Nursing StudentsNCT06928831
The Effect of Teaching Methods on Urinary Catheterization
A study testing Experimental in people with Nursing Students, run by Inonu University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of flipped learning and mobile learning methods on nursing students' urinary catheterization application knowledge, skills and self-efficacy level. Material and Method: The study was conducted as a pretest-posttest randomized controlled experimental research model. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Nursing Students
- What is being tested?
- Experimental
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 92 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Jun 2023to 1 Apr 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Being 18 or over
- To be enrolled in the 1st year of nursing,
- To receive training on urinary system applications for the first time,
- To have no physical disabilities related to vision, hearing and motor skills,
- To have a smart mobile phone with Android/IOS operating system,
- To volunteer to participate in the study.
Who cannot join
- Repeating the course,
- Not having a smart mobile phone with Android / IOS operating system,
- Not volunteering to participate in the research.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: The Effect of Flipped Learning and Mobile Teaching Methods on Urinary Catheterization Application Knowledge, Skills and Self-Efficient Level of Nursing Students:Randomized Controlled Trial
Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of flipped learning and mobile learning methods on nursing students' urinary catheterization application knowledge, skills and self-efficacy level.
Material and Method: The study was conducted as a pretest-posttest randomized controlled experimental research model. It was conducted between June 2023 and April 2025 at Inonu University Faculty of Nursing. The population of the study consisted of all first-year students studying in the department of nursing. The sample consisted of 92 students (Group flipped learning: 30, Group mobile application: 32 and Group control: 30) determined by power analysis. "Individual introduction form", 'Urinary system applications skill evaluation form', 'Knowledge test for urinary system applications' and 'Student self-efficacy scale' were used to collect the data. During the research process, students in the experimental groups were taught with flipped learning and mobile learning methods for two weeks. Students in the control group continued the routine theoretical and practical process.
Read the detailed description
The Flipped Learning method combines online (prior knowledge acquisition) and face-to-face (learning practices) techniques to offer a learning environment in which the educator takes on a guiding role and the learners are actively engaged in learning experiences. Mobile learning method, on the other hand, provides individualised learning opportunities, enabling students to access educational materials anytime and anywhere and to gain self-managed learning skills. Since this method provides individualised learning opportunities and increases educator-learner interaction, its use in education is becoming increasingly widespread. In this study, both methods were evaluated together and their effects on the development of nursing students' competencies for urinary system practices were evaluated.
Translated with DeepL.com (free version)
- Conditions
- Nursing Students
- Being tested
- Experimental
- Keywords
- Nursing students,, Mobile learning,, Flipped learning,, Self-Efficacy,, Urinary Catheterization
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
ExperimentalOther
Course materials were shared with the students in the flipped group one week before the theoretical lesson. Google Classroom platform was used so that students could easily access these materials and repeat them at any time and frequency they wanted. A link and QR code were shared with the students to log in to the system. The frequency of downloading and watching the course materials was monitored by the researcher. Next week, the theoretical course was taught in line with the flipped learning model.
ExperimentalOther
The link to the mobile application developed for mobile learning was shared with the students in this group. Students were given 2 weeks to use the application, and students had the opportunity to read and watch the content in the application at any time and frequency they wanted.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Experimetal 1 | Experimental | Flipped learning Receives: Other: Experimental |
| Experimetal 2 | Experimental | Mobil learning Receives: Other: Experimental |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Efeect of knowledge level
For the pre-test data, 'Individual Introduction Form' and 'Knowledge Test on Urinary System Practices' were given to the students and they were asked to fill them in.
At the end of 2 weeks, the 'Knowledge Test for Urinary System Practices' was applied again at the end of the 2nd week to see the change in the knowledge levels of the students who were trained with different teaching methods for 2 weeks. There were 25 questions in the knowledge test and 8 experts in the field of nursing were consulted for the questions.
Measured: 2 weeks later
Effect of psychomotor skills
In order to evaluate the psychomotor skill level of the students in the groups, the researcher and the independent observer evaluated the urinary system application skills of each student individually and filled out the 'Urinary System Applications Skill Evaluation Form'. The skill evaluation process of each student lasted 10-15 minutes.
Skill checklists were developed to evaluate the skill performance of students on urinary system applications. Skill checklists are step-by-step checklists showing the skills expected to be performed by students and were prepared by reviewing the relevant current literature.
Measured: 2 weeks later
Effect of Self-Efficacy
The validity-reliability analysis of the scale developed by Rowbotham and Schmitz to determine the self-efficacy levels of students on nursing students was conducted by Yurtçiçek Eren and Başgöl in 2023. Permission was obtained from the authors for the use of the scale. The scale is four-point Likert-type and has one sub-dimension. The scoring of the scale is '1' Strongly Disagree, '4' Strongly Agree. A score between 10 and 40 can be obtained from the scale, and higher scores indicate an increased sense of self-efficacy.
Measured: 2 weeks later
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted15 Apr 2025
- Study start1 Jun 2023
- Primary completion30 Jun 2023
- Study completion1 Apr 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Nursing StudentsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Model description
- Randomized controlled trial
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 92 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Inonu University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Hakime Aslan, Inonu University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06928831
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Ozan Konateke
- Status last verified
- Apr 2025
- First submitted
- 8 Apr 2025
- Last updated
- 24 Apr 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Gulec HY, Aslan H. The effect of conscience perception on job satisfaction and care behaviours in nurses. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2024 Jun;50:49-59. doi: 10.1016/j.apnu.2024.03.008. Epub 2024 Mar 11.
PubMed 38789233
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 24 Apr 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Flipped Learning and Mobile Teaching Methods on Urinary Catheterization Application Knowledge, Skills and Self-Efficient Level of Nursing Students:Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06928831
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Ozan Konateke
- Conditions
- Nursing Students
- Keywords
- Nursing students,, Mobile learning,, Flipped learning,, Self-Efficacy,, Urinary Catheterization
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 92 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Inonu UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Jun 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Jun 2023 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Apr 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 15 Apr 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of flipped learning and mobile learning methods on nursing students' urinary catheterization application knowledge, skills and self-efficacy level.
Material and Method: The study was conducted as a pretest-posttest randomized controlled experimental research model. It was conducted between June 2023 and April 2025 at Inonu University Faculty of Nursing. The population of the study consisted of all first-year students studying in the department of nursing. The sample consisted of 92 students (Group flipped learning: 30, Group mobile application: 32 and Group control: 30) determined by power analysis. "Individual introduction form", 'Urinary system applications skill evaluation form', 'Knowledge test for urinary system applications' and 'Student self-efficacy scale' were used to collect the data. During the research process, students in the experimental groups were taught with flipped learning and mobile learning methods for two weeks. Students in the control group continued the routine theoretical and practical process.
Detailed description
The Flipped Learning method combines online (prior knowledge acquisition) and face-to-face (learning practices) techniques to offer a learning environment in which the educator takes on a guiding role and the learners are actively engaged in learning experiences. Mobile learning method, on the other hand, provides individualised learning opportunities, enabling students to access educational materials anytime and anywhere and to gain self-managed learning skills. Since this method provides individualised learning opportunities and increases educator-learner interaction, its use in education is becoming increasingly widespread. In this study, both methods were evaluated together and their effects on the development of nursing students' competencies for urinary system practices were evaluated.
Translated with DeepL.com (free version)
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Randomized controlled trial
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Experimetal 1 | Experimental | Other: ExperimentalFlipped learning |
| Experimetal 2 | Experimental | Other: ExperimentalMobil learning |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Being 18 or over
- To be enrolled in the 1st year of nursing,
- To receive training on urinary system applications for the first time,
- To have no physical disabilities related to vision, hearing and motor skills,
- To have a smart mobile phone with Android/IOS operating system,
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Repeating the course,
- Not having a smart mobile phone with Android / IOS operating system,
- Not volunteering to participate in the research.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| ExperimentalCourse materials were shared with the students in the flipped group one week before the theoretical lesson. Google Classroom platform was used so that students could easily access these materials and repeat them at any time and frequency they wanted. A link and QR code were shared with the students to log in to the system. The frequency of downloading and watching the course materials was monitored by the researcher. Next week, the theoretical course was taught in line with the flipped learning model. | Other | Experimetal 1 |
| ExperimentalThe link to the mobile application developed for mobile learning was shared with the students in this group. Students were given 2 weeks to use the application, and students had the opportunity to read and watch the content in the application at any time and frequency they wanted. | Other | Experimetal 2 |
Primary outcome
Efeect of knowledge level
Time frame: 2 weeks later
For the pre-test data, 'Individual Introduction Form' and 'Knowledge Test on Urinary System Practices' were given to the students and they were asked to fill them in. At the end of 2 weeks, the 'Knowledge Test for Urinary System Practices' was applied again at the end of the 2nd week to see the change in the knowledge levels of the students who were trained with different teaching methods for 2 weeks. There were 25 questions in the knowledge test and 8 experts in the field of nursing were consulted for the questions.
Effect of psychomotor skills
Time frame: 2 weeks later
In order to evaluate the psychomotor skill level of the students in the groups, the researcher and the independent observer evaluated the urinary system application skills of each student individually and filled out the 'Urinary System Applications Skill Evaluation Form'. The skill evaluation process of each student lasted 10-15 minutes. Skill checklists were developed to evaluate the skill performance of students on urinary system applications. Skill checklists are step-by-step checklists showing the skills expected to be performed by students and were prepared by reviewing the relevant current literature.
Effect of Self-Efficacy
Time frame: 2 weeks later
The validity-reliability analysis of the scale developed by Rowbotham and Schmitz to determine the self-efficacy levels of students on nursing students was conducted by Yurtçiçek Eren and Başgöl in 2023. Permission was obtained from the authors for the use of the scale. The scale is four-point Likert-type and has one sub-dimension. The scoring of the scale is '1' Strongly Disagree, '4' Strongly Agree. A score between 10 and 40 can be obtained from the scale, and higher scores indicate an increased sense of self-efficacy.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 24 Apr 2025.
- Results publication: PubMed 38789233Gulec HY, Aslan H. The effect of conscience perception on job satisfaction and care behaviours in nurses. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2024 Jun;50:49-59. doi: 10.1016/j.apnu.2024.03.008. Epub 2024 Mar 11.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Experimental in people with Nursing Students, run by Inonu University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 24 Apr 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Efeect of knowledge level (time frame: 2 weeks later). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06928831, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 24 Apr 2025; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 27 Oct 2026.