Sedentary LifestyleNCT07457047
Effects of Aerobic and Resistance Exercise on Cardiovascular Biomarkers in Sedentary Women
A study testing Aerobic Exercise Training and Resistance Exercise Training in people with Sedentary Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Risk, run by Ondokuz Mayıs University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on cardiovascular and inflammatory biomarkers in sedentary young women. Forty-five healthy sedentary females aged 18 to 25 years were randomly assigned to aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, or control groups. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 25 years, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Sedentary Lifestyle, Cardiometabolic Risk
- What is being tested?
- Aerobic Exercise Training and Resistance Exercise Training
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 45 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 22 Jan 2023to 1 May 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 25 years
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Female, aged 18 to 25 years
- Sedentary lifestyle (no regular structured exercise training)
- Apparently healthy with no diagnosed cardiovascular, metabolic, or inflammatory disease
- Willing to participate in an 8-week supervised exercise program and provide blood samples
- Provided written informed consent
Who cannot join
- History of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, or chronic inflammatory disorder
- Current use of medications affecting cardiovascular or metabolic function
- Regular participation in structured exercise or competitive sports
- Smoking or alcohol/drug abuse
- Any musculoskeletal or medical condition that prevents safe participation in exercise
- Pregnancy or suspected pregnancy
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Effects of Aerobic and Resistance Exercises on Cardiovascular Biomarkers in Sedentary Females: A Randomized Controlled Trial
This randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on cardiovascular and inflammatory biomarkers in sedentary young women. Forty-five healthy sedentary females aged 18 to 25 years were randomly assigned to aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, or control groups. The exercise groups trained three times per week for 8 weeks under supervision, while the control group maintained a sedentary lifestyle. Blood samples and physiological measurements were obtained at baseline and after the intervention. The primary aim was to evaluate changes in circulating natriuretic peptides and inflammatory biomarkers, including NT-proBNP, BNP, soluble ST2, and Galectin-3. Secondary outcomes included lipid profile, glucose and insulin levels, blood pressure, and aerobic fitness. The study examined whether different exercise modalities induce beneficial cardiometabolic adaptations in previously sedentary young women.
Read the detailed description
Sedentary lifestyle is associated with increased cardiometabolic risk and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Circulating biomarkers such as brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), soluble ST2 (s-ST2), and Galectin-3 are widely used in clinical practice to evaluate cardiac stress, inflammation, and prognosis in cardiovascular disease. However, little is known about how regular exercise affects these biomarkers in healthy but sedentary young adults.
This randomized controlled trial was designed to compare the effects of two different exercise modalities, aerobic and resistance training, on cardiometabolic and inflammatory biomarkers in sedentary females aged 18 to 25 years.
Participants were randomly allocated to one of three parallel groups: aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, or non-exercising control. The aerobic group performed supervised treadmill-based walking and jogging at moderate intensity corresponding to 60 to 75 percent of heart rate reserve, for approximately 60 minutes per session, three times per week for 8 weeks. The resistance group completed supervised whole-body resistance training consisting of major upper and lower body exercises, performed as 3 sets of 8 to 10 repetitions at approximately 70 to 80 percent of one-repetition maximum, also three times per week for 8 weeks. The control group was instructed to maintain their usual sedentary lifestyle without engaging in structured exercise.
Fasting venous blood samples were collected at baseline and after the 8-week intervention to determine serum concentrations of NT-proBNP, BNP, s-ST2, and Galectin-3, as well as lipid profile, glucose, and insulin. Physiological and functional measurements included body composition, resting heart rate, blood pressure, and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max).
The primary outcome was the change in NT-proBNP after 8 weeks. Secondary outcomes included changes in BNP, s-ST2, Galectin-3, lipid parameters, glycemic markers, blood pressure, and aerobic fitness.
The study aimed to determine whether exercise-induced changes in natriuretic peptides represent physiological cardiovascular adaptation rather than pathological stress, and whether aerobic and resistance exercise produce distinct biomarker responses. This information may improve interpretation of cardiovascular biomarkers in physically inactive young adults and highlight the role of structured exercise as a non-pharmacological strategy to improve cardiometabolic health.
- Conditions
- Sedentary Lifestyle, Cardiometabolic Risk
- Being tested
- Aerobic Exercise Training, Resistance Exercise Training
- Keywords
- Exercise, Aerobic Exercise, Resistance Training, NT-proBNP, BNP, Galectin-3, sST2, Cardiometabolic Biomarkers, Sedentary Women
- Medical subject headings
- Sedentary Behavior, Motor Activity
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Aerobic Exercise TrainingBehavioural
Supervised treadmill-based moderate-intensity walking and jogging at 60-75% of heart rate reserve, 60 minutes per session including warm-up and cool-down, three sessions per week for 8 weeks.
Resistance Exercise TrainingBehavioural
Supervised whole-body resistance training including major muscle group exercises, performed as 3 sets of 8-10 repetitions at approximately 70-80% of one-repetition maximum, three sessions per week for 8 weeks.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Aerobic Exercise | Experimental | Participants performed supervised moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on a treadmill (walking and jogging) at 60-75% of heart rate reserve, 60 minutes per session, three times per week for 8 weeks. Receives: Behavioral: Aerobic Exercise Training |
| Resistance Exercise | Experimental | Participants performed supervised whole-body resistance training consisting of major upper and lower body exercises, 3 sets of 8-10 repetitions at approximately 70-80% of one-repetition maximum, three times per week for 8 weeks. Receives: Behavioral: Resistance Exercise Training |
| Resistance Training | No intervention | Participants maintained their habitual sedentary lifestyle and did not participate in any structured exercise program for 8 weeks. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in Serum NT-proBNP Level
Difference in fasting serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentration between baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention.
Measured: Baseline and Week 8
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted9 Mar 2026
- Study start22 Jan 2023
- Primary completion23 Nov 2023
- Study completion1 May 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (4)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Sedentary LifestyleStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Ondokuz Mayıs UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Participants were randomly assigned to one of three parallel groups: aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, or non-exercising control, and followed for 8 weeks.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 45 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Ondokuz Mayıs University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Hamza Kucuk, Ondokuz Mayıs University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07457047
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- TR.ANKAU.REC.E-33665751
- Status last verified
- Mar 2026
- First submitted
- 31 Jan 2026
- Last updated
- 9 Mar 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: Individual participant data will be shared upon reasonable request to the corresponding author and after approval by the research team and ethics requirements.
Publications
Schmitt VH, Prochaska JH, Foll AS, Schulz A, Keller K, Hahad O, Koeck T, Trobs SO, Rapp S, Beutel M, Pfeiffer N, Strauch K, Lackner KJ, Munzel T, Wild PS. Galectin-3 for prediction of cardiac function compared to NT-proBNP in individuals with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sci Rep. 2021 Sep 24;11(1):19012. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-98227-x.
PubMed 34561496Lavie CJ, Ozemek C, Carbone S, Katzmarzyk PT, Blair SN. Sedentary Behavior, Exercise, and Cardiovascular Health. Circ Res. 2019 Mar;124(5):799-815. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.312669.
PubMed 30817262Rukavina Mikusic NL, Kouyoumdzian NM, Puyo AM, Fernandez BE, Choi MR. Role of natriuretic peptides in the cardiovascular-adipose communication: a tale of two organs. Pflugers Arch. 2022 Jan;474(1):5-19. doi: 10.1007/s00424-021-02596-1. Epub 2021 Jun 26.
PubMed 34173888Ghadamyari N, Sahin FN, Kucuk H. Effects of aerobic and resistance exercises on cardiovascular biomarkers in sedentary females: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2026 May 23;18(1):331. doi: 10.1186/s13102-026-01754-1.
PubMed 42174721
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 9 Mar 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Aerobic and Resistance Exercises on Cardiovascular Biomarkers in Sedentary Females: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07457047
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- TR.ANKAU.REC.E-33665751
- Conditions
- Sedentary Lifestyle, Cardiometabolic Risk
- Keywords
- Exercise, Aerobic Exercise, Resistance Training, NT-proBNP, BNP, Galectin-3, sST2, Cardiometabolic Biomarkers
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 45 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Ondokuz Mayıs UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 22 Jan 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 23 Nov 2023 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 May 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 9 Mar 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on cardiovascular and inflammatory biomarkers in sedentary young women. Forty-five healthy sedentary females aged 18 to 25 years were randomly assigned to aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, or control groups. The exercise groups trained three times per week for 8 weeks under supervision, while the control group maintained a sedentary lifestyle. Blood samples and physiological measurements were obtained at baseline and after the intervention. The primary aim was to evaluate changes in circulating natriuretic peptides and inflammatory biomarkers, including NT-proBNP, BNP, soluble ST2, and Galectin-3. Secondary outcomes included lipid profile, glucose and insulin levels, blood pressure, and aerobic fitness. The study examined whether different exercise modalities induce beneficial cardiometabolic adaptations in previously sedentary young women.
Detailed description
Sedentary lifestyle is associated with increased cardiometabolic risk and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Circulating biomarkers such as brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), soluble ST2 (s-ST2), and Galectin-3 are widely used in clinical practice to evaluate cardiac stress, inflammation, and prognosis in cardiovascular disease. However, little is known about how regular exercise affects these biomarkers in healthy but sedentary young adults.
This randomized controlled trial was designed to compare the effects of two different exercise modalities, aerobic and resistance training, on cardiometabolic and inflammatory biomarkers in sedentary females aged 18 to 25 years.
Participants were randomly allocated to one of three parallel groups: aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, or non-exercising control. The aerobic group performed supervised treadmill-based walking and jogging at moderate intensity corresponding to 60 to 75 percent of heart rate reserve, for approximately 60 minutes per session, three times per week for 8 weeks. The resistance group completed supervised whole-body resistance training consisting of major upper and lower body exercises, performed as 3 sets of 8 to 10 repetitions at approximately 70 to 80 percent of one-repetition maximum, also three times per week for 8 weeks. The control group was instructed to maintain their usual sedentary lifestyle without engaging in structured exercise.
Fasting venous blood samples were collected at baseline and after the 8-week intervention to determine serum concentrations of NT-proBNP, BNP, s-ST2, and Galectin-3, as well as lipid profile, glucose, and insulin. Physiological and functional measurements included body composition, resting heart rate, blood pressure, and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max).
The primary outcome was the change in NT-proBNP after 8 weeks. Secondary outcomes included changes in BNP, s-ST2, Galectin-3, lipid parameters, glycemic markers, blood pressure, and aerobic fitness.
The study aimed to determine whether exercise-induced changes in natriuretic peptides represent physiological cardiovascular adaptation rather than pathological stress, and whether aerobic and resistance exercise produce distinct biomarker responses. This information may improve interpretation of cardiovascular biomarkers in physically inactive young adults and highlight the role of structured exercise as a non-pharmacological strategy to improve cardiometabolic health.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 3
- Model description
- Participants were randomly assigned to one of three parallel groups: aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, or non-exercising control, and followed for 8 weeks.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Aerobic Exercise | Experimental | Behavioral: Aerobic Exercise TrainingParticipants performed supervised moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on a treadmill (walking and jogging) at 60-75% of heart rate reserve, 60 minutes per session, three times per week for 8 weeks. |
| Resistance Exercise | Experimental | Behavioral: Resistance Exercise TrainingParticipants performed supervised whole-body resistance training consisting of major upper and lower body exercises, 3 sets of 8-10 repetitions at approximately 70-80% of one-repetition maximum, three times per week for 8 weeks. |
| Resistance Training | No intervention | –Participants maintained their habitual sedentary lifestyle and did not participate in any structured exercise program for 8 weeks. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 25 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Female, aged 18 to 25 years
- Sedentary lifestyle (no regular structured exercise training)
- Apparently healthy with no diagnosed cardiovascular, metabolic, or inflammatory disease
- Willing to participate in an 8-week supervised exercise program and provide blood samples
- Provided written informed consent
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- History of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, or chronic inflammatory disorder
- Current use of medications affecting cardiovascular or metabolic function
- Regular participation in structured exercise or competitive sports
- Smoking or alcohol/drug abuse
- Any musculoskeletal or medical condition that prevents safe participation in exercise
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Aerobic Exercise TrainingSupervised treadmill-based moderate-intensity walking and jogging at 60-75% of heart rate reserve, 60 minutes per session including warm-up and cool-down, three sessions per week for 8 weeks. | Behavioural | Aerobic Exercise |
| Resistance Exercise TrainingSupervised whole-body resistance training including major muscle group exercises, performed as 3 sets of 8-10 repetitions at approximately 70-80% of one-repetition maximum, three sessions per week for 8 weeks. | Behavioural | Resistance Exercise |
Primary outcome
Change in Serum NT-proBNP Level
Time frame: Baseline and Week 8
Difference in fasting serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentration between baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 9 Mar 2026.
- Background: PubMed 34561496Schmitt VH, Prochaska JH, Foll AS, Schulz A, Keller K, Hahad O, Koeck T, Trobs SO, Rapp S, Beutel M, Pfeiffer N, Strauch K, Lackner KJ, Munzel T, Wild PS. Galectin-3 for prediction of cardiac function compared to NT-proBNP in individuals with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sci Rep. 2021 Sep 24;11(1):19012. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-98227-x.
- Background: PubMed 30817262Lavie CJ, Ozemek C, Carbone S, Katzmarzyk PT, Blair SN. Sedentary Behavior, Exercise, and Cardiovascular Health. Circ Res. 2019 Mar;124(5):799-815. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.312669.
- Background: PubMed 34173888Rukavina Mikusic NL, Kouyoumdzian NM, Puyo AM, Fernandez BE, Choi MR. Role of natriuretic peptides in the cardiovascular-adipose communication: a tale of two organs. Pflugers Arch. 2022 Jan;474(1):5-19. doi: 10.1007/s00424-021-02596-1. Epub 2021 Jun 26.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 42174721Ghadamyari N, Sahin FN, Kucuk H. Effects of aerobic and resistance exercises on cardiovascular biomarkers in sedentary females: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2026 May 23;18(1):331. doi: 10.1186/s13102-026-01754-1.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. Individual participant data will be shared upon reasonable request to the corresponding author and after approval by the research team and ethics requirements.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Aerobic Exercise Training and Resistance Exercise Training in people with Sedentary Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Risk, run by Ondokuz Mayıs University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 9 Mar 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in Serum NT-proBNP Level (time frame: Baseline and Week 8). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07457047, which also lists 4 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 9 Mar 2026; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 8 Nov 2026.