Vaccination RefusalNCT05182554
COVID-19 Messaging for Vaccination
A study testing Doctor Videos, Sharing Videos and Sharing Videos (Influencers) in people with Vaccination Refusal and COVID-19 Pandemic, run by Massachusetts Institute of Technology at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
This study will distribute videos of health professionals encouraging Covid-19 vaccination to a large sample of Facebook users, and will test the most effective ways to maximize diffusion of this vaccine-related content to increase vaccination rates. The study sample will be U.S. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Vaccination Refusal, COVID-19 Pandemic
- What is being tested?
- Doctor Videos, Sharing Videos and Sharing Videos (Influencers)
- Type of treatment
- Vaccines, Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 6 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 22 Dec 2021to 27 Jan 2022
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Facebook user
- Over 18 years old
- In a geographic area targeted by the study
Who cannot join
- -
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
About this study
Official title: Increasing the Effectiveness and Diffusion of COVID-19 Messaging for Vaccination
This study will distribute videos of health professionals encouraging Covid-19 vaccination to a large sample of Facebook users, and will test the most effective ways to maximize diffusion of this vaccine-related content to increase vaccination rates. The study sample will be U.S. states where vaccination rates remained low in fall 2021. The experimental design is an RCT with 4 groups, randomized at the county level: 1) a control group which receives no intervention, 2) a treatment group in which Facebook users receive ads which include videos of health professionals telling them to get vaccinated, 3) a treatment group in which Facebook users receive ads which include videos of health professionals encouraging them to help their friends to get vaccinated, and 4) a treatment group in which Facebook users receive ads which include videos of health professionals encouraging them to get their most influential friends to help their friends get vaccinated. In treatments 3 and 4, participants will have the option to sign up to be a "vaccine ambassador," in which case they will get notifications when the study team posts new vaccine-related content, and will receive reminders about encouraging their friends to be vaccinated. The vaccine ambassadors will also be entered into a lottery to win prizes. The study team is building a website to host the videos of health professionals which answer common questions about Covid-19 vaccination. The investigators will measure engagement with the vaccine-related content as well as assess effects on vaccination rates at the county level.
Read the detailed description
The study will have three treatment arms and a control group. Each of the treatments will be randomized at the county level and will be initiated through a Facebook ad campaign.
Experimental Sample: The experimental sample includes all states where less than 60% of the total population had received a first dose of Covid-19 vaccine by October 21, 2021. There are 1402 counties in the 19 states satisfying those criteria (Alabama, Alaska, Arkansas, Georgia, Idaho, Iowa, Indiana, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, West Virginia, Wyoming). Excluding the five counties with missing data, there are 1,397 counties in the experiment, of which there are 468 counties in the control group, 310 counties in T1 ("direct" messaging) treatment, 309 counties in T2 ("friends" messaging), and 310 counties in T3 ("gossips" messaging).
The following procedures will be used:
- Treatment Group 1 ("Direct" messaging): The investigators will conduct a Facebook ad campaign to show content about COVID-19 vaccination to a large number of Facebook users. Facebook will allocate ad credits across users in treatment areas. The ads will be displayed twice per week for 3-4 weeks. Like for any Facebook ad, individuals can choose to whether or not to watch the video and can close the ad at any time. If individuals wish, they can also share any of the content with others. The videos shown in the ads will be hosted on our project Facebook page "Doctors for Coronavirus Prevention." As in previous projects by the investigators, a health professional (normally wearing a white coat or scrubs) will read very short scripts directly onto the camera (see eg. https://www.facebook.com/doctors4covidprevention/posts/104965558099200 for an example).
- Treatment Group 2 ("Friends" messaging): For this group, the Facebook ad campaign will recruit individuals to become "vaccine ambassadors" to help spread the word about vaccination to their friends, families and communities. Recruitment ads will be disseminated in a similar manner to the content in T1. Individuals will be able to share the ad with others. Individuals interested in learning more can click through a link in the ad to the vaccine ambassador webpage. Participants can consume or share any of the information on the webpage. Interested individuals can also enroll formally as vaccine ambassadors. They can share their contact information with the study to a) be entered into prize lotteries, b) receive reminders to share content with others, c) be contacted in the future for possible follow-up surveys. They will be asked to give their informed consent at this time and will be screened based on whether they live in a treated county and whether they are 18 years or older.
- Treatment Group 3 ("Gossips" messaging): This treatment looks the same as Treatment Group 2, except the recruitment ads will differ slightly. If the individual clicks through to learn more about vaccine ambassadors, they will also be reminded to share the invitation with people they know who are often the source of important news or information.
- Control: individuals in these counties will receive no intervention and will never be contacted by members of the study team.
Treatment and control status at the county level will be merged with aggregated and de-identified datasets to measure COVID vaccinations, COVID symptoms, and cases, and engagement with the vaccine ambassador content.
The study team will create a series of websites with materials that the vaccine ambassadors can share with friends, family and others in their communities. This same content will be disseminated through sponsored Facebook ads in T1. On the website, the framing of the vaccine-related videos with either a "fact" or "myth" frame will be randomized. The purpose is to study which framing is more effective at engaging users.
- Conditions
- Vaccination Refusal, COVID-19 Pandemic
- Being tested
- Doctor Videos, Sharing Videos, Sharing Videos (Influencers), Vaccine Ambassador, Video framing
- Keywords
- Covid-19 Vaccine, Social Media
- Medical subject headings
- Vaccination Refusal, COVID-19
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Doctor VideosBehavioural
Receive ads on Facebook or through our website with videos in which health professionals tell people to get the Covid-19 vaccine. The health professionals answer common questions about the Covid-19 vaccine, such as how mRNA vaccines work, and what types of side effects to expect.
Sharing VideosBehavioural
Receive ads on Facebook with videos in which health professionals tell people to encourage their unvaccinated friends to get the Covid-19 vaccine.
Sharing Videos (Influencers)Behavioural
Receive ads on Facebook with videos in which health professionals tell people to get their most influential friends to encourage their unvaccinated friends to get the Covid-19 vaccine.
Vaccine AmbassadorBehavioural
Adults in participating geographic areas can sign up to be a "vaccine ambassador" on a website that the study team has built. The study team will send updates to vaccine ambassadors when new content has been posted to the website (e.g. a new video) and/or to remind the vaccine ambassadors to encourage their friends to get vaccinated. The study team will incentivize vaccine ambassadors by entering participating ambassadors into a lottery for a prize.
Video framingBehavioural
The same videos will be displayed using two different frames: a "myth" frame and a "fact" frame. Visitors to the vaccine content website will randomly receive one framing of each video.
Video orderBehavioural
The order in which videos appear on the vaccine content website will be randomized.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Control | No intervention | No intervention in this arm; the study team will examine publicly available county- and zip code-level outcomes in this group. |
| Treatment 1: Direct | Experimental | Facebook users in the area receive ads which include videos of health professionals telling them to get vaccinated. The health professionals answer common questions about Covid-19 vaccines (e.g. are they safe / are they free). Receives: Behavioral: Doctor Videos |
| Treatment 2: Friends | Experimental | Facebook users in the area receive ads which include videos of health professionals encouraging them to help their friends to get vaccinated. There is also a link in the ad to a website build by the study team. This website hosts videos which answer common questions about vaccination (the same videos which are directly served to Facebook users in Treatment 1). Receives: Behavioral: Doctor Videos; Behavioral: Sharing Videos; Behavioral: Vaccine Ambassador; Behavioral: Video framing; Behavioral: Video order |
| Treatment 3: Gossips | Experimental | Facebook users in the area receive ads which include videos of health professionals encouraging them to nominate their most influential friends to help their friends get vaccinated. The difference from Treatment 2 is that the health professionals call on Facebook users to get their most influential friends to do the convincing about the vaccine. There is also a link in the ad to a website built by the study team. This website hosts videos which answer common questions about vaccination (the same videos that are directly served to Facebook users in Treatment 1). Receives: Behavioral: Doctor Videos; Behavioral: Sharing Videos (Influencers); Behavioral: Vaccine Ambassador; Behavioral: Video framing; Behavioral: Video order |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Changes in County-Level Covid-19 Vaccination Measured by Inverse Hyperbolic Sine
County-level Covid-19 vaccination rates were analysed using publicly available data. The number of new vaccinations in each county was transformed using the inverse hyperbolic sine because the underlying vaccination count data were right-skewed and included zeros. Larger numbers are considered better in the context of the study (more people vaccinated).
Measured: During intervention (6 weeks) and after intervention (3 weeks)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted10 Jan 2022
- Study start22 Dec 2021
- Primary completion27 Jan 2022
- Study completion27 Jan 2022
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Other trials for Vaccination RefusalStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- There are four arms in the study which geographic areas are assigned to in parallel. The geographic areas in the three treatment arms will receive a Facebook ad campaign over the same time period to one another.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 6 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Facebook, Inc., Code3, Stanford University, Harvard University, Yale University, Johns Hopkins University, Massachusetts General Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians - University of Munich, National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Esther Duflo, PhD, Principal investigator, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyBen Olken, PhD, Principal investigator, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyAbhijit Banerjee, PhD, Principal investigator, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyMarcella Alsan, MD, PhD, Principal investigator, Harvard Kennedy SchoolArun Chandrasekhar, PhD, Principal investigator, Stanford UniversityEmily Breza, PhD, Principal investigator, Harvard UniversityPaul Goldsmith-Pinkham, PhD, Principal investigator, Yale UniversityEmily Hoppe, PhD Student, Principal investigator, Johns Hopkins School of Nursing
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05182554
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2106000397
- Status last verified
- Aug 2023
- First submitted
- 21 Oct 2021
- Last updated
- 25 Aug 2023
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: The investigators do not plan to share any individual participant data. The only individual participant data that the study will collect will be contact information through the "vaccine ambassador" program. "Vaccine ambassadors" are adults living in geographic areas assigned to Treatment 2 or Treatment 3 who have signed up on the study website to receive updates and reminders about vaccination-related content. However, the study team does not plan on collecting any information about the behavior of vaccine ambassadors, and so do not plan to share any of their data (which will just consisting of contact information) with other researchers.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 25 Aug 2023. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Increasing the Effectiveness and Diffusion of COVID-19 Messaging for Vaccination
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05182554
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2106000397
- Conditions
- Vaccination Refusal, COVID-19 Pandemic
- Keywords
- Covid-19 Vaccine, Social Media
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 6 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Facebook, Inc., Code3, Stanford University, Harvard University, Yale University, Johns Hopkins University, Massachusetts General Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians - University of Munich, National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Study start
- 22 Dec 2021 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 27 Jan 2022 (actual)
- Study completion
- 27 Jan 2022 (actual)
- First posted
- 10 Jan 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Posted 25 Aug 2023
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study will distribute videos of health professionals encouraging Covid-19 vaccination to a large sample of Facebook users, and will test the most effective ways to maximize diffusion of this vaccine-related content to increase vaccination rates. The study sample will be U.S. states where vaccination rates remained low in fall 2021. The experimental design is an RCT with 4 groups, randomized at the county level: 1) a control group which receives no intervention, 2) a treatment group in which Facebook users receive ads which include videos of health professionals telling them to get vaccinated, 3) a treatment group in which Facebook users receive ads which include videos of health professionals encouraging them to help their friends to get vaccinated, and 4) a treatment group in which Facebook users receive ads which include videos of health professionals encouraging them to get their most influential friends to help their friends get vaccinated. In treatments 3 and 4, participants will have the option to sign up to be a "vaccine ambassador," in which case they will get notifications when the study team posts new vaccine-related content, and will receive reminders about encouraging their friends to be vaccinated. The vaccine ambassadors will also be entered into a lottery to win prizes. The study team is building a website to host the videos of health professionals which answer common questions about Covid-19 vaccination. The investigators will measure engagement with the vaccine-related content as well as assess effects on vaccination rates at the county level.
Detailed description
The study will have three treatment arms and a control group. Each of the treatments will be randomized at the county level and will be initiated through a Facebook ad campaign.
Experimental Sample: The experimental sample includes all states where less than 60% of the total population had received a first dose of Covid-19 vaccine by October 21, 2021. There are 1402 counties in the 19 states satisfying those criteria (Alabama, Alaska, Arkansas, Georgia, Idaho, Iowa, Indiana, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, West Virginia, Wyoming). Excluding the five counties with missing data, there are 1,397 counties in the experiment, of which there are 468 counties in the control group, 310 counties in T1 ("direct" messaging) treatment, 309 counties in T2 ("friends" messaging), and 310 counties in T3 ("gossips" messaging).
The following procedures will be used:
- Treatment Group 1 ("Direct" messaging): The investigators will conduct a Facebook ad campaign to show content about COVID-19 vaccination to a large number of Facebook users. Facebook will allocate ad credits across users in treatment areas. The ads will be displayed twice per week for 3-4 weeks. Like for any Facebook ad, individuals can choose to whether or not to watch the video and can close the ad at any time. If individuals wish, they can also share any of the content with others. The videos shown in the ads will be hosted on our project Facebook page "Doctors for Coronavirus Prevention." As in previous projects by the investigators, a health professional (normally wearing a white coat or scrubs) will read very short scripts directly onto the camera (see eg. https://www.facebook.com/doctors4covidprevention/posts/104965558099200 for an example).
- Treatment Group 2 ("Friends" messaging): For this group, the Facebook ad campaign will recruit individuals to become "vaccine ambassadors" to help spread the word about vaccination to their friends, families and communities. Recruitment ads will be disseminated in a similar manner to the content in T1. Individuals will be able to share the ad with others. Individuals interested in learning more can click through a link in the ad to the vaccine ambassador webpage. Participants can consume or share any of the information on the webpage. Interested individuals can also enroll formally as vaccine ambassadors. They can share their contact information with the study to a) be entered into prize lotteries, b) receive reminders to share content with others, c) be contacted in the future for possible follow-up surveys. They will be asked to give their informed consent at this time and will be screened based on whether they live in a treated county and whether they are 18 years or older.
- Treatment Group 3 ("Gossips" messaging): This treatment looks the same as Treatment Group 2, except the recruitment ads will differ slightly. If the individual clicks through to learn more about vaccine ambassadors, they will also be reminded to share the invitation with people they know who are often the source of important news or information.
- Control: individuals in these counties will receive no intervention and will never be contacted by members of the study team.
Treatment and control status at the county level will be merged with aggregated and de-identified datasets to measure COVID vaccinations, COVID symptoms, and cases, and engagement with the vaccine ambassador content.
The study team will create a series of websites with materials that the vaccine ambassadors can share with friends, family and others in their communities. This same content will be disseminated through sponsored Facebook ads in T1. On the website, the framing of the vaccine-related videos with either a "fact" or "myth" frame will be randomized. The purpose is to study which framing is more effective at engaging users.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 4
- Model description
- There are four arms in the study which geographic areas are assigned to in parallel. The geographic areas in the three treatment arms will receive a Facebook ad campaign over the same time period to one another.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Control | No intervention | –No intervention in this arm; the study team will examine publicly available county- and zip code-level outcomes in this group. |
| Treatment 1: Direct | Experimental | Behavioral: Doctor VideosFacebook users in the area receive ads which include videos of health professionals telling them to get vaccinated. The health professionals answer common questions about Covid-19 vaccines (e.g. are they safe / are they free). |
| Treatment 2: Friends | Experimental | Behavioral: Doctor Videos, Behavioral: Sharing Videos, Behavioral: Vaccine Ambassador, Behavioral: Video framing, Behavioral: Video orderFacebook users in the area receive ads which include videos of health professionals encouraging them to help their friends to get vaccinated. There is also a link in the ad to a website build by the study team. This website hosts videos which answer common questions about vaccination (the same videos which are directly served to Facebook users in Treatment 1). |
| Treatment 3: Gossips | Experimental | Behavioral: Doctor Videos, Behavioral: Sharing Videos (Influencers), Behavioral: Vaccine Ambassador, Behavioral: Video framing, Behavioral: Video orderFacebook users in the area receive ads which include videos of health professionals encouraging them to nominate their most influential friends to help their friends get vaccinated. The difference from Treatment 2 is that the health professionals call on Facebook users to get their most influential friends to do the convincing about the vaccine. There is also a link in the ad to a website built by the study team. This website hosts videos which answer common questions about vaccination (the same videos that are directly served to Facebook users in Treatment 1). |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Facebook user
- Over 18 years old
- In a geographic area targeted by the study
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- -
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Doctor VideosReceive ads on Facebook or through our website with videos in which health professionals tell people to get the Covid-19 vaccine. The health professionals answer common questions about the Covid-19 vaccine, such as how mRNA vaccines work, and what types of side effects to expect. | Behavioural | Treatment 1: Direct, Treatment 2: Friends, Treatment 3: Gossips |
| Sharing VideosReceive ads on Facebook with videos in which health professionals tell people to encourage their unvaccinated friends to get the Covid-19 vaccine. | Behavioural | Treatment 2: Friends |
| Sharing Videos (Influencers)Receive ads on Facebook with videos in which health professionals tell people to get their most influential friends to encourage their unvaccinated friends to get the Covid-19 vaccine. | Behavioural | Treatment 3: Gossips |
| Vaccine AmbassadorAdults in participating geographic areas can sign up to be a "vaccine ambassador" on a website that the study team has built. The study team will send updates to vaccine ambassadors when new content has been posted to the website (e.g. a new video) and/or to remind the vaccine ambassadors to encourage their friends to get vaccinated. The study team will incentivize vaccine ambassadors by entering participating ambassadors into a lottery for a prize. | Behavioural | Treatment 2: Friends, Treatment 3: Gossips |
| Video framingThe same videos will be displayed using two different frames: a "myth" frame and a "fact" frame. Visitors to the vaccine content website will randomly receive one framing of each video. | Behavioural | Treatment 2: Friends, Treatment 3: Gossips |
| Video orderThe order in which videos appear on the vaccine content website will be randomized. | Behavioural | Treatment 2: Friends, Treatment 3: Gossips |
Primary outcome
Changes in County-Level Covid-19 Vaccination Measured by Inverse Hyperbolic Sine
Time frame: During intervention (6 weeks) and after intervention (3 weeks)
County-level Covid-19 vaccination rates were analysed using publicly available data. The number of new vaccinations in each county was transformed using the inverse hyperbolic sine because the underlying vaccination count data were right-skewed and included zeros. Larger numbers are considered better in the context of the study (more people vaccinated).
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 25 Aug 2023.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. The investigators do not plan to share any individual participant data. The only individual participant data that the study will collect will be contact information through the "vaccine ambassador" program. "Vaccine ambassadors" are adults living in geographic areas assigned to Treatment 2 or Treatment 3 who have signed up on the study website to receive updates and reminders about vaccination-related content. However, the study team does not plan on collecting any information about the behavior of vaccine ambassadors, and so do not plan to share any of their data (which will just consisting of contact information) with other researchers.
Related trials for Vaccination Refusal
Not yet recruiting
Conversational AI for Adult Flu Vaccination Decisions
Influenza, Human, Vaccine Hesitancy
Recruiting
Intrahospital Influenza Vaccination in Patients at High Cardiovascular Risk (VACC-UP)
Acute Coronary Syndrome, Heart Failure
Not yet recruiting
Development and Evaluation of a Digital Educational Intervention to Improve Vaccine Confidence and Communication Among Registered Nurses: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (VaxNurse-RCT).
Vaccine Hesitancy, Vaccine Acceptance
Active, not recruiting
Communication Strategies to Increase HPV Vaccinations
Papilloma Viral Infection, Vaccine Hesitancy
Not yet recruiting
Parents' Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Vaccinating Their Children
Vaccine Hesitancy
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Esther Duflo, PhD principal investigator
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Ben Olken, PhD principal investigator
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Abhijit Banerjee, PhD principal investigator
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Doctor Videos, Sharing Videos and Sharing Videos (Influencers) in people with Vaccination Refusal and COVID-19 Pandemic, run by Massachusetts Institute of Technology at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 25 Aug 2023. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 25 Aug 2023). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Changes in County-Level Covid-19 Vaccination Measured by Inverse Hyperbolic Sine (time frame: During intervention (6 weeks) and after intervention (3 weeks)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 25 Aug 2023.