Food PreferencesNCT05079477
Online Study of the Effects of Sugary Drink Warning Labels on Consumption
A study testing Exposure to sugar-sweetened beverage warning labels and Exposure to calorie information in people with Food Preferences, run by University of Pennsylvania at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The aim of this study is to determine the degree to which sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) warning labels increase consumers' knowledge about the potential health harms of SSBs and reduce SSB purchases and consumption. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Food Preferences
- What is being tested?
- Exposure to sugar-sweetened beverage warning labels and Exposure to calorie information
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 216 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 6 Oct 2021to 17 Jan 2023
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- a primary caregiver of a child 6-to-11 years old;
- >=18 years old;
- can read and speak English;
- primary grocery shopper for their household;
- have regular Internet access; and
- report that the oldest of their children between 6 and 11 years old is consuming sugar sweetened beverages at least twelve times per month or approximately three times a week
Who cannot join
- not a primary caregiver of a child 6-to-11 years old;
- <18 years old;
- cannot read and/or speak English;
- not the primary grocery shopper for their household;
- does not have regular Internet access; and
- does not report that the oldest of their children between 6 and 11 years old is consuming sugar sweetened beverages at least twelve times per month or approximately three times a week
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
About this study
Official title: Communicating the Health Risks of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages: A Randomized-controlled Experiment of Different Nutrition Labels on Purchases and Consumption
The aim of this study is to determine the degree to which sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) warning labels increase consumers' knowledge about the potential health harms of SSBs and reduce SSB purchases and consumption. 216 racially and ethnically diverse parents of children 6-11 years old will be recruited to buy snacks and beverages for four weeks via an online store that ships participants their purchases. Participants will be randomized to either 1) calorie labels (control); or 2) sugar graphic warning labels. The investigators hypothesize that sugar graphic warning labels displayed in an online store in weeks 2-4 will lead to the greatest reductions from week 1 across both primary outcomes compared to the control group that will only see calorie labels.
Read the detailed description
During this study, participants will shop in an online store created using Shopify for four weeks. In this within-participant design, the first week of shopping is baseline. Participants will then be randomized to different store interfaces for the remaining three weeks based on one of two warning label conditions: 1) calorie labels (control); or 2) sugar graphic warning labels. Participants will complete a brief survey at the start of the study to assess demographic information, information about parent and child beverage consumption, and their online shopping experiences. At the end they will complete another survey about their beverage consumption, their experience shopping in the store, whether they noticed and used the warning labels, and their ability to recall the warning label message. Participants will also be asked about their perceptions of a specific type of warning label in this final survey. Upon completion of the survey, participants will be shown a debriefing statement explaining the study purpose. After they read the information, they will be asked whether or not they consent to allow their data to be used in this study.
- Conditions
- Food Preferences
- Being tested
- Exposure to sugar-sweetened beverage warning labels, Exposure to calorie information
- Keywords
- food labeling, child, sugar-sweetened beverages, eating, drinking, choice behavior
- Medical subject headings
- Food Preferences
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Exposure to sugar-sweetened beverage warning labelsBehavioural
Graphic images of the amount of sugar (randomly assigned teaspoons, packets, or cubes) and text warning labels
Exposure to calorie informationBehavioural
Calories for all beverages and foods
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Calorie label | Active comparator | Calorie label (control) will display a calories per package label on all beverages, not just sugary drinks. This is modeled after the American Beverage Association's current "Clear on Calories" labels. Additionally, all snack items will have a calories per serving label. Receives: Behavioral: Exposure to calorie information |
| Sugar graphic warning label | Experimental | All products in this arm will also have calorie labels. Beverages with added sugar will also have sugar graphic warning labels with the text: "WARNING: drinking beverages with added sugars contributes to obesity, diabetes, and tooth decay" along with graphics depicting the amount of sugar in the beverage. Receives: Behavioral: Exposure to sugar-sweetened beverage warning labels; Behavioral: Exposure to calorie information |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Beverage Calories Purchased, Week 1
Logged beverage calories/100mL purchased. Number of servings per item and number of items per package varied by product; therefore, calorie amounts were standardized to calories/100mL for beverages.
Measured: one week
Beverage Calories Purchased, Weeks 2-4
Logged average beverage calories/100mL purchased per week over Weeks 2-4. Number of servings per item and number of items per package varied by product; therefore, calorie amounts were standardized to calories/100mL for beverages.
Measured: three weeks
Beverage Added Sugars Purchased, Week 1
Beverage grams of added sugars/100mL purchased. Number of servings per item and number of items per package varied by product; therefore, added sugar amounts were standardized to grams of added sugar/100mL for beverages.
Measured: one week
Beverage Added Sugars Purchased, Weeks 2-4
Average beverage grams of added sugars/100mL purchased per week over Weeks 2-4. Number of servings per item and number of items per package varied by product; therefore, added sugar amounts were standardized to grams of added sugar/100mL for beverages.
Measured: three weeks
Secondary outcomes (40)
Number Purchasing a Sweetened Beverage, Week 1
Number of parents buying a sweetened beverage within each condition
Measured: one week
Number Purchasing a Sweetened Beverage, Weeks 2-4
Number of parents buying a sweetened beverage at any point during Weeks 2-4, within each condition
Measured: three weeks
Snack Calories Purchased, Week 1
Logged snack calories/100g purchased. Number of servings per item and number of items per package varied by product; therefore, calorie amounts were standardized to calories/100g for snacks.
Measured: one week
Snack Calories Purchased, Weeks 2-4
Logged average snack calories/100g purchased per week over Weeks 2-4. Number of servings per item and number of items per package varied by product; therefore, calorie amounts were standardized to calories/100g for snacks.
Measured: three weeks
Snack Added Sugars Purchased, Week 1
Snack grams of added sugars/100g purchased. Number of servings per item and number of items per package varied by product; therefore, added sugar amounts were standardized to grams of added sugar/100g for snacks.
Measured: one week
Snack Added Sugars Purchased, Weeks 2-4
Average snack grams of added sugars/100g purchased per week over Weeks 2-4. Number of servings per item and number of items per package varied by product; therefore, added sugar amounts were standardized to grams of added sugar/100g for snacks.
Measured: three weeks
Total Calories Purchased, Week 1
Log of the summed beverage and snack calories purchased
Measured: one week
Total Calories Purchased, Weeks 2-4
Log of the average summed beverage and snack calories purchased per week over Weeks 2-4
Measured: three weeks
Total Added Sugars Purchased, Week 1
Summed grams of beverage and snack added sugars purchased
Measured: one week
Total Added Sugars Purchased, Weeks 2-4
Average summed grams of beverage and snack added sugars purchased per week over Weeks 2-4
Measured: three weeks
Volume of Sweetened Beverages Consumed by Child, Baseline
Ounces of sweetened beverages (labeled in sugar condition) consumed per day in the last month by the child as measured by the Beverage Intake Questionnaire (BEV-Q) parent self-report survey.
Measured: baseline
Volume of Sweetened Beverages Consumed by Child, Final
Ounces of sweetened beverages (labeled in sugar condition) consumed per day in the last month by the child as measured by the Beverage Intake Questionnaire (BEV-Q) parent self-report survey.
Measured: Week 4
Volume of Sweetened Beverages Consumed by Parent, Baseline
Ounces of sweetened beverages (labeled in sugar condition) consumed per day in the last month by the parent as measured by the Beverage Intake Questionnaire (BEV-Q) self-report survey.
Measured: baseline
Volume of Sweetened Beverages Consumed by Parent, Final
Ounces of sweetened beverages (labeled in sugar condition) consumed per day in the last month by the parent as measured by the Beverage Intake Questionnaire (BEV-Q) self-report survey.
Measured: Week 4
Noticing the Label
Participants will respond "yes," "no," or "I don't know" to the item: "When you selected a beverage to purchase in the store, did you notice any labels on the beverages other than calorie information?"
Measured: Week 4
Perceived Label Influence
Participants will respond: "yes", "no," or "I did not notice any labels" in response to the question of whether the label influenced their purchase.
Measured: Week 4
How Much do You Trust the Information on This Label
"How much do you trust the information on this label?". Responses will be measured with a 7-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 7=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate greater trust in the label.
Measured: Week 4
Likelihood of Label Changing Thoughts
"If this government warning label were on a beverage, how much would it change your thoughts about the healthiness of that beverage for your child?" Responses will be measured with a 5-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 5=A lot. Higher numbers indicate the label would be more likely to change perceptions of beverage healthiness.
Measured: Week 4
Encourage You to Give Fewer Beverages to Your Child
"If you saw this government warning label on a beverage, would the label encourage you to serve your child that beverage less often?" Responses will be measured with a 5-point Likert scale where 1=Definitely no and 5=Definitely yes. Higher numbers indicate greater likelihood of serving unhealthy beverages less often.
Measured: Week 4
Negative Reactions to the Label
Average negative emotional response to the label will be examined (said the warning label made them feel worried, fearful, guilty, or disgusted or grossed out). Responses will be measured with a 5-point Likert scale averaging across the 4 negative emotions where 1=Not at all and 5=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate more negative reactions.
Measured: Week 4
Child Enjoyment of Water
"How much do you think your child would enjoy this product?" Responses will be measured with a 7-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 7=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate greater enjoyment of the product.
Measured: Week 4
Child Enjoyment of Orange Juice
"How much do you think your child would enjoy this product?" Responses will be measured with a 7-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 7=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate greater enjoyment of the product.
Measured: Week 4
Child Enjoyment of Soda
"How much do you think your child would enjoy this product?" Responses will be measured with a 7-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 7=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate greater enjoyment of the product.
Measured: Week 4
Child Enjoyment of Sports Drink
"How much do you think your child would enjoy this product?" Responses will be measured with a 7-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 7=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate greater enjoyment of the product.
Measured: Week 4
Likely to Serve or Buy Water
"How likely are you to serve or buy this product for your child in the next 4 weeks?" Responses will be measured with a 7-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 7=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate greater likelihood of serving or buying the product for their child.
Measured: Week 4
Likely to Serve or Buy Orange Juice
"How likely are you to serve or buy this product for your child in the next 4 weeks?" Responses will be measured with a 7-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 7=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate greater likelihood of serving or buying the product for their child.
Measured: Week 4
Likely to Serve or Buy Soda
"How likely are you to serve or buy this product for your child in the next 4 weeks?" Responses will be measured with a 7-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 7=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate greater likelihood of serving or buying the product for their child.
Measured: Week 4
Likely to Serve or Buy Sports Drinks
"How likely are you to serve or buy this product for your child in the next 4 weeks?" Responses will be measured with a 7-point Likert scale where 1=Not at all and 7=Extremely. Higher numbers indicate greater likelihood of serving or buying the product for their child.
Measured: Week 4
Health Beliefs and Risk Perceptions Index for Water
Summed responses to the following 7 health perception questions, 6 of which are prompted with the statement "Drinking this product often would…". The statements end with the following health belief and risk perception language: "lead my child to gain weight," "increase my child's risk of heart disease," "increase my child's risk of diabetes," "make my child feel energized," "help my child focus at school", and "help my child live a healthy life." The other item is: "How healthy do you think this product is for your child?" Responses to questions about weight gain, heart disease, and diabetes will be reverse coded, so higher scores on the summed index will indicate a stronger positive health perception of the beverages. This index ranges 7 to 49.
Measured: Week 4
Health Beliefs and Risk Perceptions Index for Orange Juice
Summed responses to the following 7 health perception questions, 6 of which are prompted with the statement "Drinking this product often would…". The statements end with the following health belief and risk perception language: "lead my child to gain weight," "increase my child's risk of heart disease," "increase my child's risk of diabetes," "make my child feel energized," "help my child focus at school", and "help my child live a healthy life." The other item is: "How healthy do you think this product is for your child?" Responses to questions about weight gain, heart disease, and diabetes will be reverse coded, so higher scores on the summed index will indicate a stronger positive health perception of the beverages. This index ranges 7 to 49.
Measured: Week 4
Health Beliefs and Risk Perceptions Index for Soda
Summed responses to the following 7 health perception questions, 6 of which are prompted with the statement "Drinking this product often would…". The statements end with the following health belief and risk perception language: "lead my child to gain weight," "increase my child's risk of heart disease," "increase my child's risk of diabetes," "make my child feel energized," "help my child focus at school", and "help my child live a healthy life." The other item is: "How healthy do you think this product is for your child?" Responses to questions about weight gain, heart disease, and diabetes will be reverse coded, so higher scores on the summed index will indicate a stronger positive health perception of the beverages. This index ranges 7 to 49.
Measured: Week 4
Health Beliefs and Risk Perceptions Index for Sports Drinks
Summed responses to the following 7 health perception questions, 6 of which are prompted with the statement "Drinking this product often would…". The statements end with the following health belief and risk perception language: "lead my child to gain weight," "increase my child's risk of heart disease," "increase my child's risk of diabetes," "make my child feel energized," "help my child focus at school", and "help my child live a healthy life." The other item is: "How healthy do you think this product is for your child?" Responses to questions about weight gain, heart disease, and diabetes will be reverse coded, so higher scores on the summed index will indicate a stronger positive health perception of the beverages. This index ranges 7 to 49.
Measured: Week 4
Estimate of How Many Teaspoons of Added Sugar Are in Water
This variable will be measured continuously based on a text box provided to participants. Median teaspoons in each condition will be assessed
Measured: Week 4
Estimate of How Many Teaspoons of Added Sugar Are in Orange Juice
This variable will be measured continuously based on a text box provided to participants. Median teaspoons in each condition will be assessed
Measured: Week 4
Estimate of How Many Teaspoons of Added Sugar Are in Soda
This variable will be measured continuously based on a text box provided to participants. Median teaspoons in each condition will be assessed
Measured: Week 4
Estimate of How Many Teaspoons of Added Sugar Are in Sports Drinks
This variable will be measured continuously based on a text box provided to participants. Median teaspoons in each condition will be assessed
Measured: Week 4
Perceived Amount of Added Sugar in Water
This variable will be measured with a 3-point ordinal Likert scale with values: 1 = "too little for my child", 2 = "just right for my child" and 3 = "too much for my child". Higher scores indicate beverage is perceived as having too much added sugar.
Measured: Week 4
Perceived Amount of Added Sugar in Orange Juice
This variable will be measured with a 3-point ordinal Likert scale with values: 1 = "too little for my child", 2 = "just right for my child" and 3 = "too much for my child". Higher scores indicate beverage is perceived as having too much added sugar.
Measured: Week 4
Perceived Amount of Added Sugar in Soda
This variable will be measured with a 3-point ordinal Likert scale with values: 1 = "too little for my child", 2 = "just right for my child" and 3 = "too much for my child". Higher scores indicate beverage is perceived as having too much added sugar.
Measured: Week 4
Perceived Amount of Added Sugar in Sports Drinks
This variable will be measured with a 3-point ordinal Likert scale with values: 1 = "too little for my child", 2 = "just right for my child" and 3 = "too much for my child". Higher scores indicate beverage is perceived as having too much added sugar.
Measured: Week 4
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted15 Oct 2021
- Study start6 Oct 2021
- Primary completion17 Jan 2023
- Study completion17 Jan 2023
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Other trials for Food PreferencesStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of PennsylvaniaThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- This randomized, controlled online study will capture beverage and snack purchases from an online store. These products will be mailed to participants for each of the 4 shopping weeks. Participants' consumption will be measured at the beginning and end of the study. As this is a within-participant study, consumption for each arm will be compared to baseline for that participant (Week 1 shopping).
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 216 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Pennsylvania
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Christina A Roberto, PhD, Principal investigator, University of Pennsylvania
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05079477
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 844786
- Other IDs
- R01DK111558
- Status last verified
- Mar 2024
- First submitted
- 15 Sep 2021
- Last updated
- 4 Apr 2024
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: In the consenting process, participants agreed that de-identified data produced from this project may be distributed for future research studies without additional informed consent. Any de-identified data shared will be done so via PennBox, a secure method to transfer files.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 4 Apr 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Communicating the Health Risks of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages: A Randomized-controlled Experiment of Different Nutrition Labels on Purchases and Consumption
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05079477
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 844786
- Conditions
- Food Preferences
- Keywords
- food labeling, child, sugar-sweetened beverages, eating, drinking, choice behavior
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 216 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of PennsylvaniaUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
- Study start
- 6 Oct 2021 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 17 Jan 2023 (actual)
- Study completion
- 17 Jan 2023 (actual)
- First posted
- 15 Oct 2021 (actual)
- Results
- Posted 4 Apr 2024
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The aim of this study is to determine the degree to which sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) warning labels increase consumers' knowledge about the potential health harms of SSBs and reduce SSB purchases and consumption. 216 racially and ethnically diverse parents of children 6-11 years old will be recruited to buy snacks and beverages for four weeks via an online store that ships participants their purchases. Participants will be randomized to either 1) calorie labels (control); or 2) sugar graphic warning labels. The investigators hypothesize that sugar graphic warning labels displayed in an online store in weeks 2-4 will lead to the greatest reductions from week 1 across both primary outcomes compared to the control group that will only see calorie labels.
Detailed description
During this study, participants will shop in an online store created using Shopify for four weeks. In this within-participant design, the first week of shopping is baseline. Participants will then be randomized to different store interfaces for the remaining three weeks based on one of two warning label conditions: 1) calorie labels (control); or 2) sugar graphic warning labels. Participants will complete a brief survey at the start of the study to assess demographic information, information about parent and child beverage consumption, and their online shopping experiences. At the end they will complete another survey about their beverage consumption, their experience shopping in the store, whether they noticed and used the warning labels, and their ability to recall the warning label message. Participants will also be asked about their perceptions of a specific type of warning label in this final survey. Upon completion of the survey, participants will be shown a debriefing statement explaining the study purpose. After they read the information, they will be asked whether or not they consent to allow their data to be used in this study.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- This randomized, controlled online study will capture beverage and snack purchases from an online store. These products will be mailed to participants for each of the 4 shopping weeks. Participants' consumption will be measured at the beginning and end of the study. As this is a within-participant study, consumption for each arm will be compared to baseline for that participant (Week 1 shopping).
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Calorie label | Active comparator | Behavioral: Exposure to calorie informationCalorie label (control) will display a calories per package label on all beverages, not just sugary drinks. This is modeled after the American Beverage Association's current "Clear on Calories" labels. Additionally, all snack items will have a calories per serving label. |
| Sugar graphic warning label | Experimental | Behavioral: Exposure to sugar-sweetened beverage warning labels, Behavioral: Exposure to calorie informationAll products in this arm will also have calorie labels. Beverages with added sugar will also have sugar graphic warning labels with the text: "WARNING: drinking beverages with added sugars contributes to obesity, diabetes, and tooth decay" along with graphics depicting the amount of sugar in the beverage. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- a primary caregiver of a child 6-to-11 years old;
- >=18 years old;
- can read and speak English;
- primary grocery shopper for their household;
- have regular Internet access; and
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- not a primary caregiver of a child 6-to-11 years old;
- <18 years old;
- cannot read and/or speak English;
- not the primary grocery shopper for their household;
- does not have regular Internet access; and
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Exposure to sugar-sweetened beverage warning labelsGraphic images of the amount of sugar (randomly assigned teaspoons, packets, or cubes) and text warning labels | Behavioural | Sugar graphic warning label |
| Exposure to calorie informationCalories for all beverages and foods | Behavioural | Calorie label, Sugar graphic warning label |
Primary outcome
Beverage Calories Purchased, Week 1
Time frame: one week
Logged beverage calories/100mL purchased. Number of servings per item and number of items per package varied by product; therefore, calorie amounts were standardized to calories/100mL for beverages.
Beverage Calories Purchased, Weeks 2-4
Time frame: three weeks
Logged average beverage calories/100mL purchased per week over Weeks 2-4. Number of servings per item and number of items per package varied by product; therefore, calorie amounts were standardized to calories/100mL for beverages.
Beverage Added Sugars Purchased, Week 1
Time frame: one week
Beverage grams of added sugars/100mL purchased. Number of servings per item and number of items per package varied by product; therefore, added sugar amounts were standardized to grams of added sugar/100mL for beverages.
Beverage Added Sugars Purchased, Weeks 2-4
Time frame: three weeks
Average beverage grams of added sugars/100mL purchased per week over Weeks 2-4. Number of servings per item and number of items per package varied by product; therefore, added sugar amounts were standardized to grams of added sugar/100mL for beverages.
40 secondary outcomes
Number Purchasing a Sweetened Beverage, Week 1
Time frame: one week
Number Purchasing a Sweetened Beverage, Weeks 2-4
Time frame: three weeks
Snack Calories Purchased, Week 1
Time frame: one week
Snack Calories Purchased, Weeks 2-4
Time frame: three weeks
Snack Added Sugars Purchased, Week 1
Time frame: one week
Snack Added Sugars Purchased, Weeks 2-4
Time frame: three weeks
Total Calories Purchased, Week 1
Time frame: one week
Total Calories Purchased, Weeks 2-4
Time frame: three weeks
Total Added Sugars Purchased, Week 1
Time frame: one week
Total Added Sugars Purchased, Weeks 2-4
Time frame: three weeks
Volume of Sweetened Beverages Consumed by Child, Baseline
Time frame: baseline
Volume of Sweetened Beverages Consumed by Child, Final
Time frame: Week 4
Volume of Sweetened Beverages Consumed by Parent, Baseline
Time frame: baseline
Volume of Sweetened Beverages Consumed by Parent, Final
Time frame: Week 4
Noticing the Label
Time frame: Week 4
Perceived Label Influence
Time frame: Week 4
How Much do You Trust the Information on This Label
Time frame: Week 4
Likelihood of Label Changing Thoughts
Time frame: Week 4
Encourage You to Give Fewer Beverages to Your Child
Time frame: Week 4
Negative Reactions to the Label
Time frame: Week 4
Child Enjoyment of Water
Time frame: Week 4
Child Enjoyment of Orange Juice
Time frame: Week 4
Child Enjoyment of Soda
Time frame: Week 4
Child Enjoyment of Sports Drink
Time frame: Week 4
Likely to Serve or Buy Water
Time frame: Week 4
Likely to Serve or Buy Orange Juice
Time frame: Week 4
Likely to Serve or Buy Soda
Time frame: Week 4
Likely to Serve or Buy Sports Drinks
Time frame: Week 4
Health Beliefs and Risk Perceptions Index for Water
Time frame: Week 4
Health Beliefs and Risk Perceptions Index for Orange Juice
Time frame: Week 4
Health Beliefs and Risk Perceptions Index for Soda
Time frame: Week 4
Health Beliefs and Risk Perceptions Index for Sports Drinks
Time frame: Week 4
Estimate of How Many Teaspoons of Added Sugar Are in Water
Time frame: Week 4
Estimate of How Many Teaspoons of Added Sugar Are in Orange Juice
Time frame: Week 4
Estimate of How Many Teaspoons of Added Sugar Are in Soda
Time frame: Week 4
Estimate of How Many Teaspoons of Added Sugar Are in Sports Drinks
Time frame: Week 4
Perceived Amount of Added Sugar in Water
Time frame: Week 4
Perceived Amount of Added Sugar in Orange Juice
Time frame: Week 4
Perceived Amount of Added Sugar in Soda
Time frame: Week 4
Perceived Amount of Added Sugar in Sports Drinks
Time frame: Week 4
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 4 Apr 2024.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. In the consenting process, participants agreed that de-identified data produced from this project may be distributed for future research studies without additional informed consent. Any de-identified data shared will be done so via PennBox, a secure method to transfer files.
Related trials for Food Preferences
Recruiting
Influence of Social Media Ads on Food Choice - Master Protocol
Food Selection, Food Choices
Recruiting
The Florida ASCENT Study
Cancer, Food Deprivation
Recruiting
Using Single and Combined Nudge Strategies to Promote Healthier Beverage Intake Among College Students
Obesity, Food Selection
Recruiting
Influence of "Likes" in Social Media Food Ads on Black and White Adolescents' Food Purchases - Study 2
Food Selection
RecruitingObservational study
Evolution of Food Oral Processing Behaviours, Food Bolus Formation and Texture Preferences Between 6 to 12 Years Old and Adult Age
Food Oral Processing, Texture Preference
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Christina A Roberto, PhD principal investigator
University of Pennsylvania
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Exposure to sugar-sweetened beverage warning labels and Exposure to calorie information in people with Food Preferences, run by University of Pennsylvania at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 4 Apr 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 4 Apr 2024). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Beverage Calories Purchased, Week 1 (time frame: one week). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 4 Apr 2024.