MindfulnessNCT05612295
Mindfulness-Based Peak Performance, Endurance Performance Under Pressure, Performance-relevant Mental Attributes
A study testing MBPP and Self-talk in people with Mindfulness and Sport Performance, run by National Taiwan Normal University at 1 site in Taiwan.
Trial summary
The primary aim of this study is to conduct a well-designed trial to investigate the effect of an MBI program entitled Mindfulness-based Peak Performance (MBPP) on endurance performance under pressure from an interdisciplinary approach of sport psychology, sports training, and cognitive neuroscience. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 30 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Mindfulness, Sport Performance, Neurocognitive Function
- What is being tested?
- MBPP and Self-talk
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 97 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTaiwan
- Study dates
- 5 Sep 2023to 31 Dec 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 30 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Aged between 18 and 30 years
- Normal or corrected-to-normal 20/20 vision
- No red-green color blindness
- Able to speak and read Chinese
- Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) score = 0
- With one of the designated sport proficiencies (i.e., middle-long running, marathon, triathlon)
- No previous major experience in mindfulness-related training (e.g., meditation or Tai Chi)
- Provide informed consent
Who cannot join
- Diagnosed or self-reported cognitive problems
- The diagnosed or self-reported physical disease (e.g., untreated hypertension and chronic heart disease, stroke, brain tumor, musculoskeletal disorders, other exercise contradictions)
- Diagnosed or self-reported major psychiatric illness (e.g., major depression, schizophrenia)
- History of alcohol or drug abuse
- Unwillingness to be randomized to one of the three groups
- Currently participating in another study trial
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Taiwan1 site
Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University
Taipei, 106308
About this study
Official title: Effect of Mindfulness-Based Intervention on Endurance Performance Under Pressure and Performance-Relevant Mental Attributes an Interdisciplinary Perspective
The primary aim of this study is to conduct a well-designed trial to investigate the effect of an MBI program entitled Mindfulness-based Peak Performance (MBPP) on endurance performance under pressure from an interdisciplinary approach of sport psychology, sports training, and cognitive neuroscience. The secondary aim is to examine the effect of MBPP program on performance-relevant mental attributes in behavioral and neurocognitive assessments.
The present study hypothesizes that the MBPP and self-talk groups will improve performance under pressure, but MBPP is expected to show greater improvement than ST. Additionally, we expect the MBPP will improve the relevant mental attributes.
Read the detailed description
Considering that increased competition levels are typically accompanied by elevated stress and anxiety, athletes' ability to cope with stress has gained even more importance in recent years. Growing evidence has demonstrated the effectiveness of mindfulness in reducing stress and enhancing athletic performance; however, its effectiveness remains a matter of debate and limitations due to absence of more rigorous designs, ecological validity, and randomized controlled trials.
Accordingly, the current trial, entitled Mindfulness-based Peak Performance (MBPP), will take an interdisciplinary approach (e.g., sport psychology, sports training, and cognitive neuroscience), to more definitively examine whether a tailored mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) affects athletic performance under pressure and relevant mental attributes.
Specifically, this study is an 8-week, three-arm, randomized controlled trial (RCT), and eligible participants will be randomly assigned into (1) an MBPP group (MBPP), (2) a self-talk group (ST), and (3) a wait-list control group (WC). The primary outcomes (e.g., endurance performance under pressure, performance-relevant mental attributes) and secondary outcomes (e.g., dispositional mindfulness, sports psychological skills) will be assessed before and after intervention.
The MBPP and ST are expected that will improve performance under pressure, but MBPP might show greater improvement than ST. Additionally, MBPP is expected that will improve performance-relevant mental attributes. The results from this trial might provide rigorous evidence and insight into MBI application in the sports context.
- Conditions
- Mindfulness, Sport Performance, Neurocognitive Function, Stress
- Being tested
- MBPP, Self-talk
- Keywords
- mindfulness intervention, sport performance under pressure, Neurocognitive function
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
MBPPBehavioural
Also called Mindfulness-based intervention
MBPP program consist of three fundamental principles (i.e., attention monitoring, acceptance, sport-specific rationale) and six performance-related core mental attributes including three behavioral and three neurocognitive components.
Each session will start with a brief homework discussion and recap of the preceding session, and instructors will deliver a topic-related brief story or group activity to participants, followed by a theoretical introduction and practice of mindfulness. Finally, at the end of each session, instructors will guide participant to discuss mindfulness applications related to specific sports performances. At the end of the session, participants will be assigned homework to increase the effectiveness of MBPP, and participants will be encouraged to practice daily for at least 10-15 min between the sessions.
Self-talkBehavioural
self-talk sessions include: Session 1 \& 2. The concepts, types, and the importance of self-talk will be introduced; Session 3. Researchers, coaches and the athletes will work together to design syntactically recognizable, concise, and clear sport-specific instructional scripts for specific sports performance (e.g., running); Session 4. practice of sport-specific instructional self-talk; Session 5. researchers, coaches and the athletes will work together to design syntactically recognizable, concise, and clear sport-specific motivational self-talk scripts for specific sports performances; Session 6. practice of sport-specific motivational self-talk; and Session 7 \& 8. general practice for learned self-talk techniques.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| MBPP group | Experimental | The Mindfulness-based Peak Performance (MBPP) program consists of eight 60-min training sessions, once weekly for 8 weeks, which aim to enhance human performance. Receives: Behavioral: MBPP |
| Self-talk group | Active comparator | The self-talk intervention serving as the active control group will be included in the current trial. In line with the MBPP intervention, the self-talk intervention is also designed to enhance athletic performance, and will consist of eight 60-min meaningful sessions, once per week for eight weeks. Receives: Behavioral: Self-talk |
| Waiting-list control | No intervention | The participants in waiting-list control group are advised to maintain their everyday lifestyles and regular training. Once the participants in WC finish the experiment, they will be invited to participate in one of the 8-week interventions (i.e., MBPP or ST) based upon their preference. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Endurance performance: Change in time to exhaustion
Time to exhaustion (TTE) will be one of the measured variables of endurance performance and be evaluated via a graded exercise test (GXT) on a motor-driven treadmill.
Measured: 30 minutes each at the Baseline-Assessment and at the Post-Assessment
Endurance performance: Change in maximum oxygen consumption
Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) will be one of the measured variables of endurance performance and be evaluated via a computerized indirect calorimetry system throughout the whole graded exercise test (GXT) on a motor-driven treadmill.
Measured: 30 minutes each at the Baseline-Assessment and at the Post-Assessment
Endocrine stress responses
Before and after pressure manipulation, and after endurance performance measure, stress responses of endocrine assessments will be assessed. Specifically, salivary cortisol (sCort) and salivary alpha-amylases (sAA) will be collected using the commercially available sampling devices.
Measured: 1 minutes for each sampling
Subjective stress responses
The participants' subjective perception of stress will be assessed via the Chinese version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (C-STAI) (Wang and Chung, 2016) modified from the original version of STAI (Spielberger et al., 1971). The state subscale of the STAI will be the index of state anxiety influenced by pressure manipulation.
Measured: 5 minutes for each assessment
Change in emotion regulation
The Chinese version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (C-DERS) modified from DERS (Gratz and Roemer, 2004) will be used to assess emotional regulation. C-DERS is a 36-item self-reported questionnaire to measure the six facets of emotional regulation (i.e., awareness, clarity, impulse, goal, non-acceptance, and strategies). Items are rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 (almost never) to 5 (almost always).
Measured: 10 minutes each at the Baseline-Assessment and at the Post-Assessment
Engagement
Participants' engagement will be an adherence score calculated by addition of the Z scores for overall participant attendance of MBPP/ST sessions and a Z score for overall participant minutes spent on home practice, then divided by the total Z scores. Researchers will record the attendance of each participant in MBPP or ST programs.
Measured: 5 minutes at the Post-Assessment
Executive function: Change in reaction time
The executive function in terms of reaction time will be assessed by the computerized Stroop Test. The types of trials are the three Chinese color words printed in one of the three types of color. Based on the combination of words and the pixels of the color, there are three types of trials: (1) congruent trials: the stimuli in which the color of the word corresponds to the semantic meaning of the word; (2) incongruent trials: the stimuli in which the paint color of the word is inconsistent with the semantic meaning of the word; and (3) neutral trials: the colored squared.
Measured: 30 minutes each at the Baseline-Assessment and at the Post-Assessment
Executive function: Change in accuracy
The executive function in terms of accuracy will also be assessed by the computerized Stroop Test. The types of trials are the three Chinese color words printed in one of the three types of color. Based on the combination of words and the pixels of the color, there are three types of trials: (1) congruent trials: the stimuli in which the color of the word corresponds to the semantic meaning of the word; (2) incongruent trials: the stimuli in which the paint color of the word is inconsistent with the semantic meaning of the word; and (3) neutral trials: the colored squared.
Measured: 30 minutes each at the Baseline-Assessment and at the Post-Assessment
Change in attention
The attention will be measured by event-related potential while Stroop Test.
Measured: 30 minutes each at the Baseline-Assessment and at the Post-Assessment
Change in brain resting state
The frequency domain of electroencephalography (EEG) will also be recorded during the resting state at baseline and post-intervention.
Measured: 8 minutes each at the Baseline-Assessment and at the Post-Assessment
Secondary outcomes (3)
General dispositional mindfulness
The general dispositional mindfulness will be assessed by Chinese version of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (C-MAAS)(Chang et al., 2011), which is modified from the original Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS; Brown \& Ryan, 2003). Higher scores reflect higher levels of general dispositional mindfulness.
Measured: 5 minutes each at the Baseline-Assessment and at the Post-Assessment
Athletic dispositional mindfulness
Athletic mindfulness will be measured by the Athlete Mindfulness Questionnaire (AMQ; Zhang et al., 2017). Higher scores reflect higher levels of athletic dispositional mindfulness.
Measured: 5 minutes each at the Baseline-Assessment and at the Post-Assessment
Athletic psychological skills
Athletic psychological skill levels will be assessed using the Athletic Psychological Skill Inventory (APSI) (Chiou and Chi, 2001), which is a modified Chinese version of Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28 (ACSI-28; Smith et al., 1995).
Measured: 5 minutes each at the Baseline-Assessment and at the Post-Assessment
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted10 Nov 2022
- Study start5 Sep 2023
- Primary completion31 Dec 2024
- Study completion31 Dec 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for MindfulnessStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 97 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- National Taiwan Normal University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Yu-Kai Chang, Ph.D., Study director, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05612295
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- PACNL_MBPP_Stress
- Status last verified
- Mar 2026
- First submitted
- 1 Nov 2022
- Last updated
- 17 Mar 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Data are available upon request.
Publications
Chang YK, Gill DL, Creswell JD, Chen DT, Lin CY, Chu CH, Nien JT. Effect of mindfulness-based intervention on endurance performance under pressure and performance-relevant mental attributes, an interdisciplinary perspective: Protocol for a Mindfulness-Based Peak Performance (MBPP) trial. Contemp Clin Trials. 2023 Jun;129:107175. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2023.107175. Epub 2023 Apr 5.
PubMed 37028503
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 17 Mar 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effect of Mindfulness-Based Intervention on Endurance Performance Under Pressure and Performance-Relevant Mental Attributes an Interdisciplinary Perspective
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05612295
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- PACNL_MBPP_Stress
- Conditions
- Mindfulness, Sport Performance, Neurocognitive Function, Stress
- Keywords
- mindfulness intervention, sport performance under pressure, Neurocognitive function
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 97 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- National Taiwan Normal UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 5 Sep 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Dec 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 31 Dec 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 10 Nov 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The primary aim of this study is to conduct a well-designed trial to investigate the effect of an MBI program entitled Mindfulness-based Peak Performance (MBPP) on endurance performance under pressure from an interdisciplinary approach of sport psychology, sports training, and cognitive neuroscience. The secondary aim is to examine the effect of MBPP program on performance-relevant mental attributes in behavioral and neurocognitive assessments.
The present study hypothesizes that the MBPP and self-talk groups will improve performance under pressure, but MBPP is expected to show greater improvement than ST. Additionally, we expect the MBPP will improve the relevant mental attributes.
Detailed description
Considering that increased competition levels are typically accompanied by elevated stress and anxiety, athletes' ability to cope with stress has gained even more importance in recent years. Growing evidence has demonstrated the effectiveness of mindfulness in reducing stress and enhancing athletic performance; however, its effectiveness remains a matter of debate and limitations due to absence of more rigorous designs, ecological validity, and randomized controlled trials.
Accordingly, the current trial, entitled Mindfulness-based Peak Performance (MBPP), will take an interdisciplinary approach (e.g., sport psychology, sports training, and cognitive neuroscience), to more definitively examine whether a tailored mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) affects athletic performance under pressure and relevant mental attributes.
Specifically, this study is an 8-week, three-arm, randomized controlled trial (RCT), and eligible participants will be randomly assigned into (1) an MBPP group (MBPP), (2) a self-talk group (ST), and (3) a wait-list control group (WC). The primary outcomes (e.g., endurance performance under pressure, performance-relevant mental attributes) and secondary outcomes (e.g., dispositional mindfulness, sports psychological skills) will be assessed before and after intervention.
The MBPP and ST are expected that will improve performance under pressure, but MBPP might show greater improvement than ST. Additionally, MBPP is expected that will improve performance-relevant mental attributes. The results from this trial might provide rigorous evidence and insight into MBI application in the sports context.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| MBPP group | Experimental | Behavioral: MBPPThe Mindfulness-based Peak Performance (MBPP) program consists of eight 60-min training sessions, once weekly for 8 weeks, which aim to enhance human performance. |
| Self-talk group | Active comparator | Behavioral: Self-talkThe self-talk intervention serving as the active control group will be included in the current trial. In line with the MBPP intervention, the self-talk intervention is also designed to enhance athletic performance, and will consist of eight 60-min meaningful sessions, once per week for eight weeks. |
| Waiting-list control | No intervention | –The participants in waiting-list control group are advised to maintain their everyday lifestyles and regular training. Once the participants in WC finish the experiment, they will be invited to participate in one of the 8-week interventions (i.e., MBPP or ST) based upon their preference. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 30 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (8 listed)
- Aged between 18 and 30 years
- Normal or corrected-to-normal 20/20 vision
- No red-green color blindness
- Able to speak and read Chinese
- Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) score = 0
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Diagnosed or self-reported cognitive problems
- The diagnosed or self-reported physical disease (e.g., untreated hypertension and chronic heart disease, stroke, brain tumor, musculoskeletal disorders, other exercise contradictions)
- Diagnosed or self-reported major psychiatric illness (e.g., major depression, schizophrenia)
- History of alcohol or drug abuse
- Unwillingness to be randomized to one of the three groups
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| MBPPAlso: Mindfulness-based interventionMBPP program consist of three fundamental principles (i.e., attention monitoring, acceptance, sport-specific rationale) and six performance-related core mental attributes including three behavioral and three neurocognitive components. Each session will start with a brief homework discussion and recap of the preceding session, and instructors will deliver a topic-related brief story or group activity to participants, followed by a theoretical introduction and practice of mindfulness. Finally, at the end of each session, instructors will guide participant to discuss mindfulness applications related to specific sports performances. At the end of the session, participants will be assigned homework to increase the effectiveness of MBPP, and participants will be encouraged to practice daily for at least 10-15 min between the sessions. | Behavioural | MBPP group |
| Self-talkself-talk sessions include: Session 1 \& 2. The concepts, types, and the importance of self-talk will be introduced; Session 3. Researchers, coaches and the athletes will work together to design syntactically recognizable, concise, and clear sport-specific instructional scripts for specific sports performance (e.g., running); Session 4. practice of sport-specific instructional self-talk; Session 5. researchers, coaches and the athletes will work together to design syntactically recognizable, concise, and clear sport-specific motivational self-talk scripts for specific sports performances; Session 6. practice of sport-specific motivational self-talk; and Session 7 \& 8. general practice for learned self-talk techniques. | Behavioural | Self-talk group |
Primary outcome
Endurance performance: Change in time to exhaustion
Time frame: 30 minutes each at the Baseline-Assessment and at the Post-Assessment
Time to exhaustion (TTE) will be one of the measured variables of endurance performance and be evaluated via a graded exercise test (GXT) on a motor-driven treadmill.
Endurance performance: Change in maximum oxygen consumption
Time frame: 30 minutes each at the Baseline-Assessment and at the Post-Assessment
Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) will be one of the measured variables of endurance performance and be evaluated via a computerized indirect calorimetry system throughout the whole graded exercise test (GXT) on a motor-driven treadmill.
Endocrine stress responses
Time frame: 1 minutes for each sampling
Before and after pressure manipulation, and after endurance performance measure, stress responses of endocrine assessments will be assessed. Specifically, salivary cortisol (sCort) and salivary alpha-amylases (sAA) will be collected using the commercially available sampling devices.
Subjective stress responses
Time frame: 5 minutes for each assessment
The participants' subjective perception of stress will be assessed via the Chinese version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (C-STAI) (Wang and Chung, 2016) modified from the original version of STAI (Spielberger et al., 1971). The state subscale of the STAI will be the index of state anxiety influenced by pressure manipulation.
Change in emotion regulation
Time frame: 10 minutes each at the Baseline-Assessment and at the Post-Assessment
The Chinese version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (C-DERS) modified from DERS (Gratz and Roemer, 2004) will be used to assess emotional regulation. C-DERS is a 36-item self-reported questionnaire to measure the six facets of emotional regulation (i.e., awareness, clarity, impulse, goal, non-acceptance, and strategies). Items are rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 (almost never) to 5 (almost always).
Engagement
Time frame: 5 minutes at the Post-Assessment
Participants' engagement will be an adherence score calculated by addition of the Z scores for overall participant attendance of MBPP/ST sessions and a Z score for overall participant minutes spent on home practice, then divided by the total Z scores. Researchers will record the attendance of each participant in MBPP or ST programs.
Executive function: Change in reaction time
Time frame: 30 minutes each at the Baseline-Assessment and at the Post-Assessment
The executive function in terms of reaction time will be assessed by the computerized Stroop Test. The types of trials are the three Chinese color words printed in one of the three types of color. Based on the combination of words and the pixels of the color, there are three types of trials: (1) congruent trials: the stimuli in which the color of the word corresponds to the semantic meaning of the word; (2) incongruent trials: the stimuli in which the paint color of the word is inconsistent with the semantic meaning of the word; and (3) neutral trials: the colored squared.
Executive function: Change in accuracy
Time frame: 30 minutes each at the Baseline-Assessment and at the Post-Assessment
The executive function in terms of accuracy will also be assessed by the computerized Stroop Test. The types of trials are the three Chinese color words printed in one of the three types of color. Based on the combination of words and the pixels of the color, there are three types of trials: (1) congruent trials: the stimuli in which the color of the word corresponds to the semantic meaning of the word; (2) incongruent trials: the stimuli in which the paint color of the word is inconsistent with the semantic meaning of the word; and (3) neutral trials: the colored squared.
Change in attention
Time frame: 30 minutes each at the Baseline-Assessment and at the Post-Assessment
The attention will be measured by event-related potential while Stroop Test.
Change in brain resting state
Time frame: 8 minutes each at the Baseline-Assessment and at the Post-Assessment
The frequency domain of electroencephalography (EEG) will also be recorded during the resting state at baseline and post-intervention.
3 secondary outcomes
General dispositional mindfulness
Time frame: 5 minutes each at the Baseline-Assessment and at the Post-Assessment
Athletic dispositional mindfulness
Time frame: 5 minutes each at the Baseline-Assessment and at the Post-Assessment
Athletic psychological skills
Time frame: 5 minutes each at the Baseline-Assessment and at the Post-Assessment
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 17 Mar 2026.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 37028503Chang YK, Gill DL, Creswell JD, Chen DT, Lin CY, Chu CH, Nien JT. Effect of mindfulness-based intervention on endurance performance under pressure and performance-relevant mental attributes, an interdisciplinary perspective: Protocol for a Mindfulness-Based Peak Performance (MBPP) trial. Contemp Clin Trials. 2023 Jun;129:107175. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2023.107175. Epub 2023 Apr 5.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Data are available upon request.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Yu-Kai Chang, Ph.D. study director
Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing MBPP and Self-talk in people with Mindfulness and Sport Performance, run by National Taiwan Normal University at 1 site in Taiwan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 8 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 17 Mar 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Taiwan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Endurance performance: Change in time to exhaustion (time frame: 30 minutes each at the Baseline-Assessment and at the Post-Assessment). The study lists 10 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05612295, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 17 Mar 2026.