Nursing EducationNCT07673224
Immersive Virtual Reality Training for Phlebotomy Skills in Nursing Students
A study testing Immersive Virtual Reality Training and Part-Task Trainer Simulation Training in people with Nursing Education and Immersive Virtual Reality, run by Al-Quds University at 1 site in Palestinian Territories.
Trial summary
This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effect of immersive virtual reality (VR) training on nursing students' learning outcomes in phlebotomy skills. The study compares immersive VR-based simulation with traditional task trainer-based simulation. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 22 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Nursing Education, Immersive Virtual Reality, Phlebotomy
- What is being tested?
- Immersive Virtual Reality Training and Part-Task Trainer Simulation Training
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 60 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePalestinian Territories
- Study dates
- 15 Apr 2026to 24 May 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 22 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Second-year nursing students who enrolled in the Adult Health Nursing I course, had no prior clinical experience in venipuncture, and were willing to participate in the study. Additional inclusion criteria included the ability to attend training sessions using both immersive virtual reality (VR) and a part-task trainer simulation and commitment to completing all training and assessment sessions. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before enrollment.
Who cannot join
- if they had previous advanced or extensive practical experience in venipuncture or had participated in external training programs related to the same skill. Additional exclusion criteria included the presence of physical or psychological conditions that could interfere with participation or performance during training, failure to attend scheduled training sessions, incomplete participation in the study procedures, or withdrawal of consent.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Palestinian Territories1 site
Al-Quds University
Abū Dīs, Jerusalem, 5100
About this study
Official title: The Effect of Immersive VR Phlebotomy on Nursing Students Self-efficacy, Anxiety and Clinical Performance: Randomize Clinical Trial
This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effect of immersive virtual reality (VR) training on nursing students' learning outcomes in phlebotomy skills. The study compares immersive VR-based simulation with traditional task trainer-based simulation.
A total sample of undergraduate nursing students is randomly assigned to either the experimental group (VR training) or the control group (task trainer training). The intervention focuses on improving self-efficacy, reducing anxiety, and enhancing clinical performance in venipuncture skills.
Read more
Outcomes are measured at three time points: pre-test, immediate post-test, and follow-up. Self-efficacy, anxiety, and clinical performance are assessed using validated scales.
The study seeks to determine whether immersive VR provides a more effective and engaging learning experience compared to conventional simulation methods in nursing education.
- Being tested
- Immersive Virtual Reality Training, Part-Task Trainer Simulation Training
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Immersive Virtual Reality TrainingBehavioural
Immersive VR-based phlebotomy training simulation designed to improve self-efficacy, reduce anxiety, and enhance clinical performance.
Part-Task Trainer Simulation TrainingBehavioural
Traditional phlebotomy training using a part-task trainer arm simulation.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Immersive Virtual Reality Training Group | Experimental | Not described Receives: Behavioral: Immersive Virtual Reality Training |
| Part-Task Trainer Simulation Group | Active comparator | Not described Receives: Behavioral: Part-Task Trainer Simulation Training |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Self-efficacy
Measured using a validated self-efficacy scale for clinical skills.
Measured: Baseline, immediately post-intervention, and two-week follow-up
Clinical performance
Assessed using a structured checklist evaluating steps of the phlebotomy procedure.
Measured: Baseline, immediately post-intervention, and two-week follow-up
Secondary outcomes (1)
Anxiety related to phlebotomy skill
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S) - State version (STAI-S)
Measured: Baseline, immediately post-intervention, and at the 2-week follow-up.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted29 Jun 2026
- Study start15 Apr 2026
- Primary completion10 May 2026
- Study completion24 May 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Nursing EducationStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Al-Quds University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07673224
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- RESC/2026-72
- Status last verified
- Jun 2026
- First submitted
- 23 Jun 2026
- Last updated
- 29 Jun 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 29 Jun 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Immersive VR Phlebotomy on Nursing Students Self-efficacy, Anxiety and Clinical Performance: Randomize Clinical Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07673224
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- RESC/2026-72
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Al-Quds UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 15 Apr 2026 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 10 May 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 24 May 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 29 Jun 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effect of immersive virtual reality (VR) training on nursing students' learning outcomes in phlebotomy skills. The study compares immersive VR-based simulation with traditional task trainer-based simulation.
A total sample of undergraduate nursing students is randomly assigned to either the experimental group (VR training) or the control group (task trainer training). The intervention focuses on improving self-efficacy, reducing anxiety, and enhancing clinical performance in venipuncture skills.
Outcomes are measured at three time points: pre-test, immediate post-test, and follow-up. Self-efficacy, anxiety, and clinical performance are assessed using validated scales.
The study seeks to determine whether immersive VR provides a more effective and engaging learning experience compared to conventional simulation methods in nursing education.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Immersive Virtual Reality Training Group | Experimental | Behavioral: Immersive Virtual Reality Training |
| Part-Task Trainer Simulation Group | Active comparator | Behavioral: Part-Task Trainer Simulation Training |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 22 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Second-year nursing students who enrolled in the Adult Health Nursing I course, had no prior clinical experience in venipuncture, and were willing to participate in the study. Additional inclusion criteria included the ability to attend training sessions using both immersive virtual reality (VR) and a part-task trainer simulation and commitment to completing all training and assessment sessions. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before enrollment.
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- if they had previous advanced or extensive practical experience in venipuncture or had participated in external training programs related to the same skill. Additional exclusion criteria included the presence of physical or psychological conditions that could interfere with participation or performance during training, failure to attend scheduled training sessions, incomplete participation in the study procedures, or withdrawal of consent.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Immersive Virtual Reality TrainingImmersive VR-based phlebotomy training simulation designed to improve self-efficacy, reduce anxiety, and enhance clinical performance. | Behavioural | Immersive Virtual Reality Training Group |
| Part-Task Trainer Simulation TrainingTraditional phlebotomy training using a part-task trainer arm simulation. | Behavioural | Part-Task Trainer Simulation Group |
Primary outcome
Self-efficacy
Time frame: Baseline, immediately post-intervention, and two-week follow-up
Measured using a validated self-efficacy scale for clinical skills.
Clinical performance
Time frame: Baseline, immediately post-intervention, and two-week follow-up
Assessed using a structured checklist evaluating steps of the phlebotomy procedure.
1 secondary outcome
Anxiety related to phlebotomy skill
Time frame: Baseline, immediately post-intervention, and at the 2-week follow-up.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 29 Jun 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Immersive Virtual Reality Training and Part-Task Trainer Simulation Training in people with Nursing Education and Immersive Virtual Reality, run by Al-Quds University at 1 site in Palestinian Territories.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 29 Jun 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Palestinian Territories. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Self-efficacy (time frame: Baseline, immediately post-intervention, and two-week follow-up). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 29 Jun 2026.