Muscle HypertrophySLMLNCT06666127
The Effect of Peak Force At Long and Short Muscle Lengths and the Impact on Muscle Growth and Strength
A study testing LONG and SHORT Resistance Training, Maximal Isotonic Strength Testing (1RM) and Isokinetic Strength Testing in people with Muscle Hypertrophy and Muscular Strength, run by University of British Columbia at 1 site in Canada.
Trial summary
The goal of this clinical trial is to learn the effect of applying peak force/resistance to skeletal muscles during resistance exercise training in young and healthy adults. Participants will undergo two types of resistance training conditions that are randomly assigned to the left arm and leg and the right arm and… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 19 to 30 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Muscle Hypertrophy, Muscular Strength
- What is being tested?
- LONG and SHORT Resistance Training, Maximal Isotonic Strength Testing (1RM) and Isokinetic Strength Testing
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 20 participants
- Where
- 1 siteCanada
- Study dates
- 1 Dec 2024to 30 May 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 19 to 30 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Any sex
- Able to understand and communicate in English
- 19-30 years of age
- All "No" answers on the CSEP Get Active questionnaire or doctors' approval to participate
- Untrained participants: no structured resistance training over the past 12-months (i.e. > 2 hours per week of structured/periodized training)
Who cannot join
- BMI lower than 18 or greater than 30
- Difficulty to understand and communicate in English
- Current use of cigarettes or other nicotine devices
- Any major uncontrolled cardiovascular, muscular, metabolic, and/or neurological disorders
- Any medical condition impacting the ability to participate in maximal exercise
- Type one or type two diabetes
Show all 12Show fewer
- Diagnosis of cancer or undergoing cancer treatment in the past 12 months
- Drug therapy with any drugs that alter skeletal muscle metabolism (i.e., Metformin, Benzodiazepines)
- Omega-3 (EPA, DHA, fish oil) supplementation within the previous 6 weeks
- Implants containing ferrous metal
- Surgery or tattoos (including tattooed eyeliner) in the last 6 weeks
- Pregnancy
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Canada1 site
University of British Columbia
Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4
About this study
Official title: Determining the Effect of Muscle Length At Peak Force on Resistance Training Induced Hypertrophy
The goal of this clinical trial is to learn the effect of applying peak force/resistance to skeletal muscles during resistance exercise training in young and healthy adults. Participants will undergo two types of resistance training conditions that are randomly assigned to the left arm and leg and the right arm and leg. The LONG condition refers to Prime Fitness machines set to setting number '3' which applies peak force at a long muscle length. The SHORT condition refers to Prime Fitness machines set to setting number '2' which applies peak force at a short muscle length.
The main questions the trial aims to answer are:
Read more
- Does applying peak force at a longer or shorter muscle length during resistance exercise training result in greater muscle growth?
- Does applying peak force at a longer or shorter muscle length during resistance exercise training result in greater muscle growth?
We hypothesize that:
- LONG will induce greater hypertrophy compared to SHORT conditions
- LONG will result in greater increases in 1RM strength compared to SHORT
- LONG and SHORT training will result in angle specific increases in isokinetic strength
- Muscle oxygenation will decline to a greater degree during LONG compared to SHORT exercise and this will be maintained between weeks 1 and 12 of training
The investigators will compare the change in muscle volume and muscular strength between the LONG and SHORT training conditions, which each participant will have the left arm and leg as well as the right arm and leg randomly assigned to either exclusively LONG or SHORT conditions.
Participants will:
- Resistance train the left and right arm and leg with two separate conditions; LONG and SHORT for 12 weeks, with the first and last weeks dedicated to only strength testing (Isotonic and Isokinetic) and measuring muscle volume via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
- Visit the gym for resistance training 2 times per week
- Visit the UBC MRI Research Facility in weeks 1 and 12 for MRI of muscle volume
Read the detailed description
Statistical Analysis:
Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST) will be used to measure differences in hypertrophy, differences in 1RM strength, Isokinetic strength and muscle oxygenation between LONG and SHORT conditions.
It is anticipated that this study will require at least 20 participants to be screened and registered into the trial. Data will be analyzed on the basis that all participants will be included in the analysis. Participants who drop out (withdraw from treatment) will be followed up with to collect all available data and will not be replaced. Missing data will be assumed missing at random.
Sample Size Calculation:
Based on the effect size reported by Maeo et al. (2023) for difference in triceps brachia long head hypertrophy between training performed in the lengthened compared to shortened position using a within participant design, (d=0.61) a sample size of 20 participants was calculated to achieve an a priori power of 90%.
- Conditions
- Muscle Hypertrophy, Muscular Strength
- Being tested
- LONG and SHORT Resistance Training, Maximal Isotonic Strength Testing (1RM), Isokinetic Strength Testing, Muscle Oxygenation
- Keywords
- Muscle Hypertrophy, Muscular Strength, Long Muscle Lengths, Peak Force, Length-Tension Relationship, Range of Motion, Neuromechanical Matching, Resistance Training, Muscle Oxygenation
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
LONG and SHORT Resistance TrainingOther
One side of the body will be randomly assigned to perform exercises in position 3 (LONG) with the other randomly assigned to position 2 (SHORT) of Prime Fitness horizontal shoulder adduction, horizontal shoulder abduction, shoulder abduction and hip extension. Each exercise will include 1 warm up set at 50% 1RM followed by 4-5 sets of 8-12 repetitions per limb. 2 minutes of rest between sets on the same side of body will be administered as the participant will alternate between the right and left limb. The left and right side limbs will alternate each session in which one starts each exercise, resulting in 10 training sessions each where the left and right limbs starts first on each exercise. All sets will be performed to momentary failure. A Dynamic Double Progression will be employed to ensure intensity is maintained.
Maximal Isotonic Strength Testing (1RM)Other
Each limb will perform a 1RM strength test with each Prime Fitness machine training horizontal shoulder adduction, horizontal shoulder abduction, shoulder abduction and hip extension respectively. Each machine will be set to position 1 (maximal load in mid-range). Testing will occur in weeks 1 and 12 of the study with the non-dominant arm and leg tested before the dominant arm and leg in each exercise. Participants self-selects first warm up set with a weight that is performed between 6-10 repetitions on both limbs. Rest for 1 minute between limbs and subsequent set. A weight is then selected by research staff to perform 3 repetitions with based on previous set. Load is now increased until 1RM is achieved. Rest periods should remain at least 1 minute alternating between limbs, with 1RM being complete within 3-5 attempts. Participant will rest 2-5 minutes before starting testing on the next exercise. Repeat for all exercises. Use pre testing data to inform 1RM attempts for post testing.
Isokinetic Strength TestingOther
Participants will engage in isokinetic strength testing on the isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex) in weeks 1 and 12 for each of the four movements: Horizontal shoulder adduction, horizontal shoulder abduction, shoulder abduction and hip extension. Participants will perform each movement unilaterally. Participants will start with the non-dominant arm and leg for each movement. Each movement will be tested through A maximal active range of motion. Participants will complete 10 sub-maximal repetitions to allow familiarization each movement. After a 2-minute rest, participants will complete 3 maximal concentric and eccentric repetitions with 30 seconds rest at 30 degrees per second before the Biodex is reset for the next movement.
Muscle OxygenationOther
During the first and last LONG and SHORT training session (visit 5 and visit 24), A near infrared spectroscopy sensor (NIRS device) (Trainred) will be affixed to the muscle belly of the deltoid during the lateral raise exercise to measure muscle oxygenation.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| SHORT and LONG Training Protocol | Experimental | Using a within subject design, participants will have the arms and legs from both left and right side of the body (divided by sagittal plane) randomly assigned to either LONG or SHORT conditions. Participants will then engage in maximal strength testing on Prime Fitness machines (1RM) as well as isokinetic strength testing (Biodex) in weeks 1 and 12. Participants will engage in the LONG and SHORT training sessions for 10 weeks in duration from week 2 until week 11. Receives: Other: LONG and SHORT Resistance Training; Other: Maximal Isotonic Strength Testing (1RM); Other: Isokinetic Strength Testing; Other: Muscle Oxygenation |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Muscle Volume
Muscle volume of the pectoralis major, deltoid and gluteus maximus muscle will be measured by cross sectional area (CSA) via Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The entire muscle length will be imaged and images at 25%, 50% and 75% of the entire muscle length will be analyzed to calculate CSA and any regional differences in hypertrophy.
Measured: From enrolment to the end of the intervention at 12 weeks
Secondary outcomes (3)
Isotonic Strength testing
Isotonic strength testing will compare the magnitude of gains in isotonic strength via a one repetition maximum test (1RM) which is the maximum weight lifted for 1 repetition. Isotonic strength will be measured using the Prime Fitness Machines used in the LONG and SHORT conditions for four different movements. Single arm shoulder horizontal adduction (Prime Fitness Chest Fly), single arm shoulder horizontal abduction (Prime Fitness Rear Deltoid Fly), single arm shoulder abduction (Prime Fitness Lateral Raise) and single leg hip extension (Prime Fitness Multi-Hip) 1RM (maximum weight lifted for 1 repetition).
Measured: Initial testing in week 1 and final testing in week 12
Isokinetic Strength Testing
Isokinetic Strength Testing: Compare the magnitude of gains in isokinetic strength in the LONG and SHORT conditions for four different movements.
Single arm shoulder horizontal adduction, shoulder abduction and single leg hip extension measured on an isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex) at long, moderate and short muscle lengths for both the concentric and eccentric contraction phases.
Measured: Initial testing in week 1 and final testing in week 12
Muscle Oxygenation
To compare muscle oxygenation of the deltoid between LONG and SHORT conditions during the first and last LONG and SHORT training sessions. Muscle oxygenation will be measured using a Near Infra-Red Spectroscopy (NIRS) device that will be placed on the participants shoulder during deltoid training.
Measured: Week 2 and week 11.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted30 Oct 2024
- Study start1 Dec 2024 (estimated)
- Primary completion1 May 2025 (estimated)
- Study completion30 May 2025 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Muscle HypertrophyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of British ColumbiaThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Model description
- Within-Subject Design: Each participant will have the left arm and leg as well as the right arm and leg randomly assigned to the LONG or SHORT condition. Each participant will perform both conditions, exclusively for the left or right sided limbs. This helps to control for genetics, nutrition, recovery, stress management and training history as each participant acts as a self-control group as well as both experimental conditions.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 20 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of British Columbia
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Cameron Mitchell, University of British Columbia
- Investigators
- Dr. Cameron Mitchell, Principal investigator, University of British Columbia, School of Kinesiology
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06666127
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- H24-01989
- Acronym
- SLML
- Status last verified
- Oct 2024
- First submitted
- 22 Oct 2024
- Last updated
- 8 Nov 2024
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Maeo S, Wu Y, Huang M, Sakurai H, Kusagawa Y, Sugiyama T, Kanehisa H, Isaka T. Triceps brachii hypertrophy is substantially greater after elbow extension training performed in the overhead versus neutral arm position. Eur J Sport Sci. 2023 Jul;23(7):1240-1250. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2100279. Epub 2022 Aug 11.
PubMed 35819335
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 8 Nov 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Determining the Effect of Muscle Length At Peak Force on Resistance Training Induced Hypertrophy
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06666127
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- SLML / H24-01989
- Conditions
- Muscle Hypertrophy, Muscular Strength
- Keywords
- Muscle Hypertrophy, Muscular Strength, Long Muscle Lengths, Peak Force, Length-Tension Relationship, Range of Motion, Neuromechanical Matching, Resistance Training
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 20 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- University of British ColumbiaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Dec 2024 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 1 May 2025 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 30 May 2025 (estimated)
- First posted
- 30 Oct 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this clinical trial is to learn the effect of applying peak force/resistance to skeletal muscles during resistance exercise training in young and healthy adults. Participants will undergo two types of resistance training conditions that are randomly assigned to the left arm and leg and the right arm and leg. The LONG condition refers to Prime Fitness machines set to setting number '3' which applies peak force at a long muscle length. The SHORT condition refers to Prime Fitness machines set to setting number '2' which applies peak force at a short muscle length.
The main questions the trial aims to answer are:
- Does applying peak force at a longer or shorter muscle length during resistance exercise training result in greater muscle growth?
- Does applying peak force at a longer or shorter muscle length during resistance exercise training result in greater muscle growth?
We hypothesize that:
- LONG will induce greater hypertrophy compared to SHORT conditions
- LONG will result in greater increases in 1RM strength compared to SHORT
- LONG and SHORT training will result in angle specific increases in isokinetic strength
- Muscle oxygenation will decline to a greater degree during LONG compared to SHORT exercise and this will be maintained between weeks 1 and 12 of training
The investigators will compare the change in muscle volume and muscular strength between the LONG and SHORT training conditions, which each participant will have the left arm and leg as well as the right arm and leg randomly assigned to either exclusively LONG or SHORT conditions.
Participants will:
- Resistance train the left and right arm and leg with two separate conditions; LONG and SHORT for 12 weeks, with the first and last weeks dedicated to only strength testing (Isotonic and Isokinetic) and measuring muscle volume via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
- Visit the gym for resistance training 2 times per week
- Visit the UBC MRI Research Facility in weeks 1 and 12 for MRI of muscle volume
Detailed description
Statistical Analysis:
Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST) will be used to measure differences in hypertrophy, differences in 1RM strength, Isokinetic strength and muscle oxygenation between LONG and SHORT conditions.
It is anticipated that this study will require at least 20 participants to be screened and registered into the trial. Data will be analyzed on the basis that all participants will be included in the analysis. Participants who drop out (withdraw from treatment) will be followed up with to collect all available data and will not be replaced. Missing data will be assumed missing at random.
Sample Size Calculation:
Based on the effect size reported by Maeo et al. (2023) for difference in triceps brachia long head hypertrophy between training performed in the lengthened compared to shortened position using a within participant design, (d=0.61) a sample size of 20 participants was calculated to achieve an a priori power of 90%.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
- Model description
- Within-Subject Design: Each participant will have the left arm and leg as well as the right arm and leg randomly assigned to the LONG or SHORT condition. Each participant will perform both conditions, exclusively for the left or right sided limbs. This helps to control for genetics, nutrition, recovery, stress management and training history as each participant acts as a self-control group as well as both experimental conditions.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| SHORT and LONG Training Protocol | Experimental | Other: LONG and SHORT Resistance Training, Other: Maximal Isotonic Strength Testing (1RM), Other: Isokinetic Strength Testing, Other: Muscle OxygenationUsing a within subject design, participants will have the arms and legs from both left and right side of the body (divided by sagittal plane) randomly assigned to either LONG or SHORT conditions. Participants will then engage in maximal strength testing on Prime Fitness machines (1RM) as well as isokinetic strength testing (Biodex) in weeks 1 and 12. Participants will engage in the LONG and SHORT training sessions for 10 weeks in duration from week 2 until week 11. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 19 to 30 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Any sex
- Able to understand and communicate in English
- 19-30 years of age
- All "No" answers on the CSEP Get Active questionnaire or doctors' approval to participate
- Untrained participants: no structured resistance training over the past 12-months (i.e. > 2 hours per week of structured/periodized training)
Key exclusion criteria (12 listed)
- BMI lower than 18 or greater than 30
- Difficulty to understand and communicate in English
- Current use of cigarettes or other nicotine devices
- Any major uncontrolled cardiovascular, muscular, metabolic, and/or neurological disorders
- Any medical condition impacting the ability to participate in maximal exercise
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| LONG and SHORT Resistance TrainingOne side of the body will be randomly assigned to perform exercises in position 3 (LONG) with the other randomly assigned to position 2 (SHORT) of Prime Fitness horizontal shoulder adduction, horizontal shoulder abduction, shoulder abduction and hip extension. Each exercise will include 1 warm up set at 50% 1RM followed by 4-5 sets of 8-12 repetitions per limb. 2 minutes of rest between sets on the same side of body will be administered as the participant will alternate between the right and left limb. The left and right side limbs will alternate each session in which one starts each exercise, resulting in 10 training sessions each where the left and right limbs starts first on each exercise. All sets will be performed to momentary failure. A Dynamic Double Progression will be employed to ensure intensity is maintained. | Other | SHORT and LONG Training Protocol |
| Maximal Isotonic Strength Testing (1RM)Each limb will perform a 1RM strength test with each Prime Fitness machine training horizontal shoulder adduction, horizontal shoulder abduction, shoulder abduction and hip extension respectively. Each machine will be set to position 1 (maximal load in mid-range). Testing will occur in weeks 1 and 12 of the study with the non-dominant arm and leg tested before the dominant arm and leg in each exercise. Participants self-selects first warm up set with a weight that is performed between 6-10 repetitions on both limbs. Rest for 1 minute between limbs and subsequent set. A weight is then selected by research staff to perform 3 repetitions with based on previous set. Load is now increased until 1RM is achieved. Rest periods should remain at least 1 minute alternating between limbs, with 1RM being complete within 3-5 attempts. Participant will rest 2-5 minutes before starting testing on the next exercise. Repeat for all exercises. Use pre testing data to inform 1RM attempts for post testing. | Other | SHORT and LONG Training Protocol |
| Isokinetic Strength TestingParticipants will engage in isokinetic strength testing on the isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex) in weeks 1 and 12 for each of the four movements: Horizontal shoulder adduction, horizontal shoulder abduction, shoulder abduction and hip extension. Participants will perform each movement unilaterally. Participants will start with the non-dominant arm and leg for each movement. Each movement will be tested through A maximal active range of motion. Participants will complete 10 sub-maximal repetitions to allow familiarization each movement. After a 2-minute rest, participants will complete 3 maximal concentric and eccentric repetitions with 30 seconds rest at 30 degrees per second before the Biodex is reset for the next movement. | Other | SHORT and LONG Training Protocol |
| Muscle OxygenationDuring the first and last LONG and SHORT training session (visit 5 and visit 24), A near infrared spectroscopy sensor (NIRS device) (Trainred) will be affixed to the muscle belly of the deltoid during the lateral raise exercise to measure muscle oxygenation. | Other | SHORT and LONG Training Protocol |
Primary outcome
Muscle Volume
Time frame: From enrolment to the end of the intervention at 12 weeks
Muscle volume of the pectoralis major, deltoid and gluteus maximus muscle will be measured by cross sectional area (CSA) via Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The entire muscle length will be imaged and images at 25%, 50% and 75% of the entire muscle length will be analyzed to calculate CSA and any regional differences in hypertrophy.
3 secondary outcomes
Isotonic Strength testing
Time frame: Initial testing in week 1 and final testing in week 12
Isokinetic Strength Testing
Time frame: Initial testing in week 1 and final testing in week 12
Muscle Oxygenation
Time frame: Week 2 and week 11.
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 8 Nov 2024.
- Background: PubMed 35819335Maeo S, Wu Y, Huang M, Sakurai H, Kusagawa Y, Sugiyama T, Kanehisa H, Isaka T. Triceps brachii hypertrophy is substantially greater after elbow extension training performed in the overhead versus neutral arm position. Eur J Sport Sci. 2023 Jul;23(7):1240-1250. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2100279. Epub 2022 Aug 11.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Dr. Cameron Mitchell principal investigator
University of British Columbia, School of Kinesiology
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing LONG and SHORT Resistance Training, Maximal Isotonic Strength Testing (1RM) and Isokinetic Strength Testing in people with Muscle Hypertrophy and Muscular Strength, run by University of British Columbia at 1 site in Canada.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 12 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 8 Nov 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Canada. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Muscle Volume (time frame: From enrolment to the end of the intervention at 12 weeks). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06666127, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 8 Nov 2024.