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Vaccination HesitancyNCT05424952

The Effectiveness of Conversational AI Service (Chatbot) Utilization on Vaccine Confidence

A study testing Conversational AI Service (Chatbot) in people with Vaccination Hesitancy, run by The University of Hong Kong at 3 sites in 3 countries.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

The primary objective of this study is to develop and evaluate a conversational AI service (chatbot) on social media platforms to obtain accurate and up-to-date vaccine information, and assess the impact of chatbot usage on users' vaccine confidence and acceptance in Hong Kong, Singapore, and Thailand. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
Conditions the study is for
Vaccination Hesitancy
What is being tested?
Conversational AI Service (Chatbot)
Type of treatment
Vaccines
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
1,000 participants
Where
3 sitesin 3 countries
Study dates
11 Feb 2022to 17 Feb 2023
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 years and older
  • All sexes
  • Healthy volunteers accepted
  • Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • Hong Kong adult residents (English or Chinese users) with (a) unvaccinated senior parents/grandparents aged 60 (including those who received first dose after the announcement of the COVID passport on 4th of January) or (b) unvaccinated children aged below 18.
  • Thailand adult residents (Thai users) with (a) unvaccinated senior parents/grandparents aged 60 or above or (b) unvaccinated children aged below 18.
  • Singapore adult residents (English or Chinese users) with unvaccinated children aged between 5 to 11 years old.

Who cannot join

  • People who do not meet the inclusion criteria.

Trial locations and contacts

3 sites in 3 countries.

3 sites in 3 countries

Hong Kong1 site

  • The University of Hong Kong

    Hong Kong

Other trials in Hong Kong

Singapore1 site

  • National University of Singapore

    Singapore

Other trials in Singapore

Thailand1 site

  • Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program

    Bangkok

Other trials in Thailand

About this study

The primary objective of this study is to develop and evaluate a conversational AI service (chatbot) on social media platforms to obtain accurate and up-to-date vaccine information, and assess the impact of chatbot usage on users' vaccine confidence and acceptance in Hong Kong, Singapore, and Thailand.

Read the detailed description

The investigators will focus on vulnerable seniors and/or children from Hong Kong, Singapore and Thailand who have refused or delayed COVID-19 vaccination. Participants will be recruited by an online panel to meet the target quota by age and sex. Participants will then be randomly assigned to the intervention group and the control group. For both intervention and control groups, evaluation questionnaires will be given out to the study participants asking questions about their demographics, including age, sex, educational level, employment status and household income levels. Participants will then answer questions regarding COVID-19 vaccine confidence, including the effectiveness and safety of vaccines, and the motivations of the policymakers who decided on the needed vaccines. Participants will be asked about COVID-19 vaccine acceptance including the intention to receive COVID-19 vaccines, make plans to receive COVID-19 vaccines, and receive at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccines. The intervention group will then be asked to use the chatbot developed by the research team for up to two weeks. The chatbot is developed under the RE-AIM framework for formative, impact, and process evaluation of the intervention. The control group will have no exposure to the chatbot.

The chatbot will be supported with data from 1) social listening analytics for monitoring local real-time discourses in the digital space on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and misinformation, and 2) formative, baseline, and endpoint evaluation, which will generate evidence for development and improvement/refinement.

Being tested
Conversational AI Service (Chatbot)
Medical subject headings
Vaccination Hesitancy

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • Conversational AI Service (Chatbot)Other

    WhatsApp or Messenger Chatbot for COVID-19 vaccines

Study groups in NCT05424952
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
ControlNo interventionEligible adults with unvaccinated senior parents/grandparents or children.
InterventionExperimentalEligible adults with unvaccinated senior parents/grandparents or children.
Receives: Other: Conversational AI Service (Chatbot)

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Covid-19 vaccines confidence Index

    1. "Overall, I think COVID-19 vaccines are important for children/senior parents (or grandparents)"
    2. "Overall, I think COVID-19 vaccines are safe for children/parents (or grandparents)"
    3. "Overall, I think COVID-19 vaccines are effective for children/parents (or grandparents)"

    The response is a 5-point Likert scale: (a) Strongly agree (b)Tend to agree (c) Do not know (d) Tend to disagree (e) Strongly disagree

    Measured: 1 week

  2. Covid-19 vaccines acceptance

    1. What is the vaccination status of your children/senior parents (or grandparents) as of now?
    2. Is vaccinated with at least the first dose of the vaccine
    3. Has made an appointment but has not been vaccinated with the first dose yet
    4. Has not made an appointment but will get the vaccine.
    5. Has no plan to get vaccinated anytime soon.
    6. Do you want your children/senior parents (or grandparents) vaccinated against COVID-19 if vaccination is indicated and available for them?
    7. Yes, definitely.
    8. Unsure, but leaning towards yes.
    9. Unsure, but leaning towards no.
    10. No, definitely not.

    Measured: 1 week

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted21 Jun 2022
  2. Study start11 Feb 2022
  3. Primary completion17 Feb 2023
  4. Study completion17 Feb 2023

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Health services research
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Masking
Double blind
Who is masked
Participant, Investigator
Enrolment
1,000 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT05424952
Sponsor's protocol ID
UW 21-659
Status last verified
Dec 2024
First submitted
21 Dec 2021
Last updated
6 Dec 2024
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
Yes: Individual participant data that underlie the results reported in the article, after de-identification (text, tables, figures, and appendices), will be shared. A written data-sharing request for meta-analysis should be submitted by email with a methodologically sound proposal. Proposals should be directed to kathysleung@connect.hku.hk; to gain access, data requestors will need to sign a data access agreement.

Publications

  • Glasgow RE, Vogt TM, Boles SM. Evaluating the public health impact of health promotion interventions: the RE-AIM framework. Am J Public Health. 1999 Sep;89(9):1322-7. doi: 10.2105/ajph.89.9.1322.

    PubMed 10474547

  • Gaglio B, Shoup JA, Glasgow RE. The RE-AIM framework: a systematic review of use over time. Am J Public Health. 2013 Jun;103(6):e38-46. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301299. Epub 2013 Apr 18.

    PubMed 23597377

  • Kobayashi T, Nishina Y, Tomoi H, et al. Corowa-kun: Impact of a COVID-19 vaccine information chatbot on vaccine hesitancy, Japan 2021. medRxiv 2021: 2021.05.26.21257854.

  • de Figueiredo A, Simas C, Karafillakis E, Paterson P, Larson HJ. Mapping global trends in vaccine confidence and investigating barriers to vaccine uptake: a large-scale retrospective temporal modelling study. Lancet. 2020 Sep 26;396(10255):898-908. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31558-0. Epub 2020 Sep 10.

    PubMed 32919524

  • Larson HJ, Smith DM, Paterson P, Cumming M, Eckersberger E, Freifeld CC, Ghinai I, Jarrett C, Paushter L, Brownstein JS, Madoff LC. Measuring vaccine confidence: analysis of data obtained by a media surveillance system used to analyse public concerns about vaccines. Lancet Infect Dis. 2013 Jul;13(7):606-613. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70108-7. Epub 2013 May 13.

    PubMed 23676442

  • Wang Q, Yang L, Jin H, Lin L. Vaccination against COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of acceptability and its predictors. Prev Med. 2021 Sep;150:106694. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106694. Epub 2021 Jun 22.

    PubMed 34171345

  • Zhang J, Featherstone JD, Calabrese C, Wojcieszak M. Effects of fact-checking social media vaccine misinformation on attitudes toward vaccines. Prev Med. 2021 Apr;145:106408. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106408. Epub 2021 Jan 1.

    PubMed 33388335

  • Altay S, Hacquin AS, Chevallier C, Mercier H. Information delivered by a chatbot has a positive impact on COVID-19 vaccines attitudes and intentions. J Exp Psychol Appl. 2023 Mar;29(1):52-62. doi: 10.1037/xap0000400. Epub 2021 Oct 28.

    PubMed 34726454

  • Thomala LL. Penetration rate of leading social networks in Hong Kong as of 3rd quarter 2020 (Link: https://www.statista.com/statistics/412500/hk-social-network-penetration/, last accessed on August 1, 2021). Statista; 2020.

  • Kemp S. Digital 2021: Hong Kong (Link: https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2021-hong-kong, last accessed on August 1, 2021). Data Reportal; 2021.

  • Müller J. Social network penetration in Singapore Q3 2020 (Link: https://www.statista.com/statistics/284466/singapore-social-network-penetration/, last accessed on August 1, 2021). Statista; 2020.

  • Huang C. Hong Kong faces uphill task to vaccinate its seniors against Covid-19 (Link: https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/hong-kongs-uphill-push-to-vaccinate-its-seniors-against-covid-19, last accessed on August 1, 2021). The Straits Times. 2021.

  • Steve. Lexicon. The LINE Phenomenon in Thailand - By the Numbers (Link: https://lexiconthai.com/blog/the-line-phenomenon-in-thailand-by-the-numbers/, last accessed on August 1, 2021), 2020.

  • Agency T. Line in Thailand Internet Population (Link: https://www.twfdigital.com/blog/2020/04/line-user- stat-in-thailand-2020/, last accessed on August 1, 2021), 2020.

  • Get bad news (Link: https://www.getbadnews.com/#intro, last accessed on August 1, 2021). 2021.

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing Conversational AI Service (Chatbot) in people with Vaccination Hesitancy, run by The University of Hong Kong at 3 sites in 3 countries.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 6 Dec 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 3 sites in Hong Kong, Singapore, Thailand. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Covid-19 vaccines confidence Index (time frame: 1 week). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05424952, which also lists 18 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 6 Dec 2024.

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