Wearable Technology to Characterize and Treat mTBI Subtypes: Biofeedback-Based Precision Rehabilitation

This is a 29-item scale that is organized around concussion clinical profiles: 1) anxiety/mood (5 items), 2) cognitive/fatigue (3 items), 3) migraine (5 items), 4) ocular (5 items), and 5) vestibular (5 items); and 2 modifiers: 1) sleep (4 items), and 2) neck (cervical) (2 items). Participants respond to each item on a 0 (none) to 3 (severe) Likert-type scale. The CP Screen provides a total symptom score ranging from 0 to 87 and individual subscale scores. A higher score indicates a higher severity of symptoms.

This is a 25-item self-assessment inventory that evaluates the self-perceived handicapping effects due to a vestibular disorder. For scoring, 16-34 points is mild handicap, 36-52 points is a moderate handicap, and 54+ points severe handicap.

This is a questionnaire with 37 items addressing 6 dimensions of quality of life; cognition, self, daily life and autonomy, social relationships, physical problems and feeling bothered by emotions.The questionnaire provides a profile of quality of life together with a total score. It is easy to fill in, and can be completed in 7-10 minutes. The scale means are converted to the 0-100 scale by subtracting 1 from the mean and then multiplying by 25. This produces scale scores which have a lowest possible value of 0 (worst possible quality of life) and a maximum value of 100 (best possible quality of life).

This is a questionnaire related to how satisfied participants are with social roles in the past 7 days. Higher scores mean more of the concept being measured. Example = more satisfaction.

The HADS delineates potential anxiety or depression dominance where possible scores could range from 0 to 21 for anxiety and 0 to 21 for depression. Anxiety and depression are scored separately (8-10= mild, 11-14= moderate, 15-21= severe).

This is a questionnaire that assesses the impact of headache severity on daily life activities. Higher scores indicate a greater impact on in the participant's life and the score range is 36-78. For example, a score of 36 is no impact on the participant's life and a score of 78 is always impacting the participant's life.

This is 7-question survey that assess sleep problems. Respondents rate each element of the questionnaire using Likert-type scales. Responses can range from 0 to 4, where higher scores indicate more acute symptoms of insomnia. Scores are tallied and can be compared both to scores obtained at a different phase of treatment and to the scores of other individuals. Though developers point out that their chosen cutoff scores have not been validated, they offer a few guidelines for interpreting scale results: a total score of 0-7 indicates no clinically significant insomnia, 8-14 means subthreshold insomnia, 15-21 is clinical insomnia (moderate severity), and 22-28 means clinical insomnia (severe).

This questionnaire has 10 questions regarding neck pain during daily activities. Each question contains six answer choices, scored from 0 (no disability) to 5 (complete disability). All section scores are then totaled. Scoring is reported on a 0-50 scale, 0 being the best possible score and 50 being the worst. Alternately, the score can be reported from 0-100. The score is often reported as a percentage (0-100%).

This survey has 15 questions related to problems with convergence in everyday activities. Participants rate their symptoms on a 0-4 Likert Scale were 0 is never and 4 is always. A score of 21 or higher is suggestive of convergence insufficiency.

The VSS contains 36 items addressing the frequency and severity of dizziness symptoms within the last 12 months. Frequency of symptoms is rated on a Likert scale: 0 points: "never", 1 point: "a few times (1-3 times a year)", 2 points: "several times (4-12 times a year)", 3 points: "quite often (on average, more than once a month)" and 4 points: "very often (on average more than once a week)". Total score aims to figure out the severity of dizziness where lower scores imply less severity. Two principle subscales are distinguishing between items related to vertigo and imbalance (Vertigo symptom scale) and those suggestive of anxiety and arousal (Autonomic/Anxiety).

Vertigo/balance sub scale score range: 0-76 Autonomic/Anxiety subscale score range: 0-60

This is a computerized neurocognitive test that takes about 20 minutes to complete. The ANAM collects information on attention, memory, or thinking ability.

This test assesses gaze stability during head rotations relative to head-stationary visual acuity. The change in lines read compared to static acuity is noted. A loss of three or more lines of visual acuity relative to one's static visual acuity is regarded as clinically significant.

These tests will ask the participant to move their eyes in various directions.

This test will have the participant looking at a stationary object while their head is moved quickly.

This assessment evaluates a patient's ability to adapt their balance while walking and undertaking a series of additional tasks such as turning their head, changing speeds, and stepping over an obstacle. Each item is scored on an ordinal scale from 0 to 3, with 0 = severe impairment, 1 = moderate impairment, 2 = mild impairment, 3 = normal ambulation and highest score = 30.

This is a test of mobility that evaluates a person's ability to walk a prescribed path involving multiple turns of various angles.

This test assesses balance by asking participants to stand in progressively challenging conditions (feet together, single limb stance and tandem) both on firm and foam surfaces. All items are performed with eyes closed. A rater evaluates the number of errors committed by the participant, such as opening their eyes or removing their hands from their hips during the first 20 seconds of the trial for each test. The total score can be between 0-30, where a higher score indicates more errors.

This test assesses the sensory contributions to balance. In this test, participants stand with feet together in 4 conditions; 1) eyes open on a firm surface, 2) eyes closed on a firm surface, 3) eyes open on foam surface, and 4) eyes closed on a foam surface. Participants are clinician-rated on stability based on the ability to maintain balance for 30 seconds in each condition. If the subject cannot hold the position the test is stopped and the time is recorded for each trial. Completing 30 seconds for each trial is the optimal score. Total time is recorded, 120 seconds is optimal.

This is a measurement of over-ground walking performance over 1 minute with and without additional cognitive tasks.

This test includes two components of the FGA (horizontal head turns and gait with pivot turn), as well as a fast walk forward and backward from the HiMAT. The highest possible score is 14. The higher the score, the higher the level of performance.

This test will ask the participant to perform heel-to-toe walking without separating heel and toe as accurately and quickly as they can with and without additional cognitive tasks. Participants must complete the task without separating heel and toe or other deviations. Time will be recorded of the passing trials. A lower time indicates better performance.

This test will look at a patient's symptom provocation with various head and eye movements. Baseline symptoms will be assessed 0-10 where 0 is no symptoms and 10 is the maximum severity of symptoms. After each test the subject will be asked to rate their symptoms 0-10. Total Score and change scores are calculated where high scores indicate more severe symptoms.

The participant will be tested on a modified Research NeuroCom platform where they will stand on a force plate to record postural sway. The surface and/or visual surround will move while they will be instructed to maintain their balance. They will wear a safety harness attached above to prevent falling in case a loss of balance occurs.

The participant will be tested on their reactive stepping in the anterior, posterior, and lateral directions.

This questionnaire has 22 questions and asks participants to rate how much a symptom disturbed them from 0 (none) to 3 (severe) over the past two weeks. The total score is the sum of responses.

This questionnaire assesses the types of intensity of physical activity and sitting time that people do as part of their daily lives are considered to estimate total physical activity in MET-min/week and time spent sitting.