Nursing CareNCT06359288
Preterm Newborn Mothers' Anxiety and Self-Efficacy
A study testing Group receiving QR code supported training in people with Nursing Care and Mother-Infant Interaction, run by Kocaeli University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of QR code supported infant care training given to mothers of preterm newborns on maternal self-efficacy and maternal anxiety level . Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 19 to 45 years, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Nursing Care, Mother-Infant Interaction, Education
- What is being tested?
- Group receiving QR code supported training
- Type of treatment
- Vaccines
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 80 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Jan 2023to 23 Mar 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 19 to 45 years
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Preterm infant who were born between 28-36+6 gestational weeks
- Preterm infant with a low birth weight at hospitalization (between 1500-2500 g)
- Preterm infant weight of 2500 g or more at discharge,
- Preterm infant who had stable vital signs,
- Preterm infant who do not use muscle relaxants, analgesics, sedatives or inotropic drugs,
- Preterm infant who do not have a serious neurological disease
Show all 9Show fewer
- Mothers who stay with the baby for at least one month after discharge,
- Mothers who voluntarily accepting the study,
- Mothers who not being diagnosed with a psychiatric illness.
Who cannot join
- Mothers who did not have the ability to read and understand Turkish,
- Mothers who did not use/access the internet,
- Mothers who had twin babies
- Mothers whose babies with a disease that would prevent post-discharge care
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Effect of QR Code Supported Infant Care Training Given to Preterm Newborn Mothers on Motherhood Self-Efficacy and Anxiety
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of QR code supported infant care training given to mothers of preterm newborns on maternal self-efficacy and maternal anxiety level .
Read the detailed description
Maternal and child health is an important health indicator of societies. According to the World Health Organisation, almost half of all under-five child deaths are neonatal deaths. In order to reduce these deaths, especially in the neonatal period, it is very important for mothers to learn and correctly apply infant care. In studies conducted with mothers of preterm newborns, it was determined that mothers felt themselves inadequate after taking care responsibilities after discharge, expressed that they needed training for the care of the baby, and preferred to remain bystanders because they were less confident in the care of the baby. However, other studies have reported that preterm and hospitalised infants have a negative impact on the development of the mothering role. Prematurity may increase maternal anxiety and negatively affect perceived maternal self-efficacy. At the same time, the mother's intense anxiety and inadequate perceived maternal self-efficacy negatively affect infant care.
Maternal self-efficacy perception is mothers' beliefs about being successful in their parenting role and is an important mechanism guiding the interactions of preterm newborns and their mothers in the hospital. In order for this mechanism to continue in a healthy way, the nurse should identify the aspects that mothers perceive themselves as adequate or that mothers perceive as negative from birth and observe all their interventions towards the baby. Self-efficacy, which can be gained through learning by observation, can be maximised in the postnatal period by nurses demonstrating the principles they want to teach. Therefore, nurses should clearly show the practices for infant care to mothers and support the perception of maternal self-efficacy.
Today, traditional materials used in the educational process (blackboard, book, etc.) are replaced by smart and portable devices (e-book, smart board, tablet, etc.). In this context, QR codes serve as a bridge between old and new education models. In other words, QR codes increase the effectiveness of mobile education by integrating mobile devices into traditional educational materials. QR codes are a cheap and easy process for delivering information to individuals. When the literature is analysed, it is seen that the interest and motivation in the subject increases when the training sessions offered through the internet and printed learning materials are used together. QR codes are frequently used in educational activities due to their versatility and their ability to enable different learning environments. When the benefits of QR codes are analysed in studies conducted on healthcare professionals, students, and educators in the literature, they can be listed as ease of use and ease of access, adaptability, simplicity of development and potential environmental benefits compared to other access methods. However, studies on the use of QR codes in patient education in the field of nursing are limited.
- Conditions
- Nursing Care, Mother-Infant Interaction, Education
- Being tested
- Group receiving QR code supported training
- Keywords
- Motherhood Self-Efficacy, Anxiety, Nursing Care, Preterm, QR code
- Medical subject headings
- Anxiety Disorders, Premature Birth
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Group receiving QR code supported trainingOther
During the training process, QR codes were integrated into the sections related to the care of the newborn in the guide to provide mothers with the opportunity to watch the video simultaneously while reading the guide in practices requiring skills related to hygienic care of the newborn and nutrition / communication / sleep, and to allow them to watch it repeatedly as long as they feel the need. In these videos, the application steps were shown one by one. When the code is scanned with a smartphone, it automatically redirects the user to the specified URL. The QR codes in the Implementation Guide on the Care of the Newborn consist of eight videos) that allow mothers to watch the hygienic care of the newborn in practice. After the end of this phase of the training, the questionnaires were re-administered to the mothers in both groups one month after discharge.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Group receiving QR code supported training | Experimental | Training sessions in the training class run three days a week for two weeks. 6. During the training process, QR codes were integrated into the sections related to the care of the newborn in the guide in order to provide mothers with the opportunity to watch the video simultaneously while reading the guide in practices requiring skills related to hygienic care of the newborn and nutrition / communication / sleep, and to allow them to watch it repeatedly as long as they feel the need. In these videos, the application steps were shown one by one. URL addresses of the videos were obtained and then QR Codes were created. When the code is scanned with a smartphone, it automatically redirects the user to the specified URL. The difference between the groups was that videos on newborn care were shown and QR Code training guides with the same content as the SC group created by the researchers on newborn care were distributed. Receives: Other: Group receiving QR code supported training |
| Recommendations to start care | No intervention | In the training class, mothers who are preparing for discharge are currently given training on the appearance, feeding, care, vaccinations, sleep and health checks of the premature infant, and the care of the newborn is carried out practically. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Perceived Maternal Self-Efficacy Scale (PMES)- Survey
QR code-supported education given to mothers of preterm newborns improves. The scale assesses the perceived maternal self-efficacy levels of mothers of hospitalised preterm infants. The scale, which consisted of 19 items, was graded between 1 and 4 (1 = strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = agree, 4 = strongly agree). Scoring of the scale was calculated by adding the obtained scores. The score obtained from the scale is between 19 and 76. A high score indicates that the mother's self-efficacy is high. The reliability coefficient of the scale in mothers of hospitalised preterm infants was 0.98. In this study, the internal consistency coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.95.
Measured: Before the recruit pre-test (PMES- survey scale) will be applied. One months after the intervention post-test (PMES survey scale) again will be applied.
Secondary outcomes (1)
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)- Survey Scale
QR code-supported education given to mothers of preterm newborns decreases the mother's anxiety level.The STAI provides information about state anxiety. The STAI consists of 20 items and is graded between 1-4 according to the anxiety level of the person. The scale includes plain and inverted statements (items: 1., 2., 5., 8., 10., 11., 15., 16., 19. and 20.) determining positive and negative emotions. Scores between 20-80 are obtained from the scale. A higher score means higher anxiety. In scoring, the total score of the negative statements is subtracted from the total score of the positive statements. A predetermined and unchanged 50 points are added to this score. The score obtained indicates the anxiety level of the person. In this study, the internal consistency coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.88.
Measured: Before the recruit pre-test (STAI- survey scale) will be applied. One months after the intervention post-test (STAI survey scale) again will be applied.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted11 Apr 2024
- Study start1 Jan 2023
- Primary completion1 Dec 2023
- Study completion23 Mar 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (15)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Nursing CareStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- The study was conducted experimentally with a pre-test and post-test control group.
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 80 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Kocaeli University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Sinem Yalnızoglu Caka, Kocaeli University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06359288
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2023/01.11/2023/6
- Status last verified
- Oct 2024
- First submitted
- 2 Apr 2024
- Last updated
- 8 Oct 2024
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Bellot J, Shaffer K, Wang M. Use of quick response coding to create interactive patient and provider resources. J Nurs Educ. 2015 Apr;54(4):224-7. doi: 10.3928/01484834-20150318-07.
PubMed 25826764Barnes CR, Adamson-Macedo EN. Perceived Maternal Parenting Self-Efficacy (PMP S-E) tool: development and validation with mothers of hospitalized preterm neonates. J Adv Nurs. 2007 Dec;60(5):550-60. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04445.x.
PubMed 17973719Afand N, Keshavarz M, Fatemi NS, Montazeri A. Effects of infant massage on state anxiety in mothers of preterm infants prior to hospital discharge. J Clin Nurs. 2017 Jul;26(13-14):1887-1892. doi: 10.1111/jocn.13498. Epub 2017 Mar 24.
PubMed 27486850Kadiroglu T, Guducu Tufekci F. Effect of Infant Care Training on Maternal Bonding, Motherhood Self-Efficacy, and Self-Confidence in Mothers of Preterm Newborns. Matern Child Health J. 2022 Jan;26(1):131-138. doi: 10.1007/s10995-021-03287-0. Epub 2021 Nov 27.
PubMed 34837599Pazarcıkcı F, Efe E. (2017). Preterm Bebeklerin Taburculuk Sonrası Evde Bakımının Sağlanmasında Hemşirenin Rolü. MAKÜ Sag. Bil. Enst. Derg, 5 (1), 45-52.
Pisoni C, Garofoli F, Baiardini I, Tzialla C, Stronati M. The development of parents-infant relationship in high-risk pregnancies and preterm birth. JPNIM, 2014, 3: e030233.
Rawlins LN, Seaman KA. The Use of QR Codes to Engage Nursing Students With Next Generation NCLEX. J Nurs Educ. 2024 Mar;63(3):186-187. doi: 10.3928/01484834-20240108-02. Epub 2024 Mar 1.
PubMed 38442404Ritchie SK. Primary care of the premature infant discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs. 2002 Mar-Apr;27(2):76-85. doi: 10.1097/00005721-200203000-00004.
PubMed 11984275Shorey S, Chan SW, Chong YS, He HG. Maternal parental self-efficacy in newborn care and social support needs in Singapore: a correlational study. J Clin Nurs. 2014 Aug;23(15-16):2272-82. doi: 10.1111/jocn.12507. Epub 2013 Dec 26.
PubMed 24372630Tognasso G, Gorla L, Ambrosini C, Figurella F, De Carli P, Parolin L, Sarracino D, Santona A. Parenting Stress, Maternal Self-Efficacy and Confidence in Caretaking in a Sample of Mothers with Newborns (0-1 Month). Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Aug 5;19(15):9651. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19159651.
PubMed 35955005Wolke D, Eryigit-Madzwamuse S, Gutbrod T. Very preterm/very low birthweight infants' attachment: infant and maternal characteristics. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2014 Jan;99(1):F70-5. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2013-303788. Epub 2013 Jun 21.
PubMed 23792355Yayan, E. H., Özdemir, M., Düken, M. E., Suna Dağ, Y. (2019). Yenidoğan Yoğun Bakım Ünitesinde Bebeği Yatan Ebeveynlerin Stres Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi (GÜSBD), 8(1), 82-89.
Shrestha S, Adachi K, Petrini MA, Shrestha S, Rana Khagi B. Development and evaluation of a newborn care education programme in primiparous mothers in Nepal. Midwifery. 2016 Nov;42:21-28. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2016.09.006. Epub 2016 Sep 15.
PubMed 27710817Silva, I. O. A. M. D., Aredes, N. D. A., Bicalho, M. B., Delácio, N. C. B., Mazzo, L. D. L., & Fonseca, L. M. M. (2018). Booklet on premature infants as educational technology for the family: quasi-experimental study. Acta Paulista de Enfermagem, 31, 334-341. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0194201800048
Caka SY, Topal S, Ozturkler S, Celenkoglu FT, Gunlemez A. The Effect of QR Code Supported Newborn Care Training Given to Mothers With Premature Infant on Self-Efficacy and Anxiety: A Randomised Controlled Study. Scand J Caring Sci. 2025 Sep;39(3):e70051. doi: 10.1111/scs.70051.
PubMed 40605472
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 8 Oct 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effect of QR Code Supported Infant Care Training Given to Preterm Newborn Mothers on Motherhood Self-Efficacy and Anxiety
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06359288
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2023/01.11/2023/6
- Conditions
- Nursing Care, Mother-Infant Interaction, Education
- Keywords
- Motherhood Self-Efficacy, Anxiety, Nursing Care, Preterm, QR code
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 80 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Kocaeli UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Jan 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Dec 2023 (actual)
- Study completion
- 23 Mar 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 11 Apr 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of QR code supported infant care training given to mothers of preterm newborns on maternal self-efficacy and maternal anxiety level .
Detailed description
Maternal and child health is an important health indicator of societies. According to the World Health Organisation, almost half of all under-five child deaths are neonatal deaths. In order to reduce these deaths, especially in the neonatal period, it is very important for mothers to learn and correctly apply infant care. In studies conducted with mothers of preterm newborns, it was determined that mothers felt themselves inadequate after taking care responsibilities after discharge, expressed that they needed training for the care of the baby, and preferred to remain bystanders because they were less confident in the care of the baby. However, other studies have reported that preterm and hospitalised infants have a negative impact on the development of the mothering role. Prematurity may increase maternal anxiety and negatively affect perceived maternal self-efficacy. At the same time, the mother's intense anxiety and inadequate perceived maternal self-efficacy negatively affect infant care.
Maternal self-efficacy perception is mothers' beliefs about being successful in their parenting role and is an important mechanism guiding the interactions of preterm newborns and their mothers in the hospital. In order for this mechanism to continue in a healthy way, the nurse should identify the aspects that mothers perceive themselves as adequate or that mothers perceive as negative from birth and observe all their interventions towards the baby. Self-efficacy, which can be gained through learning by observation, can be maximised in the postnatal period by nurses demonstrating the principles they want to teach. Therefore, nurses should clearly show the practices for infant care to mothers and support the perception of maternal self-efficacy.
Today, traditional materials used in the educational process (blackboard, book, etc.) are replaced by smart and portable devices (e-book, smart board, tablet, etc.). In this context, QR codes serve as a bridge between old and new education models. In other words, QR codes increase the effectiveness of mobile education by integrating mobile devices into traditional educational materials. QR codes are a cheap and easy process for delivering information to individuals. When the literature is analysed, it is seen that the interest and motivation in the subject increases when the training sessions offered through the internet and printed learning materials are used together. QR codes are frequently used in educational activities due to their versatility and their ability to enable different learning environments. When the benefits of QR codes are analysed in studies conducted on healthcare professionals, students, and educators in the literature, they can be listed as ease of use and ease of access, adaptability, simplicity of development and potential environmental benefits compared to other access methods. However, studies on the use of QR codes in patient education in the field of nursing are limited.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- The study was conducted experimentally with a pre-test and post-test control group.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Group receiving QR code supported training | Experimental | Other: Group receiving QR code supported trainingTraining sessions in the training class run three days a week for two weeks. 6. During the training process, QR codes were integrated into the sections related to the care of the newborn in the guide in order to provide mothers with the opportunity to watch the video simultaneously while reading the guide in practices requiring skills related to hygienic care of the newborn and nutrition / communication / sleep, and to allow them to watch it repeatedly as long as they feel the need. In these videos, the application steps were shown one by one. URL addresses of the videos were obtained and then QR Codes were created. When the code is scanned with a smartphone, it automatically redirects the user to the specified URL. The difference between the groups was that videos on newborn care were shown and QR Code training guides with the same content as the SC group created by the researchers on newborn care were distributed. |
| Recommendations to start care | No intervention | –In the training class, mothers who are preparing for discharge are currently given training on the appearance, feeding, care, vaccinations, sleep and health checks of the premature infant, and the care of the newborn is carried out practically. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 19 to 45 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Preterm infant who were born between 28-36+6 gestational weeks
- Preterm infant with a low birth weight at hospitalization (between 1500-2500 g)
- Preterm infant weight of 2500 g or more at discharge,
- Preterm infant who had stable vital signs,
- Preterm infant who do not use muscle relaxants, analgesics, sedatives or inotropic drugs,
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Mothers who did not have the ability to read and understand Turkish,
- Mothers who did not use/access the internet,
- Mothers who had twin babies
- Mothers whose babies with a disease that would prevent post-discharge care
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Group receiving QR code supported trainingDuring the training process, QR codes were integrated into the sections related to the care of the newborn in the guide to provide mothers with the opportunity to watch the video simultaneously while reading the guide in practices requiring skills related to hygienic care of the newborn and nutrition / communication / sleep, and to allow them to watch it repeatedly as long as they feel the need. In these videos, the application steps were shown one by one. When the code is scanned with a smartphone, it automatically redirects the user to the specified URL. The QR codes in the Implementation Guide on the Care of the Newborn consist of eight videos) that allow mothers to watch the hygienic care of the newborn in practice. After the end of this phase of the training, the questionnaires were re-administered to the mothers in both groups one month after discharge. | Other | Group receiving QR code supported training |
Primary outcome
Perceived Maternal Self-Efficacy Scale (PMES)- Survey
Time frame: Before the recruit pre-test (PMES- survey scale) will be applied. One months after the intervention post-test (PMES survey scale) again will be applied.
QR code-supported education given to mothers of preterm newborns improves. The scale assesses the perceived maternal self-efficacy levels of mothers of hospitalised preterm infants. The scale, which consisted of 19 items, was graded between 1 and 4 (1 = strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = agree, 4 = strongly agree). Scoring of the scale was calculated by adding the obtained scores. The score obtained from the scale is between 19 and 76. A high score indicates that the mother's self-efficacy is high. The reliability coefficient of the scale in mothers of hospitalised preterm infants was 0.98. In this study, the internal consistency coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.95.
1 secondary outcome
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)- Survey Scale
Time frame: Before the recruit pre-test (STAI- survey scale) will be applied. One months after the intervention post-test (STAI survey scale) again will be applied.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 8 Oct 2024.
- Background: PubMed 25826764Bellot J, Shaffer K, Wang M. Use of quick response coding to create interactive patient and provider resources. J Nurs Educ. 2015 Apr;54(4):224-7. doi: 10.3928/01484834-20150318-07.
- Background: PubMed 17973719Barnes CR, Adamson-Macedo EN. Perceived Maternal Parenting Self-Efficacy (PMP S-E) tool: development and validation with mothers of hospitalized preterm neonates. J Adv Nurs. 2007 Dec;60(5):550-60. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04445.x.
- Background: PubMed 27486850Afand N, Keshavarz M, Fatemi NS, Montazeri A. Effects of infant massage on state anxiety in mothers of preterm infants prior to hospital discharge. J Clin Nurs. 2017 Jul;26(13-14):1887-1892. doi: 10.1111/jocn.13498. Epub 2017 Mar 24.
- Background: PubMed 34837599Kadiroglu T, Guducu Tufekci F. Effect of Infant Care Training on Maternal Bonding, Motherhood Self-Efficacy, and Self-Confidence in Mothers of Preterm Newborns. Matern Child Health J. 2022 Jan;26(1):131-138. doi: 10.1007/s10995-021-03287-0. Epub 2021 Nov 27.
- BackgroundPazarcıkcı F, Efe E. (2017). Preterm Bebeklerin Taburculuk Sonrası Evde Bakımının Sağlanmasında Hemşirenin Rolü. MAKÜ Sag. Bil. Enst. Derg, 5 (1), 45-52.
- BackgroundPisoni C, Garofoli F, Baiardini I, Tzialla C, Stronati M. The development of parents-infant relationship in high-risk pregnancies and preterm birth. JPNIM, 2014, 3: e030233.
- Background: PubMed 38442404Rawlins LN, Seaman KA. The Use of QR Codes to Engage Nursing Students With Next Generation NCLEX. J Nurs Educ. 2024 Mar;63(3):186-187. doi: 10.3928/01484834-20240108-02. Epub 2024 Mar 1.
- Background: PubMed 11984275Ritchie SK. Primary care of the premature infant discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs. 2002 Mar-Apr;27(2):76-85. doi: 10.1097/00005721-200203000-00004.
- Background: PubMed 24372630Shorey S, Chan SW, Chong YS, He HG. Maternal parental self-efficacy in newborn care and social support needs in Singapore: a correlational study. J Clin Nurs. 2014 Aug;23(15-16):2272-82. doi: 10.1111/jocn.12507. Epub 2013 Dec 26.
- Background: PubMed 35955005Tognasso G, Gorla L, Ambrosini C, Figurella F, De Carli P, Parolin L, Sarracino D, Santona A. Parenting Stress, Maternal Self-Efficacy and Confidence in Caretaking in a Sample of Mothers with Newborns (0-1 Month). Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Aug 5;19(15):9651. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19159651.
- Background: PubMed 23792355Wolke D, Eryigit-Madzwamuse S, Gutbrod T. Very preterm/very low birthweight infants' attachment: infant and maternal characteristics. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2014 Jan;99(1):F70-5. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2013-303788. Epub 2013 Jun 21.
- BackgroundYayan, E. H., Özdemir, M., Düken, M. E., Suna Dağ, Y. (2019). Yenidoğan Yoğun Bakım Ünitesinde Bebeği Yatan Ebeveynlerin Stres Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi (GÜSBD), 8(1), 82-89.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Group receiving QR code supported training in people with Nursing Care and Mother-Infant Interaction, run by Kocaeli University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 9 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 8 Oct 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Perceived Maternal Self-Efficacy Scale (PMES)- Survey (time frame: Before the recruit pre-test (PMES- survey scale) will be applied. One months after the intervention post-test (PMES survey scale) again will be applied.). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06359288, which also lists 15 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 8 Oct 2024.