices, (2) provide preliminary evidence of participant response in the outcomes of depressive symptoms, CR, and QOL at the 3-month follow-up interview, (3) develop the BA protocol and manual to be tested in a larger randomized controlled trial (RCT) in the future, and (4) explore engagement in activity as the mechanism that underlies BA intervention effects on outcomes.
Research Design: This feasibility study includes a pilot randomized controlled trail to examine participant response.
Methodology: This feasibility study will enroll at least 40 male and female Veterans receiving care at a VAMC Rehabilitation Medicine Service and meeting study criteria for TBI and depression. Veterans will be randomly assigned to BA plus treatment as usual (TAU) or control (TAU). The BA program consists of six sessions delivered over 3 months at the VA (or the Veteran's home, as preferred by Veteran) by an occupational therapist (OT). All Veterans are interviewed at baseline before randomization and 3 months later by a blinded interviewer. Both interviews assess Veterans' depressive symptoms, CR, and QOL, using standardized instruments. Feasibility will be assessed in six domains: acceptability to Veterans and clinic staff; process (recruitment, refusal, and retention rates; study completion; eligibility criteria; and number of sessions attended); practicality (resources and constraints imposed by the setting); safety; participant comprehension of interviews and the intervention; and research burden (length of interviews, participant fatigue, and emotional distress). After the follow-up interview, phone interviews with BA participants and with clinic staff will be conducted to capture acceptability and their experience with BA. These qualitative and quantitative methods are designed to test the feasibility of a future RCT, identify the barriers and facilitators to implementation of BA in the rehabilitation setting, and describe Veterans' experiences with BA.
Impact/Significance: This study and line of research has the potential to advance knowledge by identifying a feasible and efficacious approach to preventing and/or mitigating depression among Veterans with TBI, a clinical population at high risk for depression and its sequelae. Findings will be used to inform the development of a future RCT powered to test BA's efficacy in a larger sample of Veterans with post-TBI depression.
- Conditions
- Traumatic Brain Injury
- Being tested
- Behavioral Activation, Treatment as Usual
- Keywords
- rehabilitation, depression, veterans
- Medical subject headings
- Brain Injuries, Traumatic, Depression
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Behavioral ActivationBehavioural
BA is a brief behavioral treatment that helps people define goals, create and execute plans to attain them, and engage in meaningful activities. BA protocol components include: goal setting (especially for activities that promote social connectedness), creation of a plan (broken down into steps), strategies for implementation of steps, identification of potential barriers, tactics to overcome them, activity monitoring and scheduling, and emotion regulation strategies. The BA intervention will be delivered in 6 sessions over 3 months by Occupational Therapists trained in BA for post-TBI depression. BA sessions will be conducted in person in an office at the VA rehabilitation clinic, virtually by VA Video Connect, or in person in the home, depending on the veteran's preference.
Treatment as UsualOther
Treatment as Usual refers to usual care provided by the VA medical center.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Behavioral Activation (BA) intervention group | Experimental | Participants in the BA group will receive BA treatment and treatment as usual. BA is a brief behavioral treatment that helps people define goals, create and execute plans to attain them, and engage in meaningful activities. The BA intervention will be delivered in 6 sessions over 3 months by Occupational Therapists trained in BA for post-TBI depression. BA sessions will be conducted in person in an office at the VA rehabilitation clinic, virtually by VA Video Connect, or in person in the home, depending on the veteran's preference. Receives: Behavioral: Behavioral Activation; Other: Treatment as Usual |
| Treatment as Usual Control Group | Other | Participants in the Control group receive treatment as usual (TAU), which is usual care provided by the VA medical center. Receives: Other: Treatment as Usual |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Depressive Symptom Scores on CES-D
Depressive symptoms will be measured by The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). CES-D is a well-established 20-item screening instrument that shows good psychometric properties in TBI populations. It will be administered at the Baseline interview and Follow-up interview (at 3 months). It uses a Likert-type scale from 0 to 3. The total score is the sum across all 20 items. Total scores may range from 0 to 60, with higher scores indicating greater depressive symptoms.
Measured: 3 - 4 months
Secondary outcomes (2)
Community Reintegration Scores on PART-O-17
The Participation Assessment with Recombined Tools-Objective scale (PART-O-17) measures participation in the community in three domains: Productivity, Out and About, and Social Relations. In our study, scores were converted to z scores because more than one response format was used across items. When data are converted to Z scores, the sample mean is always 0. Scores (i.e., Z scores, not standard deviations) above 0 indicate better than average community participation, those below 0 indicate worse participation. Thus, higher scores of this scale indicate better participation.
Measured: 3 - 4 months
Quality of Life in TBI Scores on QoL-TBI Instrument
Quality of life in TBI will be measured by The QoL-TBI instrument. This is a 37-item patient-centered measure that captures the individual's perception of his/her health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) in cognition, self-care, daily life and autonomy, social relationships, emotions, and physical problems. It will be administered at the Baseline interview and Follow-up interview (at 3 months). It uses a 5-point scale from "0 - Not at all" to "4- Very." Although the published description of this tool designates sums across all items as a summary score, we computed the mean of all items. The reason is that the use of a sum poses a problem whenever there are missing data, which produces a spuriously lower score for individuals with some missing responses. Higher scores indicate better quality of life.
Measured: 3 - 4 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted26 Jul 2021
- Study start15 Feb 2022
- Primary completion16 Apr 2024
- Study completion3 Jun 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Other trials for Traumatic Brain InjuryStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by VA Office of Research and DevelopmentThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- At the baseline interview, the interviewer will review the study, answer questions, obtain Informed Consent, conduct screening for eligibility, and conduct the baseline interview. The interview will be conducted in the rehabilitation clinic office, by VA Video Connect, or in the home. Veterans who do not wish to continue with the study after the baseline interview will not be randomized. Within 48 hours of the baseline interview, eligible veterans will be randomized using the method of random permuted blocks and concealed allocation. Those randomized to BA will be contacted within 5 days by the interventionist and scheduled for the first session. They will receive the 6-session BA intervention (as well as treatment as usual \[TAU\]). Control participants will receive TAU only (which may include current medical and mental health treatments.) Three months after Baseline, a blinded interviewer will conduct the follow-up interview in person or on the phone with all veterans.
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Care provider, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 46 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- VA Office of Research and Development
- Sponsor type
- US federal agency
- Collaborators
- Thomas Jefferson University
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Helene J Moriarty, PhD RN, Principal investigator, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04976621
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- D3578-P
- Acronym
- ACTIVE
- Status last verified
- Nov 2025
- First submitted
- 1 Jul 2021
- Last updated
- 12 Dec 2025
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: Final data sets underlying all publications resulting from the research will be shared outside VA. A de-identified, anonymized dataset will be created and shared. A final dataset will be made available to the public upon receipt of a study-specific Data Use Agreement made in writing and following IRB and VA R\&D regulations. Data will be provided electronically and per VA regulations for transferring data.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 12 Dec 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Feasibility Study of Behavioral Activation in the Rehabilitation of Veterans With Post-TBI Depression
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04976621
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- ACTIVE / D3578-P
- Conditions
- Traumatic Brain Injury
- Keywords
- rehabilitation, depression, veterans
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 46 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- VA Office of Research and DevelopmentUS federal agency
- Collaborators
- Thomas Jefferson University
- Study start
- 15 Feb 2022 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 16 Apr 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 3 Jun 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 26 Jul 2021 (actual)
- Results
- Posted 22 Sep 2025
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Depression is common after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and may have wide-ranging consequences. Post-TBI depression may impede reintegration into the family and community and lead to lower quality of life and heightened suicide risk. It may also interfere with rehabilitation. Yet, current treatments for post-TBI depression are based largely on expert opinion rather than evidence from rigorous studies.
Behavioral activation (BA) is a promising intervention for post-TBI depression. It is a brief behavioral treatment that helps people define goals, create and execute plans to reach them, and engage in meaningful activities. BA has been tested in clinical trials since the 1970s and has been shown to reduce or prevent depression in populations with diverse medical conditions. However, BA has rarely been used or studied for treatment of depression in a TBI population.
The investigators will conduct a study of BA with at least 40 Veterans with TBI and depressive symptoms in VA outpatient rehabilitation care. One group of Veterans will be randomly assigned to receive BA plus usual care. The BA program consists of six sessions delivered over three months at the VA (or Veterans' homes, if preferred) by an occupational therapist (OT). A second group of Veterans will be randomly assigned to receive usual care. The investigators will assess the feasibility of delivering the BA intervention in the rehabilitation setting and its acceptability to Veterans and staff. The research team will also assess participant responses to BA in the outcomes of depressive symptoms, community reintegration, and quality of life. Study findings will be used to guide the development of a future study of BA in a larger sample of Veterans with post-TBI depression.
This study and future research may add a powerful clinical tool to rehabilitation services to lessen or prevent depression in Veterans with TBI. Reducing depression may in turn facilitate rehabilitation and enhance community reintegration, allowing Veterans to engage more fully in their families and communities.
Detailed description
Objectives: Nearly 400,000 Veterans have been diagnosed with traumatic brain injury (TBI) since 2000, representing up to 22% of combat casualties. Depression is one of the most prevalent and serious of TBI sequelae. Post-TBI depression adversely affects rehabilitation, treatment adherence, community reintegration (CR), quality of life (QOL), social relationships, and caregiver burden. Yet, post-TBI depression remains under-assessed, undertreated, and under-studied. No clinical guidelines for post-TBI depression treatment exist, and current treatment is largely based on expert opinion rather than evidence from controlled clinical trials.
A promising therapeutic approach to post-TBI depression is Behavioral Activation (BA), a brief and pragmatic treatment rigorously tested since the 1970s in clinical trials for depression in diverse clinical populations. BA helps individuals set goals, create plans, and engage in activities that improve mood and maintain social connectedness - making it well-suited to treating depression in a TBI population that struggles to set goals and is prone to social isolation. BA can accommodate hallmark deficits of TBI such as deficits in memory, organization, planning, initiation, emotion regulation, and interpersonal functioning. It can be delivered by professionals routinely available in VA outpatient rehabilitation services (e.g., occupational therapists, nurses, psychologists, social workers) and, therefore, can be deployed in rehabilitation settings.
The proposed research will assess the feasibility of a BA protocol adapted for post-TBI depression in an outpatient VA rehabilitation setting. Specific study objectives are to: (1) assess BA's acceptability to Veterans and staff and other feasibility indices, (2) provide preliminary evidence of participant response in the outcomes of depressive symptoms, CR, and QOL at the 3-month follow-up interview, (3) develop the BA protocol and manual to be tested in a larger randomized controlled trial (RCT) in the future, and (4) explore engagement in activity as the mechanism that underlies BA intervention effects on outcomes.
Research Design: This feasibility study includes a pilot randomized controlled trail to examine participant response.
Methodology: This feasibility study will enroll at least 40 male and female Veterans receiving care at a VAMC Rehabilitation Medicine Service and meeting study criteria for TBI and depression. Veterans will be randomly assigned to BA plus treatment as usual (TAU) or control (TAU). The BA program consists of six sessions delivered over 3 months at the VA (or the Veteran's home, as preferred by Veteran) by an occupational therapist (OT). All Veterans are interviewed at baseline before randomization and 3 months later by a blinded interviewer. Both interviews assess Veterans' depressive symptoms, CR, and QOL, using standardized instruments. Feasibility will be assessed in six domains: acceptability to Veterans and clinic staff; process (recruitment, refusal, and retention rates; study completion; eligibility criteria; and number of sessions attended); practicality (resources and constraints imposed by the setting); safety; participant comprehension of interviews and the intervention; and research burden (length of interviews, participant fatigue, and emotional distress). After the follow-up interview, phone interviews with BA participants and with clinic staff will be conducted to capture acceptability and their experience with BA. These qualitative and quantitative methods are designed to test the feasibility of a future RCT, identify the barriers and facilitators to implementation of BA in the rehabilitation setting, and describe Veterans' experiences with BA.
Impact/Significance: This study and line of research has the potential to advance knowledge by identifying a feasible and efficacious approach to preventing and/or mitigating depression among Veterans with TBI, a clinical population at high risk for depression and its sequelae. Findings will be used to inform the development of a future RCT powered to test BA's efficacy in a larger sample of Veterans with post-TBI depression.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (care provider, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- At the baseline interview, the interviewer will review the study, answer questions, obtain Informed Consent, conduct screening for eligibility, and conduct the baseline interview. The interview will be conducted in the rehabilitation clinic office, by VA Video Connect, or in the home. Veterans who do not wish to continue with the study after the baseline interview will not be randomized. Within 48 hours of the baseline interview, eligible veterans will be randomized using the method of random permuted blocks and concealed allocation. Those randomized to BA will be contacted within 5 days by the interventionist and scheduled for the first session. They will receive the 6-session BA intervention (as well as treatment as usual [TAU]). Control participants will receive TAU only (which may include current medical and mental health treatments.) Three months after Baseline, a blinded interviewer will conduct the follow-up interview in person or on the phone with all veterans.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Behavioral Activation (BA) intervention group | Experimental | Behavioral: Behavioral Activation, Other: Treatment as UsualParticipants in the BA group will receive BA treatment and treatment as usual. BA is a brief behavioral treatment that helps people define goals, create and execute plans to attain them, and engage in meaningful activities. The BA intervention will be delivered in 6 sessions over 3 months by Occupational Therapists trained in BA for post-TBI depression. BA sessions will be conducted in person in an office at the VA rehabilitation clinic, virtually by VA Video Connect, or in person in the home, depending on the veteran's preference. |
| Treatment as Usual Control Group | Other | Other: Treatment as UsualParticipants in the Control group receive treatment as usual (TAU), which is usual care provided by the VA medical center. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 21 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Veteran enrolled in the outpatient Rehabilitation Medicine Service at the Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center
- Age of 21 years or older
- Meet professional criteria for mild or moderate TBI
- Confirmation of TBI diagnosis
- Have a CES-D score at or above 16 at both the Telephone Screen and Baseline
Key exclusion criteria (8 listed)
- A diagnosis of severe TBI
- Psychosis
- Aphasia
- History of bipolar disorder
- Presence of suicidal ideation with affirmative response on item 9 of the PHQ-9
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Behavioral ActivationBA is a brief behavioral treatment that helps people define goals, create and execute plans to attain them, and engage in meaningful activities. BA protocol components include: goal setting (especially for activities that promote social connectedness), creation of a plan (broken down into steps), strategies for implementation of steps, identification of potential barriers, tactics to overcome them, activity monitoring and scheduling, and emotion regulation strategies. The BA intervention will be delivered in 6 sessions over 3 months by Occupational Therapists trained in BA for post-TBI depression. BA sessions will be conducted in person in an office at the VA rehabilitation clinic, virtually by VA Video Connect, or in person in the home, depending on the veteran's preference. | Behavioural | Behavioral Activation (BA) intervention group |
| Treatment as UsualTreatment as Usual refers to usual care provided by the VA medical center. | Other | Behavioral Activation (BA) intervention group, Treatment as Usual Control Group |
Primary outcome
Depressive Symptom Scores on CES-D
Time frame: 3 - 4 months
Depressive symptoms will be measured by The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). CES-D is a well-established 20-item screening instrument that shows good psychometric properties in TBI populations. It will be administered at the Baseline interview and Follow-up interview (at 3 months). It uses a Likert-type scale from 0 to 3. The total score is the sum across all 20 items. Total scores may range from 0 to 60, with higher scores indicating greater depressive symptoms.
2 secondary outcomes
Community Reintegration Scores on PART-O-17
Time frame: 3 - 4 months
Quality of Life in TBI Scores on QoL-TBI Instrument
Time frame: 3 - 4 months
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 12 Dec 2025.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. Final data sets underlying all publications resulting from the research will be shared outside VA. A de-identified, anonymized dataset will be created and shared. A final dataset will be made available to the public upon receipt of a study-specific Data Use Agreement made in writing and following IRB and VA R\&D regulations. Data will be provided electronically and per VA regulations for transferring data.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Helene J Moriarty, PhD RN principal investigator
Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Behavioral Activation and Treatment as Usual in people with Traumatic Brain Injury, run by VA Office of Research and Development at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 9 inclusion and 8 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 12 Dec 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 22 Sep 2025). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Depressive Symptom Scores on CES-D (time frame: 3 - 4 months). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 12 Dec 2025.