Pes PlanusMAWS-RCTNCT07632924
Medial Arch-Support Wrestling Shoes and Foot Posture Preservation in Adolescent Wrestlers
A study testing Medial Arch-Support Wrestling Shoe and Standard Wrestling Shoe in people with Pes Planus and Flatfoot, run by Inonu University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This three-year randomized controlled trial investigated whether wrestling shoes with built-in medial arch support can preserve foot arch structure in adolescent male wrestlers compared to standard wrestling shoes without arch support. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 11 to 11 years, men onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Pes Planus, Flatfoot, Foot Deformities
- What is being tested?
- Medial Arch-Support Wrestling Shoe and Standard Wrestling Shoe
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 88 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 May 2018to 1 Dec 2021
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 11 to 11 years
- Men only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child
Who may be able to join
- Registered wrestlers at Regional Boarding Schools (YBO)
- Training frequency of 3 or more days per week
- No lower extremity injury within the preceding 6 months
- No current orthopedic insole use
- Normal foot posture at baseline
Who cannot join
- Prior lower extremity surgery
- Neurological disorders
- Rheumatological disorders
- Severe congenital foot deformity
- Current orthopedic insole use
- Existing foot deformity at baseline
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Medial Arch-Support Wrestling Shoes and Foot Posture Preservation in Adolescent Wrestlers: A Three-Year Randomized Controlled Trial
This three-year randomized controlled trial investigated whether wrestling shoes with built-in medial arch support can preserve foot arch structure in adolescent male wrestlers compared to standard wrestling shoes without arch support.
A total of 88 adolescent male wrestlers (age 11 at baseline) were randomly assigned to wear either modified wrestling shoes with integrated medial arch support (intervention group, n=44) or standard commercially available wrestling shoes (control group, n=44). Foot posture was assessed annually using the Staheli Arch Index via podoscopy. Plantar pressure distribution was recorded using the Tekscan F-Scan system. The study followed participants for three years.
The primary aim was to determine whether medial arch-support wrestling shoes reduce the emergence of flat foot (pes planus) compared with standard wrestling shoes during a critical period of foot development in young athletes.
- Conditions
- Pes Planus, Flatfoot, Foot Deformities
- Being tested
- Medial Arch-Support Wrestling Shoe, Standard Wrestling Shoe
- Medical subject headings
- Flatfoot, Foot Deformities
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Medial Arch-Support Wrestling ShoeDevice
Modified wrestling shoe incorporating a multi-density rubber outsole, integrated medial longitudinal arch support, reinforced heel stabilization with hidden heel pads, structured midfoot midsole, four-way stretch Scuba fabric upper, and adhesive Velcro tape closure system. Designed to redistribute plantar pressure and preserve medial longitudinal arch structure during wrestling training.
Standard Wrestling ShoeDevice
Conventional commercially available wrestling shoe featuring a thin flat rubber outsole, hard insole without arch support, tight lacing system, high collar, and rigid non-flexible plastic base. No medial arch support or plantar load redistribution features.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Modified Wrestling Shoe (Arch Support) | Experimental | Participants wore modified wrestling shoes with integrated medial arch support, multi-density rubber outsole, reinforced heel stabilization, structured midfoot midsole, and optimized plantar contact geometry for three years during all wrestling training sessions. Shoe sizes were monitored and replaced as needed. Receives: Device: Medial Arch-Support Wrestling Shoe |
| Standard Wrestling Shoe | Active comparator | Participants wore standard commercially available wrestling shoes featuring a flat thin rubber outsole, no cushioning midsole, no arch support, near-zero heel drop, and a high collar for three years during all wrestling training sessions. Shoe sizes were monitored and replaced as needed. Receives: Device: Standard Wrestling Shoe |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Foot Posture Classification (Staheli Arch Index)
Foot posture was classified annually using the Staheli Arch Index (SAI) assessed via podoscopy. Classifications: normal (SAI 0.45-0.89), flexible pes planus (SAI 0.90-1.00), and rigid pes planus (SAI ≥1.01, confirmed by Jack Toe Raise Test). Between-group differences were evaluated using Fisher's exact test with Bonferroni correction.
Measured: Baseline, Year 1, Year 2, Year 3
Secondary outcomes (3)
Plantar Pressure Distribution
Dynamic plantar pressure distribution was recorded using the Tekscan F-Scan system (3000E sensors, 100 Hz) during 30-second walking trials on a UWW-approved mat. Pressure maps were evaluated qualitatively for midfoot contact area and center of pressure trajectory.
Measured: Year 3
Standing Height
Standing height (cm) was measured using a calibrated stadiometer at each assessment point. Between-group differences were analyzed using mixed-design ANOVA (group × time).
Measured: Baseline, Year 1, Year 2
Body Mass
Body mass (kg) was measured using a calibrated scale at each assessment point. Between-group differences were analyzed using mixed-design ANOVA (group × time).
Measured: Baseline, Year 1, Year 2
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted8 Jun 2026
- Study start1 May 2018
- Primary completion1 Oct 2021
- Study completion1 Dec 2021
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Pes PlanusStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Inonu UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Participants were randomly assigned 1:1 to modified wrestling shoes with medial arch support (intervention) or standard wrestling shoes (control) and followed for three years.
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 88 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Inonu University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Özgür EKEN, Inonu University
- Investigators
- Mahmut Açak, Principal investigator, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07632924
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2018-106
- Acronym
- MAWS-RCT
- Status last verified
- May 2026
- First submitted
- 26 May 2026
- Last updated
- 8 Jun 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 8 Jun 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Medial Arch-Support Wrestling Shoes and Foot Posture Preservation in Adolescent Wrestlers: A Three-Year Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07632924
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- MAWS-RCT / 2018-106
- Conditions
- Pes Planus, Flatfoot, Foot Deformities
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 88 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Inonu UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University
- Study start
- 1 May 2018 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Oct 2021 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Dec 2021 (actual)
- First posted
- 8 Jun 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This three-year randomized controlled trial investigated whether wrestling shoes with built-in medial arch support can preserve foot arch structure in adolescent male wrestlers compared to standard wrestling shoes without arch support.
A total of 88 adolescent male wrestlers (age 11 at baseline) were randomly assigned to wear either modified wrestling shoes with integrated medial arch support (intervention group, n=44) or standard commercially available wrestling shoes (control group, n=44). Foot posture was assessed annually using the Staheli Arch Index via podoscopy. Plantar pressure distribution was recorded using the Tekscan F-Scan system. The study followed participants for three years.
The primary aim was to determine whether medial arch-support wrestling shoes reduce the emergence of flat foot (pes planus) compared with standard wrestling shoes during a critical period of foot development in young athletes.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Participants were randomly assigned 1:1 to modified wrestling shoes with medial arch support (intervention) or standard wrestling shoes (control) and followed for three years.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Modified Wrestling Shoe (Arch Support) | Experimental | Device: Medial Arch-Support Wrestling ShoeParticipants wore modified wrestling shoes with integrated medial arch support, multi-density rubber outsole, reinforced heel stabilization, structured midfoot midsole, and optimized plantar contact geometry for three years during all wrestling training sessions. Shoe sizes were monitored and replaced as needed. |
| Standard Wrestling Shoe | Active comparator | Device: Standard Wrestling ShoeParticipants wore standard commercially available wrestling shoes featuring a flat thin rubber outsole, no cushioning midsole, no arch support, near-zero heel drop, and a high collar for three years during all wrestling training sessions. Shoe sizes were monitored and replaced as needed. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 11 to 11 years
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Registered wrestlers at Regional Boarding Schools (YBO)
- Training frequency of 3 or more days per week
- No lower extremity injury within the preceding 6 months
- No current orthopedic insole use
- Normal foot posture at baseline
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Prior lower extremity surgery
- Neurological disorders
- Rheumatological disorders
- Severe congenital foot deformity
- Current orthopedic insole use
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Medial Arch-Support Wrestling ShoeModified wrestling shoe incorporating a multi-density rubber outsole, integrated medial longitudinal arch support, reinforced heel stabilization with hidden heel pads, structured midfoot midsole, four-way stretch Scuba fabric upper, and adhesive Velcro tape closure system. Designed to redistribute plantar pressure and preserve medial longitudinal arch structure during wrestling training. | Device | Modified Wrestling Shoe (Arch Support) |
| Standard Wrestling ShoeConventional commercially available wrestling shoe featuring a thin flat rubber outsole, hard insole without arch support, tight lacing system, high collar, and rigid non-flexible plastic base. No medial arch support or plantar load redistribution features. | Device | Standard Wrestling Shoe |
Primary outcome
Foot Posture Classification (Staheli Arch Index)
Time frame: Baseline, Year 1, Year 2, Year 3
Foot posture was classified annually using the Staheli Arch Index (SAI) assessed via podoscopy. Classifications: normal (SAI 0.45-0.89), flexible pes planus (SAI 0.90-1.00), and rigid pes planus (SAI ≥1.01, confirmed by Jack Toe Raise Test). Between-group differences were evaluated using Fisher's exact test with Bonferroni correction.
3 secondary outcomes
Plantar Pressure Distribution
Time frame: Year 3
Standing Height
Time frame: Baseline, Year 1, Year 2
Body Mass
Time frame: Baseline, Year 1, Year 2
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 8 Jun 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Mahmut Açak principal investigator
Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Medial Arch-Support Wrestling Shoe and Standard Wrestling Shoe in people with Pes Planus and Flatfoot, run by Inonu University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 8 Jun 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Foot Posture Classification (Staheli Arch Index) (time frame: Baseline, Year 1, Year 2, Year 3). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 8 Jun 2026; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 8 Nov 2026.