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BehaviorCoVaNCT06908447

Cold Water and Decision-Making

A study testing Cold-water immersion in people with Behavior and Stress, run by German Institute of Human Nutrition at 1 site in Germany.

Recruiting

Looking for participants now. Contact the study team or a site below to ask about taking part.

Sites and contacts
Official record
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Trial summary

The behavioral within-subject cross-over design study "CoVa" aims to investigate the effect of a short-term full-body cold-water immersion vs. warm-water immersion control on value-based choice, psychological well-being, and peripheral physiology. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 to 40 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
Conditions the study is for
Behavior, Stress, Quality of Life
What is being tested?
Cold-water immersion
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
40 participants
Where
1 siteGermany
Study dates
28 Aug 2025to 31 Dec 2026
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
Not yet: the study is under way

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 to 40 years
  • All sexes
  • Healthy volunteers accepted
  • Adult

Who may be able to join

  • 18-40 years of age
  • Consent to participate
  • Fluency in German
  • Physically and mentally healthy
  • BMI 18-30 kg/m2
  • Normal day-night rhythm

Who cannot join

  • Raynaud syndrome
  • Cold urticaria
  • High resting heart rate (>160 beats per minute)
  • Acute infection
  • Diagnosed current or former illnesses of
  • Brain and mind
Show all 23Show fewer
  • Heart and blood circulation
  • Gastrointestinal system
  • Endocrine system
  • Other serious past or present medical conditions
  • Wearing of medical devices (e.g., pacemaker)
  • Fear of blood, needles, or phlebotomy
  • Allergies to plasters, gels, and other medical equipment
  • Allergies to commercially available liquid meals (e.g., shakes, yfood Labs GmbH)
  • Recurrent intake of medication which affect metabolism
  • Regular nicotine consumption (e.g., vaping, cigarettes)
  • Excessive alcohol consumption (>14 servings/week)
  • Recent illegal drug consumption (within 2 weeks prior)
  • Strong mental or physical stress
  • Excessive exercise (>2 h high-intensity exercise/day)
  • Pregnancy or breastfeeding
  • Inability to wear skin-exposing swimwear, e.g., for religious reasons
  • Affinity for winter swimming, cryotherapy, breathwork (>3 times/year)

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.

Trust Centre of the Human Study Centre Recruitment Officer contact

+4933200 882753

CoVa-Studie@dife.de

Germany1 site, 1 recruiting
  • German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke

    Nuthetal

    Recruitment Officer, +4933200 882753, CoVa-Studie@dife.de

    Recruiting

Other trials in Germany

About this study

Official title: Voluntary Cold-Water Immersion Effects on Value-Based Choice

The behavioral within-subject cross-over design study "CoVa" aims to investigate the effect of a short-term full-body cold-water immersion vs. warm-water immersion control on value-based choice, psychological well-being, and peripheral physiology.

Read the detailed description

This randomized within-subject cross-over design behavioral study in cognitive neuroscience will employ an acute peripheral physiological intervention, i.e., a 10-minute full-body cold-water (10-16°C) immersion vs. a control condition (10 min @ 30- 36°C water) on two visits separated by approx. 30 days.

Forty eligible female and male participants will be subject to a head-out full-body cold-water immersion or a warm-water condition (control) on two visits. Participants will perform resting-state and task-based non-invasive electrophysiological recordings of the heart, pulse, respiration, skin conductance, and pupil, will undergo thermographic imaging, pre- and post-immersion blood sampling (4 time points), engage in two computer-based decision-making tasks (reinforcement learning task, risk decision-making task), a brief food choice task, and receive a battery of psychometric questionnaires. The visits are separated by approximately 30 days and do not differ in their timeline except for the primary intervention, i.e., cold vs warm-water immersion, and the medical screening on visit 1.

Being tested
Cold-water immersion, Warm-water immersion (Control)
Keywords
Decision-Making, Psychology, Stress, Cold-Exposure, Cold-Water Immersion
Medical subject headings
Behavior

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • Cold-water immersionBehavioural

    Single 10-minute acute full-body head-out single arm-out cold-water immersion at 10-16°C on the experimental day

  • Warm-water immersion (Control)Behavioural

    Single 10-minute acute full-body head-out single arm-out cold-water immersion at 30-36°C on the experimental day

Study groups in NCT06908447
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Cold-water immersionExperimentalNot described
Receives: Behavioral: Cold-water immersion
Warm-water immersion (Control)ExperimentalNot described
Receives: Behavioral: Warm-water immersion (Control)

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Risk propensity

    Risk propensity, i.e., the ratio between risky and non-risky choices for each monetary value as measured in the risk decision-making task in the cold-water vs warm-water condition as described in Liu et al. (2021)

    Measured: On day 1 and after 30 days

  2. Behavioral range adaptation

    Participants will perform a computer-based reinforcement learning task described in Gueguen et al. (2024) to assess reward sensitivity in different monetary contexts. Behavioral range adaptation, which reflects value range-dependent, relative reward valuation, may be altered if reward processing itself is changed through a potent shift in the physiological state. To test whether reward processing is altered after cold vs warm water exposure, the extent to which range adaptation and reference-point centering occurs will be quantified using computational modeling methods.

    Measured: On day 1 and after 30 days

  3. Food choice

    Participants will be provided an ad libitum restaurant-like breakfast meal during which they can order various food items (e.g., bread, yogurts, cookies) in the desired amount. The ingested food type, nutritional value, and amount will be quantified to assess food preference after cold vs warm water exposure by linking the consumed food with a standardized food database (German Nutrient Database, Bundeslebensmittelschlüssel).

    Measured: On day 1 and after 30 days

  4. Heart-rate variability

    Task-based and resting-state heart-rate variability, measured with a three-point electrocardiogram (ECG)

    Measured: On day 1 and after 30 days

  5. Heart rate

    Task-based and resting-state heart rate, measured with ECG

    Measured: On day 1 and after 30 days

  6. Respiration rate

    Task-based and resting-state respiration rate, measured via a respiration belt

    Measured: On day 1 and after 30 days

  7. Relative amplitude of the respiratory signal

    Task-based and resting-state relative respiratory amplitude, measured via a respiratory belt

    Measured: On day 1 and after 30 days

  8. Event-related skin conductance responses

    Phasic electrodermal activity, measured via electrodermal activity (EDA) electrodes

    Measured: On day 1 and after 30 days

  9. Tonic skin conductance

    Tonic task-based and resting-state electrodermal activity, measured with EDA electrodes

    Measured: On day 1 and after 30 days

  10. Pupil dilation

    Task-based and resting-state pupil dilation, measured via eye-tracking

    Measured: On day 1 and after 30 days

  11. Skin temperature

    Thermographic imaging of the face, full-body, supraclavicular, and scapular area using a thermal camera pre-, during, and post-immersion

    Measured: On day 1 and after 30 days

  12. Plasma concentration of large neutral amino acids

    Large neutral amino acid (LNAA) plasma concentration will be assessed via blood sampling at 4 time points (pre-immersion to 120 min post-immersion)

    Measured: On day 1 and after 30 days

  13. Plasma concentration of catecholamines

    Catecholamines via blood sampling at 4 time points (pre-immersion to 120 min post-immersion)

    Measured: On day 1 and after 30 days

  14. Plasma concentration of cortisol

    Cortisol via blood sampling at 4 time points (pre-immersion to 120 min post-immersion)

    Measured: On day 1 and after 30 days

  15. Identification of epigenetic markers associated with acute cold exposure

    Epigenetic markers (micro-RNA) via blood sampling at 4 time points (pre-immersion to 120 min post-immersion)

    Measured: On day 1 and after 30 days

  16. Perceived control

    Psychological changes in perceived control, measured semi-continuously via self-reports throughout the experimental day. Measures range from 0% (not at all) to 100% (very much) with 100% indicating high perceived control.

    Measured: On day 1 and after 30 days

  17. Perceived freedom

    Psychological changes in perceived freedom, measured semi-continuously via self-reports throughout the experimental day. Measures range from 0% (not at all) to 100% (very much) with 100% indicating high perceived freedom.

    Measured: On day 1 and after 30 days

  18. Perceived stress

    Psychological changes in perceived stress, measured semi-continuously via self-reports throughout the experimental day. Measures range from 0% (not at all) to 100% (very much) with 100% indicating high perceived stress.

    Measured: On day 1 and after 30 days

  19. State of flow

    Psychological changes in perceived state of flow, measured semi-continuously via self-reports throughout the experimental day. Measures range from 0% (not at all) to 100% (very much) with 100% indicating a high state of flow.

    Measured: On day 1 and after 30 days

  20. Self-efficacy

    Psychological changes in self-efficacy, measured semi-continuously via self-reports throughout the experimental day. Measures range from 0% (not at all) to 100% (very much) with 100% indicating high self-efficacy.

    Measured: On day 1 and after 30 days

  21. Perceived pain

    Psychological changes in perceived pain, measured semi-continuously via self-reports throughout the experimental day. Measures range from 0% (not at all) to 100% (very much) with 100% indicating high perceived pain.

    Measured: On day 1 and after 30 days

  22. Emotions

    Psychological changes in emotions and their bodily origins, measured via self-reports pre- and post-immersion. Measures will be drawn on a virtual body using an adapted version of the Nummenmaa et al. (2014) emBODY tool with red color indicating increased perception and blue indicating decreased perception.

    Measured: On day 1 and after 30 days

  23. Positive affect and negative affect questionnaire

    Psychological changes in affect, measured semi-continuously via the Positive Affect Negative Affect (PANAS) questionnaire to be filled out pre- and post-immersion. Measures for each item range from 1 (not at all) to 5 (very much) with 5 indicating the highest feeling perceived at the moment.

    Measured: On day 1 and after 30 days

Secondary outcomes (8)
  1. Trait autonomy questionnaire

    Trait autonomy is assessed via the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS). Measures range from 1 (not at all true) to 5 (totally true) with 5 indicating the highest score.

    Measured: On day 1 and after 30 days

  2. Emotion regulation questionnaire

    Emotion regulation, assessed via the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). Measures range from 1 (not at all true) to 7 (totally true) with 7 indicating the highest score.

    Measured: On day 1 and after 30 days

  3. Causality orientation questionnaire

    Causality orientation, assessed via the General Causality Orientations Scale (GCOS). Measures range from 1 (very unlikely) to 6 (very likely) with 6 indicating the highest probability of responding as the item describes in the vignette scenario.

    Measured: On day 1 and after 30 days

  4. Delay discounting questionnaire

    Delay discounting is assessed via the Delay Discounting Test by Kirby. Response options to each item are binary with one option corresponding to an immediate reward (e.g., 14 EUR today) and the second option corresponding to a higher but delayed reward (e.g., 19 EUR in 60 days).

    Measured: On day 1 and after 30 days

  5. Interoceptive awareness questionnaire

    Interoceptive awareness, assessed via the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA) questionnaire. Measures range from 0 (never) to 5 (always) with 5 indicating the highest response.

    Measured: On day 1 and after 30 days

  6. Generalized self-efficacy questionnaire

    Generalized self-efficacy, assessed via the Self-Efficacy Scale (SWE). Measures range from "not at all true", "hardly true", "moderately true" and "exactly true". A higher score, indicated by a preference for "exactly true", indicated more self-efficacy.

    Measured: On day 1 and after 30 days

  7. Trait and state anxiety questionnaire

    Trait and state anxiety, assessed via the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S and STAI-T). State anxiety is assessed on a scale from 1 (not at all) to 8 (very much) with a higher score indicating high state anxiety. Trait anxiety is assessed on a scale from 0 (almost never) to 3 (almost always) with a higher score indicating high trait anxiety.

    Measured: On day 1 and after 30 days

  8. Well-being questionnaire

    Psychological well-being is assessed via the short version of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (SWEMWBS). Responses range from "never" to "always" on a 5-point scale with a high score indicating higher mental well-being in the past two weeks.

    Measured: On day 1 and after 30 days

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted3 Apr 2025
  2. Study start28 Aug 2025
  3. Primary completion31 Dec 2026 (estimated)
  4. Study completion31 Dec 2026 (estimated)

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Basic science
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Crossover
Masking
None (open label)
Enrolment
40 participants (estimated)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT06908447
Sponsor's protocol ID
CoVa
Other IDs
01GP2210C
Acronym
CoVa
Status last verified
Sep 2025
First submitted
18 Mar 2025
Last updated
21 Apr 2026
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing Cold-water immersion in people with Behavior and Stress, run by German Institute of Human Nutrition at 1 site in Germany.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 23 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 21 Apr 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in Germany. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

Contact Trust Centre of the Human Study Centre Recruitment Officer (+4933200 882753, CoVa-Studie@dife.de), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Risk propensity (time frame: On day 1 and after 30 days). The study lists 23 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 21 Apr 2026.

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