Vaccine RefusalNCT06988969
Predicting Vaccine Hesitancy Using Machine Learning
An observational study of Vaccine Refusal and Vaccine Hesitancy, run by University of Yalova at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
In recent years, emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Virtual Reality (VR) have rapidly become integrated into daily life. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 65 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Vaccine Refusal, Vaccine Hesitancy, Machine Learning
- Type of treatment
- Vaccines
- How many people
- 461 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 2 Jul 2025to 1 Jun 2026
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: No sample size calculation was performed in this study. Between June 2025 and September 2025, all parents of children aged 0-4 years who met the inclusion criteria and could be reached with the questionnaires were included in the study. Snowball sampling method will be used to reach the parents. The study population consists of parents who have children aged 0-4 years, possess proficiency in understanding and reading the Turkish language, and can be accessed via social media platforms using technological devices.
Who may be able to join
- Parents who meet the following criteria will be included in the study:
- Have proficiency in understanding and reading the Turkish language,
- Are able to use technological devices such as mobile phones or computers to access social media platforms (Participants used social media platforms such as Instagram and WhatsApp to communicate) via the internet,
- Are 18 years of age or older,
- Have children aged 0-4 years,
- Consent to participate in the study,
- Have children without any absolute contraindications to vaccination.
Who cannot join
- Parents of high-risk infants (such as those with a history of systemic illness, preterm labor, anomalies, etc.),
- Parents who are unwilling to participate in the study will be excluded.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Factors Influencing Vaccine Hesitancy Among Parents of Children Aged 0-48 Months: A Machine Learning Prediction
In recent years, emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Virtual Reality (VR) have rapidly become integrated into daily life. The widespread use of these applications has led to the accumulation of vast amounts of data, giving rise to what is commonly referred to as "Big Data." Due to the sheer volume, manual processing and analysis of these large datasets are not feasible. Therefore, software tools and libraries-such as Python and R libraries-have been developed to perform these analyses efficiently and to generate predictions for the future by leveraging historical data through Machine Learning (ML) algorithms.
The primary goal of machine learning algorithms is to discover patterns within existing data and use these patterns to make accurate predictions on new data. The use of machine learning in the field of healthcare has gained significant momentum in recent years. However, a review of the literature reveals that research specifically addressing childhood vaccine hesitancy remains limited.
This study aims to identify the factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy among parents of children aged 0-48 months and to develop a predictive model using machine learning techniques based on these factors. Such a model could help anticipate the likelihood of vaccine refusal among parents and thereby support the development of targeted public health strategies for at-risk populations.
- Conditions
- Vaccine Refusal, Vaccine Hesitancy, Machine Learning, Children
- Keywords
- Children, Vaccines, Hesitancy, Machine learning, Immunization, Parent
- Medical subject headings
- Vaccination Refusal, Vaccination Hesitancy
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Parents of children aged 0-48 months | Parents who meet the following criteria will be included in the study: those who have proficiency in understanding and reading the Turkish language; are 18 years of age or older; have children aged 0-4 years; are able to use technological devices such as mobile phones or computers to access social media platforms (Participants used social media platforms such as Instagram and WhatsApp to communicate) via the internet; consent to participate in the study; and whose children do not have any absolute contraindications for vaccination. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Parental Vaccine Hesitancy Status
The Vaccine Hesitancy Scale is a measurement tool designed to assess individuals' vaccine hesitancy or opposition. It consists of 21 items across 4 subscales and uses a 5-point Likert scale format. The four subscales of the scale are: Vaccine Benefit and Protective Value, Vaccine Opposition, Solutions for Avoiding Vaccination, and Justification of Vaccine Hesitancy. Higher scores on the scale indicate greater levels of vaccine hesitancy or opposition.
Measured: Day 1 (Parents will be sent the questionnaire and asked to respond promptly.)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted25 May 2025
- Study start2 Jul 2025
- Primary completion1 Mar 2026
- Study completion1 Jun 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Vaccine RefusalStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Enrolment
- 461 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Yalova
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Emel AVÇİN, University of Yalova
- Investigators
- EMEL AVÇİN, Assist Prof, Principal investigator, University of Yalova
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06988969
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Emel Avcin MLT
- Status last verified
- Jul 2026
- First submitted
- 17 May 2025
- Last updated
- 14 Jul 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 14 Jul 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Factors Influencing Vaccine Hesitancy Among Parents of Children Aged 0-48 Months: A Machine Learning Prediction
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06988969
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Emel Avcin MLT
- Conditions
- Vaccine Refusal, Vaccine Hesitancy, Machine Learning, Children
- Keywords
- Children, Vaccines, Hesitancy, Machine learning, Immunization, Parent
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 461 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of YalovaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 2 Jul 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Mar 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Jun 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 25 May 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
In recent years, emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Virtual Reality (VR) have rapidly become integrated into daily life. The widespread use of these applications has led to the accumulation of vast amounts of data, giving rise to what is commonly referred to as "Big Data." Due to the sheer volume, manual processing and analysis of these large datasets are not feasible. Therefore, software tools and libraries-such as Python and R libraries-have been developed to perform these analyses efficiently and to generate predictions for the future by leveraging historical data through Machine Learning (ML) algorithms.
The primary goal of machine learning algorithms is to discover patterns within existing data and use these patterns to make accurate predictions on new data. The use of machine learning in the field of healthcare has gained significant momentum in recent years. However, a review of the literature reveals that research specifically addressing childhood vaccine hesitancy remains limited.
This study aims to identify the factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy among parents of children aged 0-48 months and to develop a predictive model using machine learning techniques based on these factors. Such a model could help anticipate the likelihood of vaccine refusal among parents and thereby support the development of targeted public health strategies for at-risk populations.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Parents of children aged 0-48 months | – | –Parents who meet the following criteria will be included in the study: those who have proficiency in understanding and reading the Turkish language; are 18 years of age or older; have children aged 0-4 years; are able to use technological devices such as mobile phones or computers to access social media platforms (Participants used social media platforms such as Instagram and WhatsApp to communicate) via the internet; consent to participate in the study; and whose children do not have any absolute contraindications for vaccination. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- No sample size calculation was performed in this study. Between June 2025 and September 2025, all parents of children aged 0-4 years who met the inclusion criteria and could be reached with the questionnaires were included in the study. Snowball sampling method will be used to reach the parents. The study population consists of parents who have children aged 0-4 years, possess proficiency in understanding and reading the Turkish language, and can be accessed via social media platforms using technological devices.
Key inclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Have proficiency in understanding and reading the Turkish language,
- Are able to use technological devices such as mobile phones or computers to access social media platforms (Participants used social media platforms such as Instagram and WhatsApp to communicate) via the internet,
- Are 18 years of age or older,
- Have children aged 0-4 years,
- Consent to participate in the study,
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Parents of high-risk infants (such as those with a history of systemic illness, preterm labor, anomalies, etc.),
- Parents who are unwilling to participate in the study will be excluded.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
Parental Vaccine Hesitancy Status
Time frame: Day 1 (Parents will be sent the questionnaire and asked to respond promptly.)
The Vaccine Hesitancy Scale is a measurement tool designed to assess individuals' vaccine hesitancy or opposition. It consists of 21 items across 4 subscales and uses a 5-point Likert scale format. The four subscales of the scale are: Vaccine Benefit and Protective Value, Vaccine Opposition, Solutions for Avoiding Vaccination, and Justification of Vaccine Hesitancy. Higher scores on the scale indicate greater levels of vaccine hesitancy or opposition.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 14 Jul 2026.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
EMEL AVÇİN, Assist Prof principal investigator
University of Yalova
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Vaccine Refusal and Vaccine Hesitancy, run by University of Yalova at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 7 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 14 Jul 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Parental Vaccine Hesitancy Status (time frame: Day 1 (Parents will be sent the questionnaire and asked to respond promptly.)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 14 Jul 2026.