Adult Spinal DeformityTDGKSEPDSDNCT07309926
Gait and Paraspinal sEMG in Degenerative Spinal Diseases
An observational study of Adult Spinal Deformity and Degenerative Scoliosis, run by Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing at 1 site in China.
Trial summary
This cross-sectional observational study aims to quantitatively compare three-dimensional gait parameters, surface electromyography (EMG) patterns, and radiological parameters among patients with different degenerative spinal conditions-including lumbar disc herniation (LDH), lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS), lumbar… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 60 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Adult Spinal Deformity, Degenerative Scoliosis, Sagittal Deformity
- What is being tested?
- Gait analysis and surface electromyography analysis
- How many people
- 120 participants
- Where
- 1 siteChina
- Study dates
- 10 Dec 2025to 1 Dec 2029
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 60 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: This study included patients who required surgical treatment at the Spine Research Center for the Elderly at Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University in Beijing, China, as well as healthy volunteers collected in the outpatient clinic.
Who may be able to join
- Patients with the following single disease: degenerative scoliosis, coronal imbalance, lumbar spinal stenosis, lumbar disc herniation, spinal cord-type cervical spondylosis;
- Age ≥ 60 years, regardless of gender;
- Planned to undergo elective open spinal fusion surgery;
- Voluntarily participate in the study, understand and agree to the study content, and sign the informed consent form.
Who cannot join
- History of previous spinal surgery;
- Combined with other neuromuscular diseases (such as Parkinson's disease), inflammatory diseases (such as ankylosing spondylitis), infectious diseases (such as spinal tuberculosis), sepsis, tumors, or lower limb joint diseases that may cause low back and lower limb pain, affecting physical activity;
- Suffering from severe cardiovascular, cerebral, liver, or kidney disease;
- Suffering from mental illness, dementia, or unable to cooperate to complete clinical research.
- Skin rupture in the waist;
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Zuoran Fan contact
China1 site
Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University
Beijing, Beijing Municipality, 100053
Zuoran Fan, +8615215486056, fzr15215486056@163.com
About this study
Official title: Comparative Analysis of Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters and Paraspinal Surface Electromyography Parameters in Degenerative Spinal Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Motion Capture and Electromyographic Ensemble Averaging
This cross-sectional observational study aims to quantitatively compare three-dimensional gait parameters, surface electromyography (EMG) patterns, and radiological parameters among patients with different degenerative spinal conditions-including lumbar disc herniation (LDH), lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS), lumbar sagittal imbalance (LSI), degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS), and cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM)-alongside a healthy control group. The analysis focuses on spatiotemporal gait characteristics (step length, stride length, cadence), lower limb kinematics and kinetics (hip/knee/ankle joint angles, moments, and powers during stance and swing phases), and surface EMG amplitudes (thoracic erector spinae, multifidus, gluteus maximus, and rectus abdominis muscles) during standardized walking tasks. Additionally, radiological parameters (e.g., pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis mismatch, C2-C7 sagittal vertical axis, coronal Cobb angle) will be correlated with gait and muscle activation deviations. The study employs motion capture systems, force plates, and high-density EMG to objectively differentiate disease-specific movement impairments. Findings from this study may establish biomechanical and neuromuscular signatures for each degenerative condition, providing a framework for personalized rehabilitation strategies, gait retraining, and surgical outcome assessment in spinal disorders. Comparative analysis with healthy controls will further elucidate pathological alterations in gait and muscle recruitment patterns caused by degenerative spinal diseases.
- Conditions
- Adult Spinal Deformity, Degenerative Scoliosis, Sagittal Deformity, Sagittal Imbalance, Coronal Vertical Axis, Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
- Being tested
- Gait analysis and surface electromyography analysis
- Medical subject headings
- Spinal Stenosis, Intervertebral Disc Displacement
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Gait analysis and surface electromyography analysisOther
A comprehensive motion analysis system was employed to assess biomechanical parameters during functional tasks. Ground reaction forces (GRFs) were measured using an instrumented force plate, while muscle activation patterns were recorded via surface electromyography (sEMG). Three-dimensional kinematic data were concurrently captured using motion-capture cameras. The standardized testing protocol consisted of: (1) quiet standing (30-second trial) and (2) three consecutive back-and-forth walking cycles (5-meter walkway), enabling the quantification of both static postural control and dynamic gait characteristics.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Degenerative Scoliosis Group | This group comprised elderly patients (>60 years old) diagnosed with degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) (Cobb angle >20°). Patients were excluded if they had concurrent neurological disorders, other spinal pathologies, or lower limb conditions that could influence gait mechanics. Additionally, individuals with a history of spinal or lower limb surgery were also excluded to minimize confounding factors. Receives: Other: Gait analysis and surface electromyography analysis | |
| Sagittal Imbalance Group | This group comprised elderly patients (>60 years old) diagnosed with sagittal imbalance (PI-LL >20° , SVA > 4cm or PT > 20°). Patients were excluded if they had concurrent neurological disorders, other spinal pathologies, or lower limb conditions that could influence gait mechanics. Additionally, individuals with a history of spinal or lower limb surgery were also excluded to minimize confounding factors. Receives: Other: Gait analysis and surface electromyography analysis | |
| lumbar spinal stenosis Group | This group comprised elderly patients (≥60 years old) clinically diagnosed with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) through radiographic findings and symptomatology. Exclusion criteria encompassed: (1) concurrent neurological disorders (e.g., peripheral neuropathy, cerebrovascular disease); (2) comorbid spinal pathologies (e.g., degenerative scoliosis, spondylolisthesis); (3) lower extremity conditions potentially impacting gait biomechanics (e.g., severe osteoarthritis, prior arthroplasty); and (4) any history of spinal or lower limb surgical interventions, thereby minimizing potential confounders. Receives: Other: Gait analysis and surface electromyography analysis | |
| Lumbar disc herniation Group | This group comprised elderly patients (≥60 years old) clinically diagnosed with Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) through radiographic findings and symptomatology. Exclusion criteria encompassed: (1) concurrent neurological disorders (e.g., peripheral neuropathy, cerebrovascular disease); (2) comorbid spinal pathologies (e.g., degenerative scoliosis, spondylolisthesis); (3) lower extremity conditions potentially impacting gait biomechanics (e.g., severe osteoarthritis, prior arthroplasty); and (4) any history of spinal or lower limb surgical interventions, thereby minimizing potential confounders. Receives: Other: Gait analysis and surface electromyography analysis | |
| Cervical Spondylosis with Myelopathy Group | This group comprised elderly patients (≥60 years old) clinically diagnosed with Cervical Spondylosis with Myelopathy Group through radiographic findings and symptomatology. Exclusion criteria encompassed: (1) concurrent neurological disorders (e.g., peripheral neuropathy, cerebrovascular disease); (2) comorbid spinal pathologies (e.g., degenerative scoliosis, spondylolisthesis); (3) lower extremity conditions potentially impacting gait biomechanics (e.g., severe osteoarthritis, prior arthroplasty); and (4) any history of spinal or lower limb surgical interventions, thereby minimizing potential confounders. Receives: Other: Gait analysis and surface electromyography analysis | |
| Healthy Volunteer Group | This group comprised healthy elderly patients (≥60 years old) . Exclusion criteria encompassed: (1) concurrent neurological disorders (e.g., peripheral neuropathy, cerebrovascular disease); (2) comorbid spinal pathologies (e.g., degenerative scoliosis, LSS, LDH, spondylolisthesis); (3) lower extremity conditions potentially impacting gait biomechanics (e.g., severe osteoarthritis, prior arthroplasty); and (4) any history of spinal or lower limb surgical interventions, thereby minimizing potential confounders. Receives: Other: Gait analysis and surface electromyography analysis |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Velocity
velocity refers to the distance traveled by the human body per unit time during walking and is one of the core parameters for evaluating dynamic gait characteristics.
Measured: one week before surgery
Cadence
Cadence is one of the core spatiotemporal parameters in three-dimensional gait analysis, referring to the number of steps per minute (Steps Per Minute, SPM), which reflects walking rhythm and movement efficiency.
Measured: one week before surgery
Stride time
In three-dimensional gait analysis, stride time refers to the time interval between two consecutive initial contacts of the same heel, representing the duration required to complete a full stride (unit: seconds). Its calculation encompasses both the stance phase and swing phase of a single lower limb, making it one of the core temporal parameters of the gait cycle.
Measured: one week before surgery
Stance time
Stance Time is one of the key spatiotemporal parameters in gait analysis, referring to the period from the initial contact of a single foot with the ground to its complete toe-off. It reflects the weight-bearing and stability performance of the lower limb during the walking cycle.
Measured: one week before surgery
Swing time
The swing phase is a stage in the gait cycle, referring to the time interval from when the foot leaves the ground (toe-off) to when the same foot touches the ground again (heel strike).
Measured: one week before surgery
Stance phase
The Stance Phase refers to the entire stage in the Gait Cycle when the foot is in contact with the ground, starting from Initial Contact (heel strike) and ending with Toe-Off (toe lift) of the same foot. It accounts for approximately 60%~65% of a normal gait cycle (reduced to about 40% during running).
Measured: one week before surgery
Swing phase
Swing Phase is a critical stage in the Gait Cycle, referring to the movement process from when the foot leaves the ground and swings forward until it makes contact with the ground again. During this phase, the lower limb completes actions such as acceleration and deceleration in the air, as well as preparing for the next support phase. In three-dimensional gait analysis, the Swing Phase is quantified using motion capture systems (such as marker points, force plates, and surface electromyography) to measure joint angles, muscle activity, and spatiotemporal parameters, providing objective data for clinical gait assessment.
Measured: one week before surgery
Single support phase
Single Support Phase is a critical stage in the Gait Cycle, referring to the period when one foot fully bears the body weight while the other lower limb is in the Swing Phase.
Measured: one week before surgery
Double support phase
The Double Support Phase is a crucial time stage in the gait cycle, referring to the moment during walking when both feet are simultaneously in contact with the ground. This phase holds significant importance in gait analysis, particularly in 3D Gait Analysis, where it is used to assess balance, gait stability, and neuromuscular control.
Measured: one week before surgery
Stride length
Stride Length refers to the horizontal distance between two consecutive points of contact by the same foot. It is a crucial parameter in gait analysis for evaluating the walking cycle, particularly significant in clinical rehabilitation, sports medicine, and biomechanics research.
Measured: one week before surgery
Step length
Step length refers to the horizontal distance between two consecutive ground contact points of the heel on the same side (i.e., the forward distance from the previous heel contact point to the next heel contact point when the left/right foot takes a step).
Measured: one week before surgery
Step Width
Step Width is a crucial parameter in Gait Analysis, used to quantify gait stability and balance control during human walking. It holds significant clinical value, particularly in fields such as neuromuscular disorders, fall risk assessment, and sports injury rehabilitation.
Measured: one week before surgery
Gait Deviation Index
The Gait Deviation Index is a standardized metric used to quantitatively assess the degree of gait abnormalities, calculated based on data from 3D motion analysis systems. It is widely applied in rehabilitation medicine, orthopedics, and neuroscience, particularly for gait analysis in patients with conditions such as cerebral palsy, stroke, and spinal cord injuries.
Measured: one week before surgery
Hip Range of Motion
Hip joint range of motion refers to the dynamic angular changes of the hip joint in three planes of movement, quantitatively measured using a motion capture system during three-dimensional gait analysis (3D Gait Analysis). It is a critical parameter for assessing gait abnormalities, hip joint function, and neuromuscular disorders.
Measured: one week before surgery
Knee Range of Motion
Knee range of motion refers to the dynamic movement range of the knee joint in the sagittal, coronal, and transverse planes quantitatively measured by a motion capture system during three-dimensional gait analysis. It is one of the core parameters for evaluating walking function, joint stability, and postoperative rehabilitation outcomes.
Measured: one week before surgery
Ankle Range of Motion
Ankle range of motion (AROM) refers to the dynamic movement range of the ankle joint during the gait cycle, typically quantified and assessed in three dimensions: the sagittal plane (flexion-extension), the coronal plane (inversion-eversion), and the horizontal plane (internal-external rotation). It holds significant importance for diagnosing gait abnormalities, monitoring rehabilitation outcomes, and surgical planning.
Measured: one week before surgery
Hip joint moment
Hip joint moment refers to the biomechanical load acting on the hip joint during the gait cycle, reflecting the mechanical balance of muscles, ligaments, and bones around the joint. In three-dimensional gait analysis, it is calculated using dynamic models, with units in newton-meters (N·m) or normalized to body weight multiples (N·m/kg).
Measured: one week before surgery
Knee joint moment
Knee joint moment is a key dynamic parameter in gait analysis, referring to the rotational force (torque) acting on the knee joint during walking or movement, which reflects the mechanical load state of the muscles, ligaments, and bones around the knee joint.
Measured: one week before surgery
Ankle joint moment
Ankle Joint Moment refers to the internal and external moments acting on the ankle joint in the sagittal, coronal, and horizontal planes, calculated through combined measurements using a 3D motion capture system and force plates during gait analysis. It reflects the dynamic load state of the muscles, ligaments, and skeletal structures surrounding the ankle joint.
Measured: one week before surgery
Average EMG
Average EMG (AEMG) refers to the average amplitude value of the electrical signals from the target muscle collected via surface electromyography (sEMG) after rectification and filtering during a gait cycle (or a specific time period) in three-dimensional gait analysis, reflecting the overall intensity of muscle activity.
Measured: one week before surgery
Integrated electromyography
The integrated electromyography (iEMG) is a quantitative metric in surface electromyography (sEMG) analysis, referring to the cumulative sum of EMG signal amplitudes over a specific time period, reflecting the overall intensity of muscle activity. In three-dimensional gait analysis, iEMG is commonly used to assess the synergistic activation patterns and fatigue levels of different muscles during the walking cycle.
Measured: one week before surgery
Root mean square
The root mean square (RMS) average of surface electromyography is a time-domain analysis method used in surface electromyography (sEMG) signal processing to quantify the electrical activity intensity of muscles during specific movements (such as walking or running).
Measured: one week before surgery
The maximum root mean square of surface electromyography
The maximum root mean square of surface electromyography (RMSmax) refers to the maximum activation intensity value (unit: μV or mV) of a specific muscle during the gait cycle, obtained by processing the muscle's electrical signals collected via surface electrodes using root mean square (RMS) analysis in three-dimensional gait analysis.
Measured: one week before surgery
Mean Power Frequency
Mean Power Frequency (MPF) is one of the key indicators in the frequency domain analysis of surface electromyography (sEMG), reflecting the main frequency energy distribution of motor unit action potentials (MUAPs) during muscle contraction. In 3D gait analysis, MPF is used to quantify muscle fatigue levels, neuromuscular control strategies, and functional movement states.
Measured: one week before surgery
Median Frequency
The median frequency of surface electromyography (sEMG) refers to the frequency point in the power spectrum where the total energy is divided into two equal parts (i.e., 50% of the energy lies above and below this frequency) through spectral analysis of the EMG signal (typically using Fast Fourier Transform, FFT).
Measured: one week before surgery
Secondary outcomes (2)
Visual Analogue Scale
VAS assessment uses a straight line or ruler about 10 centimeters long, with one end marked as 0 and the other as 10. 0 represents no pain, and 10 represents the most severe pain. The patient marks a point on the line according to their pain perception, and this point represents the patient's pain intensity.
Measured: one week before surgery
Oswestry disability index
The validated ODI is a self-administered questionnaire for evaluating back-specific functional disability, consisting of 10 items with scores from 0 to 5, and higher ODI indicates more severe disability.
Measured: one week before surgery
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted30 Dec 2025
- Study start10 Dec 2025 (estimated)
- Primary completion1 Dec 2028 (estimated)
- Study completion1 Dec 2029 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Adult Spinal DeformityStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Xuanwu Hospital, BeijingThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Enrolment
- 120 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07309926
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- xuanwu_DSD
- Acronym
- TDGKSEPDSD
- Status last verified
- May 2025
- First submitted
- 20 May 2025
- Last updated
- 30 Dec 2025
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 30 Dec 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparative Analysis of Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters and Paraspinal Surface Electromyography Parameters in Degenerative Spinal Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Motion Capture and Electromyographic Ensemble Averaging
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07309926
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- TDGKSEPDSD / xuanwu_DSD
- Conditions
- Adult Spinal Deformity, Degenerative Scoliosis, Sagittal Deformity, Sagittal Imbalance, Coronal Vertical Axis, Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrolment
- 120 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Xuanwu Hospital, BeijingUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 10 Dec 2025 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 1 Dec 2028 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 1 Dec 2029 (estimated)
- First posted
- 30 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This cross-sectional observational study aims to quantitatively compare three-dimensional gait parameters, surface electromyography (EMG) patterns, and radiological parameters among patients with different degenerative spinal conditions-including lumbar disc herniation (LDH), lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS), lumbar sagittal imbalance (LSI), degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS), and cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM)-alongside a healthy control group. The analysis focuses on spatiotemporal gait characteristics (step length, stride length, cadence), lower limb kinematics and kinetics (hip/knee/ankle joint angles, moments, and powers during stance and swing phases), and surface EMG amplitudes (thoracic erector spinae, multifidus, gluteus maximus, and rectus abdominis muscles) during standardized walking tasks. Additionally, radiological parameters (e.g., pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis mismatch, C2-C7 sagittal vertical axis, coronal Cobb angle) will be correlated with gait and muscle activation deviations. The study employs motion capture systems, force plates, and high-density EMG to objectively differentiate disease-specific movement impairments. Findings from this study may establish biomechanical and neuromuscular signatures for each degenerative condition, providing a framework for personalized rehabilitation strategies, gait retraining, and surgical outcome assessment in spinal disorders. Comparative analysis with healthy controls will further elucidate pathological alterations in gait and muscle recruitment patterns caused by degenerative spinal diseases.
Study design
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Number of arms
- 6
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Degenerative Scoliosis Group | – | Other: Gait analysis and surface electromyography analysisThis group comprised elderly patients (>60 years old) diagnosed with degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) (Cobb angle >20°). Patients were excluded if they had concurrent neurological disorders, other spinal pathologies, or lower limb conditions that could influence gait mechanics. Additionally, individuals with a history of spinal or lower limb surgery were also excluded to minimize confounding factors. |
| Sagittal Imbalance Group | – | Other: Gait analysis and surface electromyography analysisThis group comprised elderly patients (>60 years old) diagnosed with sagittal imbalance (PI-LL >20° , SVA > 4cm or PT > 20°). Patients were excluded if they had concurrent neurological disorders, other spinal pathologies, or lower limb conditions that could influence gait mechanics. Additionally, individuals with a history of spinal or lower limb surgery were also excluded to minimize confounding factors. |
| lumbar spinal stenosis Group | – | Other: Gait analysis and surface electromyography analysisThis group comprised elderly patients (≥60 years old) clinically diagnosed with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) through radiographic findings and symptomatology. Exclusion criteria encompassed: (1) concurrent neurological disorders (e.g., peripheral neuropathy, cerebrovascular disease); (2) comorbid spinal pathologies (e.g., degenerative scoliosis, spondylolisthesis); (3) lower extremity conditions potentially impacting gait biomechanics (e.g., severe osteoarthritis, prior arthroplasty); and (4) any history of spinal or lower limb surgical interventions, thereby minimizing potential confounders. |
| Lumbar disc herniation Group | – | Other: Gait analysis and surface electromyography analysisThis group comprised elderly patients (≥60 years old) clinically diagnosed with Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) through radiographic findings and symptomatology. Exclusion criteria encompassed: (1) concurrent neurological disorders (e.g., peripheral neuropathy, cerebrovascular disease); (2) comorbid spinal pathologies (e.g., degenerative scoliosis, spondylolisthesis); (3) lower extremity conditions potentially impacting gait biomechanics (e.g., severe osteoarthritis, prior arthroplasty); and (4) any history of spinal or lower limb surgical interventions, thereby minimizing potential confounders. |
| Cervical Spondylosis with Myelopathy Group | – | Other: Gait analysis and surface electromyography analysisThis group comprised elderly patients (≥60 years old) clinically diagnosed with Cervical Spondylosis with Myelopathy Group through radiographic findings and symptomatology. Exclusion criteria encompassed: (1) concurrent neurological disorders (e.g., peripheral neuropathy, cerebrovascular disease); (2) comorbid spinal pathologies (e.g., degenerative scoliosis, spondylolisthesis); (3) lower extremity conditions potentially impacting gait biomechanics (e.g., severe osteoarthritis, prior arthroplasty); and (4) any history of spinal or lower limb surgical interventions, thereby minimizing potential confounders. |
| Healthy Volunteer Group | – | Other: Gait analysis and surface electromyography analysisThis group comprised healthy elderly patients (≥60 years old) . Exclusion criteria encompassed: (1) concurrent neurological disorders (e.g., peripheral neuropathy, cerebrovascular disease); (2) comorbid spinal pathologies (e.g., degenerative scoliosis, LSS, LDH, spondylolisthesis); (3) lower extremity conditions potentially impacting gait biomechanics (e.g., severe osteoarthritis, prior arthroplasty); and (4) any history of spinal or lower limb surgical interventions, thereby minimizing potential confounders. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 60 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- This study included patients who required surgical treatment at the Spine Research Center for the Elderly at Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University in Beijing, China, as well as healthy volunteers collected in the outpatient clinic.
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Patients with the following single disease: degenerative scoliosis, coronal imbalance, lumbar spinal stenosis, lumbar disc herniation, spinal cord-type cervical spondylosis;
- Age ≥ 60 years, regardless of gender;
- Planned to undergo elective open spinal fusion surgery;
- Voluntarily participate in the study, understand and agree to the study content, and sign the informed consent form.
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- History of previous spinal surgery;
- Combined with other neuromuscular diseases (such as Parkinson's disease), inflammatory diseases (such as ankylosing spondylitis), infectious diseases (such as spinal tuberculosis), sepsis, tumors, or lower limb joint diseases that may cause low back and lower limb pain, affecting physical activity;
- Suffering from severe cardiovascular, cerebral, liver, or kidney disease;
- Suffering from mental illness, dementia, or unable to cooperate to complete clinical research.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Gait analysis and surface electromyography analysisA comprehensive motion analysis system was employed to assess biomechanical parameters during functional tasks. Ground reaction forces (GRFs) were measured using an instrumented force plate, while muscle activation patterns were recorded via surface electromyography (sEMG). Three-dimensional kinematic data were concurrently captured using motion-capture cameras. The standardized testing protocol consisted of: (1) quiet standing (30-second trial) and (2) three consecutive back-and-forth walking cycles (5-meter walkway), enabling the quantification of both static postural control and dynamic gait characteristics. | Other | Cervical Spondylosis with Myelopathy Group, Degenerative Scoliosis Group, Healthy Volunteer Group, Lumbar disc herniation Group, Sagittal Imbalance Group, lumbar spinal stenosis Group |
Primary outcome
Velocity
Time frame: one week before surgery
velocity refers to the distance traveled by the human body per unit time during walking and is one of the core parameters for evaluating dynamic gait characteristics.
Cadence
Time frame: one week before surgery
Cadence is one of the core spatiotemporal parameters in three-dimensional gait analysis, referring to the number of steps per minute (Steps Per Minute, SPM), which reflects walking rhythm and movement efficiency.
Stride time
Time frame: one week before surgery
In three-dimensional gait analysis, stride time refers to the time interval between two consecutive initial contacts of the same heel, representing the duration required to complete a full stride (unit: seconds). Its calculation encompasses both the stance phase and swing phase of a single lower limb, making it one of the core temporal parameters of the gait cycle.
Stance time
Time frame: one week before surgery
Stance Time is one of the key spatiotemporal parameters in gait analysis, referring to the period from the initial contact of a single foot with the ground to its complete toe-off. It reflects the weight-bearing and stability performance of the lower limb during the walking cycle.
Swing time
Time frame: one week before surgery
The swing phase is a stage in the gait cycle, referring to the time interval from when the foot leaves the ground (toe-off) to when the same foot touches the ground again (heel strike).
Stance phase
Time frame: one week before surgery
The Stance Phase refers to the entire stage in the Gait Cycle when the foot is in contact with the ground, starting from Initial Contact (heel strike) and ending with Toe-Off (toe lift) of the same foot. It accounts for approximately 60%~65% of a normal gait cycle (reduced to about 40% during running).
Swing phase
Time frame: one week before surgery
Swing Phase is a critical stage in the Gait Cycle, referring to the movement process from when the foot leaves the ground and swings forward until it makes contact with the ground again. During this phase, the lower limb completes actions such as acceleration and deceleration in the air, as well as preparing for the next support phase. In three-dimensional gait analysis, the Swing Phase is quantified using motion capture systems (such as marker points, force plates, and surface electromyography) to measure joint angles, muscle activity, and spatiotemporal parameters, providing objective data for clinical gait assessment.
Single support phase
Time frame: one week before surgery
Single Support Phase is a critical stage in the Gait Cycle, referring to the period when one foot fully bears the body weight while the other lower limb is in the Swing Phase.
Double support phase
Time frame: one week before surgery
The Double Support Phase is a crucial time stage in the gait cycle, referring to the moment during walking when both feet are simultaneously in contact with the ground. This phase holds significant importance in gait analysis, particularly in 3D Gait Analysis, where it is used to assess balance, gait stability, and neuromuscular control.
Stride length
Time frame: one week before surgery
Stride Length refers to the horizontal distance between two consecutive points of contact by the same foot. It is a crucial parameter in gait analysis for evaluating the walking cycle, particularly significant in clinical rehabilitation, sports medicine, and biomechanics research.
Step length
Time frame: one week before surgery
Step length refers to the horizontal distance between two consecutive ground contact points of the heel on the same side (i.e., the forward distance from the previous heel contact point to the next heel contact point when the left/right foot takes a step).
Step Width
Time frame: one week before surgery
Step Width is a crucial parameter in Gait Analysis, used to quantify gait stability and balance control during human walking. It holds significant clinical value, particularly in fields such as neuromuscular disorders, fall risk assessment, and sports injury rehabilitation.
Gait Deviation Index
Time frame: one week before surgery
The Gait Deviation Index is a standardized metric used to quantitatively assess the degree of gait abnormalities, calculated based on data from 3D motion analysis systems. It is widely applied in rehabilitation medicine, orthopedics, and neuroscience, particularly for gait analysis in patients with conditions such as cerebral palsy, stroke, and spinal cord injuries.
Hip Range of Motion
Time frame: one week before surgery
Hip joint range of motion refers to the dynamic angular changes of the hip joint in three planes of movement, quantitatively measured using a motion capture system during three-dimensional gait analysis (3D Gait Analysis). It is a critical parameter for assessing gait abnormalities, hip joint function, and neuromuscular disorders.
Knee Range of Motion
Time frame: one week before surgery
Knee range of motion refers to the dynamic movement range of the knee joint in the sagittal, coronal, and transverse planes quantitatively measured by a motion capture system during three-dimensional gait analysis. It is one of the core parameters for evaluating walking function, joint stability, and postoperative rehabilitation outcomes.
Ankle Range of Motion
Time frame: one week before surgery
Ankle range of motion (AROM) refers to the dynamic movement range of the ankle joint during the gait cycle, typically quantified and assessed in three dimensions: the sagittal plane (flexion-extension), the coronal plane (inversion-eversion), and the horizontal plane (internal-external rotation). It holds significant importance for diagnosing gait abnormalities, monitoring rehabilitation outcomes, and surgical planning.
Hip joint moment
Time frame: one week before surgery
Hip joint moment refers to the biomechanical load acting on the hip joint during the gait cycle, reflecting the mechanical balance of muscles, ligaments, and bones around the joint. In three-dimensional gait analysis, it is calculated using dynamic models, with units in newton-meters (N·m) or normalized to body weight multiples (N·m/kg).
Knee joint moment
Time frame: one week before surgery
Knee joint moment is a key dynamic parameter in gait analysis, referring to the rotational force (torque) acting on the knee joint during walking or movement, which reflects the mechanical load state of the muscles, ligaments, and bones around the knee joint.
Ankle joint moment
Time frame: one week before surgery
Ankle Joint Moment refers to the internal and external moments acting on the ankle joint in the sagittal, coronal, and horizontal planes, calculated through combined measurements using a 3D motion capture system and force plates during gait analysis. It reflects the dynamic load state of the muscles, ligaments, and skeletal structures surrounding the ankle joint.
Average EMG
Time frame: one week before surgery
Average EMG (AEMG) refers to the average amplitude value of the electrical signals from the target muscle collected via surface electromyography (sEMG) after rectification and filtering during a gait cycle (or a specific time period) in three-dimensional gait analysis, reflecting the overall intensity of muscle activity.
Integrated electromyography
Time frame: one week before surgery
The integrated electromyography (iEMG) is a quantitative metric in surface electromyography (sEMG) analysis, referring to the cumulative sum of EMG signal amplitudes over a specific time period, reflecting the overall intensity of muscle activity. In three-dimensional gait analysis, iEMG is commonly used to assess the synergistic activation patterns and fatigue levels of different muscles during the walking cycle.
Root mean square
Time frame: one week before surgery
The root mean square (RMS) average of surface electromyography is a time-domain analysis method used in surface electromyography (sEMG) signal processing to quantify the electrical activity intensity of muscles during specific movements (such as walking or running).
The maximum root mean square of surface electromyography
Time frame: one week before surgery
The maximum root mean square of surface electromyography (RMSmax) refers to the maximum activation intensity value (unit: μV or mV) of a specific muscle during the gait cycle, obtained by processing the muscle's electrical signals collected via surface electrodes using root mean square (RMS) analysis in three-dimensional gait analysis.
Mean Power Frequency
Time frame: one week before surgery
Mean Power Frequency (MPF) is one of the key indicators in the frequency domain analysis of surface electromyography (sEMG), reflecting the main frequency energy distribution of motor unit action potentials (MUAPs) during muscle contraction. In 3D gait analysis, MPF is used to quantify muscle fatigue levels, neuromuscular control strategies, and functional movement states.
Median Frequency
Time frame: one week before surgery
The median frequency of surface electromyography (sEMG) refers to the frequency point in the power spectrum where the total energy is divided into two equal parts (i.e., 50% of the energy lies above and below this frequency) through spectral analysis of the EMG signal (typically using Fast Fourier Transform, FFT).
2 secondary outcomes
Visual Analogue Scale
Time frame: one week before surgery
Oswestry disability index
Time frame: one week before surgery
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 30 Dec 2025.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Zuoran Fan contact
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Adult Spinal Deformity and Degenerative Scoliosis, run by Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing at 1 site in China.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 30 Dec 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in China. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Shibao Lu (18810728213, fzr15215486056@163.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Velocity (time frame: one week before surgery). The study lists 25 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 30 Dec 2025.