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Concussion, BrainNCT05886400

The Effects of Environmental Distractions on SCAT6 Outcomes

A study testing SCAT6 and Visual/ Auditory Distraction in people with Concussion, Brain and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, run by Indiana University at 1 site in United States.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of visual and auditory distractions on SCAT5 scores. The study is designed to identify the effects of about 80 participants completing the SCAT5 in college-aged athletes. All participants will perform the same tasks in two settings (distracted and non-distracted). Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 to 30 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
What is being tested?
SCAT6 and Visual/ Auditory Distraction
Could I receive a placebo?
Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
How many people
48 participants
Where
1 siteUnited States
Study dates
1 Sep 2023to 1 May 2024
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 to 30 years
  • All sexes
  • Healthy volunteers accepted
  • Adult

Who may be able to join

  • Previous athletic experience beginning at or after the age of 12

Who cannot join

  • Diagnosed with a neurological condition (including epilepsy, stroke, seizures)
  • Have had a concussion within the past 6 months (diagnosed or undiagnosed)
  • have not participated in sport

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

United States1 site
  • Indiana University School of Public Health

    Bloomington, Indiana, 47405

Other trials in United States

About this study

The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of visual and auditory distractions on SCAT5 scores. The study is designed to identify the effects of about 80 participants completing the SCAT5 in college-aged athletes. All participants will perform the same tasks in two settings (distracted and non-distracted). The central hypothesis is that there will be a significant association between distractions and a lower score on the SCAT5. The cognitive screening, neurological screen, and mBESS should showcase a decrease scores during the distracted environment.

Read the detailed description

The researchers will use a randomized controlled trial design and recruit participants on a first-come, first-serve basis for the study. This crossover design will consist of two groups. The two groups are; distracted and non-distracted. The study will consist of two time points in an 8-day period.

After the initial recruitment email and enrollment questionnaire, those who are eligible for the study will be randomly assigned to begin in one of the two groups. The researchers will include a self-reported health questionnaire to obtain demographic information. The information includes age, sex, race/ ethnicity, years of athletic experience, number of previous concussions, favorite sports (with gender and level) to watch, and an assessment of other neurological conditions to screen participants' eligibility. Participants who meet the inclusion criteria and are free of exclusionary factors will advance to the consent forms and testing procedures. Consent forms will be filled out via Qualtrics.

Symptom Evaluation:

The symptom evaluation assesses severity and presence of symptoms. The symptom evaluation requires participants to self-report a total of 22 on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (none) to 7 (severe). Participants will be instructed to truthfully report their symptoms by circling their scores. Symptom scores will be manually transferred to an Excel spreadsheet for future analyses.

Cognitive Screening:

The cognitive screening portion of the SCAT5 is adapted from the standardized assessment of concussion (SAC). This section consists of orientation questions (like what day is it?) followed by immediate memory. Immediate memory consists of 5-item list of words presented to the participant three times and the participants are asked to recite the words back in any order. After the immediate memory assessment concentration is assessed using the digits backwards and months in reverse order tests. The digits backwards test starts with the participants being given a series of 3 numbers and asked to repeat them in reverse order, the test progresses up to 6 numbers. The test is discontinued after 2 consecutive incorrect answers. The months backwards test requires participants to recite the months of the year in reverse order. Following the months backwards the participant is asked to give as many words from the 5-item list as they can remember.

Neurological Screen :

The neurological screen is a brief series of questions assessing neurological function of the participant. This screen consists of participants ability to read out loud and follow instructions, perform full pain-free passive range of motion, vertical and horizontal eye movement (without moving the head), and complete tandem gait. Tandem gait requires participant to stand with their feet together (footwear off), they are instructed to walk as quickly and accurately as possible along the line in front of them maintaining an alternating foot heel to toe gait. The test is discontinued if the participant steps off of the line or does not maintain contact between heel and toe of opposite feet.

Modified Balance Error Scoring System (mBESS):

The balance testing is a modified version of the Balance Error Scoring System. The test consists of 20 second trials for 3 separate stances. The stances consist of double leg balance, single leg balance (non-dominant leg) and a tandem stance. Each stance will be performed with the participants hands on their hips and eyes closed. The scoring for this assessment is counted for every error that occurs during each stance. The errors include hands off hips, opening eyes, step/stumble/fall, moving hips into greater than 30 degrees of abduction, lifting heel or forefoot and staying out of position for greater than 5 seconds. Maximum number of errors is 10. If the participant cannot maintain position for a minimum of 5 seconds the test is discontinued and an automatic error score of 10 is given.

Being tested
SCAT6, Visual/ Auditory Distraction
Keywords
Standardized Concussion Assessment Tool, Modified Balance Error Scoring System, Sports Participation
Medical subject headings
Brain Concussion

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • SCAT6Other

    Also called Standardized Concussion Assessment Tool

    The SCAT6 is a standardized assessment tool to diagnose a concussion. This tool will be used for the experiment utilizing the 6th edition to recreate the methods used in an athletic situation. The SCAT6 is broken down into multiple subtests to focus on specific aspects of a person's wellbeing that could be affected by a possible concussion. The assessments are created to measure an athlete's subjectively experienced symptoms, cognitive functioning and balance and postural stability (mBESS).

  • Visual/ Auditory DistractionOther

    The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of environmental distractions on one's ability to complete the SCAT6. The environmental distractions will be visual and auditory by playing a sports event or sports clips during the completion of the assessment. The goal of this is to simulate the distraction of a sideline like a SCAT6 is typically used within athletic training.

Study groups in NCT05886400
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
DistractedExperimentalVisual and audio distraction via sports video clips or a game will be playing during the testing session.
Receives: Other: SCAT6; Other: Visual/ Auditory Distraction
Not DistractedSham comparatorNo visual or auditory distractions will be used during testing session. Testing area will be in a controlled environment.
Receives: Other: SCAT6

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Significant association between visual and auditory distractions and the outcomes of the Standardized Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT6) assessment

    Scores on the SCAT6 will differ between the control and non-distracted environment. Specifically for the main portion of the SCAT6 the orientation, immediate memory, concentration, and delayed recall scores will be compiled. Scores can be a minimum of 0 and a maximum of 50. A higher score indicates better performance while a lower score indicates worse performance.

    Measured: Completion of both environments to analyze the differences in scores will be completed on day 8.

Secondary outcomes (2)
  1. Symptom list

    Scores on the symptom list will not show differences between the control / non-distracted environment and experimental / distracted environment. The symptom list portion can have a minimum score of 0 for both the number of symptoms and severity of symptoms. It can have a maximum score of 22 for total number of symptoms and a maximum score of 132 for symptom severity. A lower score indicates a better outcome while a higher score indicates a worse outcome.

    Measured: Completion of both environments to analyze the differences in scores will be completed on day 8.

  2. Modified Balance Error Scoring System (mBESS)

    Scores on the SCAT6 will differ between the control and non-distracted environment. During the mBESS the minimum score is a 0 and the maximum score is 30. A lower score indicates better performance while a higher score indicates worse performance.

    Measured: Completion of both environments to analyze the differences in scores will be completed on day 8.

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted2 Jun 2023
  2. Study start1 Sep 2023
  3. Primary completion1 May 2024
  4. Study completion1 May 2024

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Screening
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Crossover
Masking
None (open label)
Enrolment
48 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT05886400
Sponsor's protocol ID
18810
Status last verified
Jun 2024
First submitted
23 May 2023
Last updated
24 Jun 2024
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
No: All study data will be included in publications.

Publications

  • Taylor CA, Bell JM, Breiding MJ, Xu L. Traumatic Brain Injury-Related Emergency Department Visits, Hospitalizations, and Deaths - United States, 2007 and 2013. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2017 Mar 17;66(9):1-16. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.ss6609a1.

    PubMed 28301451
  • Laker SR. Epidemiology of concussion and mild traumatic brain injury. PM R. 2011 Oct;3(10 Suppl 2):S354-8. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2011.07.017.

    PubMed 22035677
  • McCrory P, Meeuwisse W, Johnston K, Dvorak J, Aubry M, Molloy M, Cantu R. Consensus statement on concussion in sport: the 3rd International Conference on Concussion in Sport held in Zurich, November 2008. J Athl Train. 2009 Jul-Aug;44(4):434-48. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-44.4.434. No abstract available.

    PubMed 19593427
  • Teel EF, Register-Mihalik JK, Appelbaum LG, Battaglini CL, Carneiro KA, Guskiewicz KM, Marshall SW, Mihalik JP. Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating Aerobic Training and Common Sport-Related Concussion Outcomes in Healthy Participants. J Athl Train. 2018 Dec;53(12):1156-1165. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-7-18. Epub 2018 Dec 18.

    PubMed 30562056
  • Hanninen T, Parkkari J, Howell DR, Palola V, Seppanen A, Tuominen M, Iverson GL, Luoto TM. Reliability of the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5 baseline testing: A 2-week test-retest study. J Sci Med Sport. 2021 Feb;24(2):129-134. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.07.014. Epub 2020 Aug 5.

    PubMed 32868203
  • Echemendia RJ, Meeuwisse W, McCrory P, Davis GA, Putukian M, Leddy J, Makdissi M, Sullivan SJ, Broglio SP, Raftery M, Schneider K, Kissick J, McCrea M, Dvorak J, Sills AK, Aubry M, Engebretsen L, Loosemore M, Fuller G, Kutcher J, Ellenbogen R, Guskiewicz K, Patricios J, Herring S. The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5th Edition (SCAT5): Background and rationale. Br J Sports Med. 2017 Jun;51(11):848-850. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-097506. Epub 2017 Apr 26.

    PubMed 28446453
  • Yengo-Kahn AM, Hale AT, Zalneraitis BH, Zuckerman SL, Sills AK, Solomon GS. The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool: a systematic review. Neurosurg Focus. 2016 Apr;40(4):E6. doi: 10.3171/2016.1.FOCUS15611.

    PubMed 27032923
  • Black AM, Miutz LN, Kv VW, Schneider KJ, Yeates KO, Emery CA. Baseline Performance of High School Rugby Players on the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5. J Athl Train. 2020 Feb;55(2):116-123. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-123-19. Epub 2020 Jan 9.

    PubMed 31917599
  • Iverson GL, Howell DR, Van Patten R, Bloomfield P, Gardner AJ. Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-5th Edition (SCAT5): Normative Reference Values for the National Rugby League Women's Premiership. Front Sports Act Living. 2021 May 26;3:653743. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2021.653743. eCollection 2021.

    PubMed 34124655
  • Petit KM, Savage JL, Bretzin AC, Anderson M, Covassin T. The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-5 (SCAT5): Baseline Assessments in NCAA Division I Collegiate Student-Athletes. Int J Exerc Sci. 2020 Aug 1;13(3):1143-1155. doi: 10.70252/SUJD2658. eCollection 2020.

    PubMed 32922635
  • Bland DC, Zampieri C, Damiano DL. Effectiveness of physical therapy for improving gait and balance in individuals with traumatic brain injury: a systematic review. Brain Inj. 2011;25(7-8):664-79. doi: 10.3109/02699052.2011.576306. Epub 2011 May 11.

    PubMed 21561297
  • Dessy AM, Yuk FJ, Maniya AY, Gometz A, Rasouli JJ, Lovell MR, Choudhri TF. Review of Assessment Scales for Diagnosing and Monitoring Sports-related Concussion. Cureus. 2017 Dec 7;9(12):e1922. doi: 10.7759/cureus.1922.

    PubMed 29456902
  • West TA, Marion DW. Current recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of concussion in sport: a comparison of three new guidelines. J Neurotrauma. 2014 Jan 15;31(2):159-68. doi: 10.1089/neu.2013.3031. Epub 2013 Oct 16.

    PubMed 23879529
  • Mistry DA, Rainer TH. Concussion assessment in the emergency department: a preliminary study for a quality improvement project. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2018 Dec 27;4(1):e000445. doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000445. eCollection 2018.

    PubMed 30687512
  • Lempke LB, Schmidt JD, Lynall RC. Athletic Trainers' Concussion-Assessment and Concussion-Management Practices: An Update. J Athl Train. 2020 Jan;55(1):17-26. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-322-18. Epub 2019 Dec 19.

    PubMed 31855075

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing SCAT6 and Visual/ Auditory Distraction in people with Concussion, Brain and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, run by Indiana University at 1 site in United States.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 24 Jun 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Significant association between visual and auditory distractions and the outcomes of the Standardized Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT6) assessment (time frame: Completion of both environments to analyze the differences in scores will be completed on day 8.). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05886400, which also lists 28 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 24 Jun 2024.

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