Heart ArrestNCT02007499

Pre-arrival Instructions Effect on Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR).

An observational study of Heart Arrest and Cardiac Arrest, run by Medical College of Wisconsin at 1 site in United States.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record

Search all trials

Trial summary

The investigators hypothesized that pre-arrival instructions would increase the likelihood of bystanders performing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR). Read more about this study

Who is it for?: Ages 21 years and older
Conditions the study is for: Heart Arrest, Cardiac Arrest, Cardiopulmonary Arrest
What is being tested?: Pre-Arrival Instructions
How many people: 274 participants
Where: 1 siteUnited States
Study dates: 1 Jan 2009to 31 Dec 2013
Phase: Observational
Are there results?: Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

Ages 21 years and older
All sexes
No healthy volunteers
Adult, Older adult

Study population: The population of this study will be all patients with OHCA (absence of a detectable pulse, unresponsiveness, and apnea) occurring in the select communities, from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2013 (five years).

Who may be able to join

Patients 21 years old or older
Presumed cardiac origin as indicated on the Milwaukee County Emergency Medical Services (MCEMS) report
Non-Emergency Medical Services (EMS) witnessed arrest

Who cannot join

Patients younger than 21 years old
Patients who are "obviously dead" (decomposition, rigor mortis, decapitation, or other)
Trauma victims, including hanging and burns
Patients with cardiac arrests clearly of other non-cardiac origin including drug overdose, carbon monoxide poisoning, drowning, exsanguination, electrocution, asphyxia, hypoxia related to respiratory disease, cerebrovascular accident and documented terminal illness
Patients determined to be a do-not-resuscitate (DNR) upon arrival of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) providers
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) by someone other than Emergency Medical Services (EMS) who is a trained first responder or health care provider with a predetermined duty to provide care.

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

United States1 site

Medical College of Wisconsin
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226

Other trials in United States

About this study

Official title: The Effect of Pre-arrival Instructions on the Rate of Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) for Patients in "Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA)".

The investigators hypothesized that pre-arrival instructions would increase the likelihood of bystanders performing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR).

Read the detailed description

The City of Milwaukee and surrounding communities combine to form Milwaukee County covering 241 square miles and serving approximately 959,521 people. Milwaukee County includes 19 separate municipalities. Community demographics and other characteristics have remained largely stable for the past decade.

The study will take place in Milwaukee County from 2009 - 2013 in the communities providing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) pre-arrival instructions: West Allis and Oak Creek.

In Milwaukee County Basic Live Support (BLS) shall be started on all patients in cardiac arrest with the exception of victims with: decapitation; rigor mortis; evidence of tissue decomposition; dependent lividity; presence of a valid Do-Not-Resuscitate (DNR) or Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST); fire victim with full thickness burns to 90% or greater body surface area; hypothermic patients with signs of frozen tissue, rigid airway, ice formation in mouth, or chest noncompliant for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR). The system standard is: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) will be provided whenever patient is pulseless; compressions at least 100/minute; hands on chest more than 75% of time; minimum compression depth of 2 inches in adults 75% of the time.

Therefore, the investigators will analyze data to assess how Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) pre-arrival instructions may have affected the probability of receiving bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR).

Conditions: Heart Arrest, Cardiac Arrest, Cardiopulmonary Arrest, Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest, Sudden Cardiac Death
Being tested: Pre-Arrival Instructions
Keywords: Prehospital emergency care, Out of hospital cardiac arrest, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, CPR, Heart arrest, Outcome, Bystander
Medical subject headings: Heart Arrest, Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest, Death, Sudden, Cardiac

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

Pre-Arrival InstructionsOther
Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) Pre-Arrival Instructions (PAI)

Study groups in NCT02007499
Study group	Role	What they receive
Community 1 Before		Pre-arrival Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) instruction for bystander Before Intervention Group in Community 1
Community 1 After		Pre-arrival Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) instruction for bystander After Intervention Group in Community 1 Receives: Other: Pre-Arrival Instructions
Community 2 Before		Pre-arrival Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) instruction for bystander Before Intervention Group in Community 2
Community 2 After		Pre-arrival Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) instruction for bystander After Intervention Group in Community 2 Receives: Other: Pre-Arrival Instructions

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

Incidence of Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) in Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA)
The overall goal of this study is to determine the rate of bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) before and after implementation of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) pre-arrival instructions program in Milwaukee County
Measured: Up to 2 years prior to intervention and up to 2 years post intervention

Secondary outcomes (1)

Survival to Hospital Discharge or to December, 31 2013 Whichever Comes First
Explore any relationship to age and gender of the patient, location of arrest, time of year, and other indicators known to affect survival on the overall difference in patient discharge.
Measured: Up to 2 years prior to intervention and up to 2 years post intervention

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

1 Jan 200931 Dec 2013

First posted10 Dec 2013 (estimated)
Study start1 Jan 2009
Primary completion31 Dec 2013
Study completion31 Dec 2013

Resources

Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
Publications (11)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
Other trials for Heart ArrestStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
More trials run by Medical College of WisconsinThe sponsor's other registered studies.
What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design

Study type: Observational
Observational model: Cohort
Time perspective: Retrospective
Enrolment: 274 participants (actual)

IDs, dates and publications

ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02007499
Sponsor's protocol ID: PRO00021202
Status last verified: Mar 2026
First submitted: 25 Nov 2013
Last updated: 7 Apr 2026
Results posted: Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
Data monitoring committee: No
FDA-regulated drug: No
FDA-regulated device: No
Individual data sharing: No: The study is looking for the incident of pre-instruction only there is no participant involved directly

Publications

Song KJ, Shin SD, Park CB, Kim JY, Kim DK, Kim CH, Ha SY, Eng Hock Ong M, Bobrow BJ, McNally B. Dispatcher-assisted bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a metropolitan city: a before-after population-based study. Resuscitation. 2014 Jan;85(1):34-41. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2013.06.004. Epub 2013 Jun 17.
PubMed 23792111
Nichol G, Thomas E, Callaway CW, Hedges J, Powell JL, Aufderheide TP, Rea T, Lowe R, Brown T, Dreyer J, Davis D, Idris A, Stiell I; Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium Investigators. Regional variation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest incidence and outcome. JAMA. 2008 Sep 24;300(12):1423-31. doi: 10.1001/jama.300.12.1423.
PubMed 18812533
Liu JM, Yang Q, Pirrallo RG, Klein JP, Aufderheide TP. Hospital variability of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2008 Jul-Sep;12(3):339-46. doi: 10.1080/10903120802101330.
PubMed 18584502
Nichol G, Rumsfeld J, Eigel B, Abella BS, Labarthe D, Hong Y, O'Connor RE, Mosesso VN, Berg RA, Leeper BB, Weisfeldt ML; American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee; American Heart Association Council on Cardiopulmonary, Perioperative, and Critical Care; American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology; Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group. Essential features of designating out-of-hospital cardiac arrest as a reportable event: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee; Council on Cardiopulmonary, Perioperative, and Critical Care; Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; Council on Clinical Cardiology; and Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group. Circulation. 2008 Apr 29;117(17):2299-308. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.189472. Epub 2008 Apr 14.
PubMed 18413503
Lateef F, Anantharaman V. Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation in prehospital cardiac arrest patients in Singapore. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2001 Oct-Dec;5(4):387-90. doi: 10.1080/10903120190939562.
PubMed 11642590
Rea TD, Eisenberg MS, Culley LL, Becker L. Dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation and survival in cardiac arrest. Circulation. 2001 Nov 20;104(21):2513-6. doi: 10.1161/hc4601.099468.
PubMed 11714643
Sasson C, Magid DJ, Chan P, Root ED, McNally BF, Kellermann AL, Haukoos JS; CARES Surveillance Group. Association of neighborhood characteristics with bystander-initiated CPR. N Engl J Med. 2012 Oct 25;367(17):1607-15. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1110700.
PubMed 23094722
Abella BS, Aufderheide TP, Eigel B, Hickey RW, Longstreth WT Jr, Nadkarni V, Nichol G, Sayre MR, Sommargren CE, Hazinski MF; American Heart Association. Reducing barriers for implementation of bystander-initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association for healthcare providers, policymakers, and community leaders regarding the effectiveness of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Circulation. 2008 Feb 5;117(5):704-9. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.188486. Epub 2008 Jan 14. No abstract available.
PubMed 18195177
Billittier AJ 4th, Lerner EB, Tucker W, Lee J. The lay public's expectations of prearrival instructions when dialing 9-1-1. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2000 Jul-Sep;4(3):234-7. doi: 10.1080/10903120090941254.
PubMed 10895918
Cummins RO, Chamberlain DA, Abramson NS, Allen M, Baskett P, Becker L, Bossaert L, Delooz H, Dick W, Eisenberg M, et al. Recommended guidelines for uniform reporting of data from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: the Utstein Style. Task Force of the American Heart Association, the European Resuscitation Council, the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, and the Australian Resuscitation Council. Ann Emerg Med. 1991 Aug;20(8):861-74. No abstract available.
PubMed 1854070
Berdowski J, Berg RA, Tijssen JG, Koster RW. Global incidences of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and survival rates: Systematic review of 67 prospective studies. Resuscitation. 2010 Nov;81(11):1479-87. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.08.006. Epub 2010 Sep 9.
PubMed 20828914

Want to know more?

The sponsor has not listed a contact. The official record may have more details.

Talk to your doctor first and take this page with you. Only the study team can confirm whether you can join.

Questions to ask the study team

What is the study trying to find out?
What would I need to do, and how often would I visit?
Could I receive a placebo instead of the treatment?
What are the possible risks and benefits for me?
Will it cost me anything? Are travel or time paid for?
Can I keep seeing my own doctor during the study?
What happens when the study ends?

See locations

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Cardiac Arrest, Out-Of-Hospital

All Heart Arrest trials

Study at a glance

From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 7 Apr 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.

Official title: The Effect of Pre-arrival Instructions on the Rate of Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) for Patients in "Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA)".
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02007499
Acronym / sponsor ID: PRO00021202
Conditions: Heart Arrest, Cardiac Arrest, Cardiopulmonary Arrest, Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest, Sudden Cardiac Death
Keywords: Prehospital emergency care, Out of hospital cardiac arrest, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, CPR, Heart arrest, Outcome, Bystander
Study type: Observational
Recruitment status: Completed
Enrolment: 274 participants (actual)
Lead sponsor: Medical College of WisconsinUniversity, hospital or other
Study start: 1 Jan 2009 (actual)
Primary completion: 31 Dec 2013 (actual)
Study completion: 31 Dec 2013 (actual)
First posted: 10 Dec 2013 (estimated)
Results: Posted 7 Apr 2026

Clinical summary

The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.

The investigators hypothesized that pre-arrival instructions would increase the likelihood of bystanders performing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR).

Detailed description

The study will take place in Milwaukee County from 2009 - 2013 in the communities providing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) pre-arrival instructions: West Allis and Oak Creek.

Study design

Observational model: Cohort
Time perspective: Retrospective
Number of arms: 4

Arm	Type	Receives
Community 1 Before	–	–Pre-arrival Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) instruction for bystander Before Intervention Group in Community 1
Community 1 After	–	Other: Pre-Arrival InstructionsPre-arrival Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) instruction for bystander After Intervention Group in Community 1
Community 2 Before	–	–Pre-arrival Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) instruction for bystander Before Intervention Group in Community 2
Community 2 After	–	Other: Pre-Arrival InstructionsPre-arrival Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) instruction for bystander After Intervention Group in Community 2

Who may qualify

Ages: 21 years and older
Sex: All
Healthy volunteers: Not accepted
Age groups: Adult, Older adult
Study population: The population of this study will be all patients with OHCA (absence of a detectable pulse, unresponsiveness, and apnea) occurring in the select communities, from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2013 (five years).

Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)

Patients 21 years old or older
Presumed cardiac origin as indicated on the Milwaukee County Emergency Medical Services (MCEMS) report
Non-Emergency Medical Services (EMS) witnessed arrest

Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)

Patients younger than 21 years old
Patients who are "obviously dead" (decomposition, rigor mortis, decapitation, or other)
Trauma victims, including hanging and burns
Patients with cardiac arrests clearly of other non-cardiac origin including drug overdose, carbon monoxide poisoning, drowning, exsanguination, electrocution, asphyxia, hypoxia related to respiratory disease, cerebrovascular accident and documented terminal illness
Patients determined to be a do-not-resuscitate (DNR) upon arrival of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) providers

Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Interventions

Intervention	Type	Arms
Pre-Arrival InstructionsOut of Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) Pre-Arrival Instructions (PAI)	Other	Community 1 After, Community 2 After

Primary outcome

Incidence of Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) in Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA)
Time frame: Up to 2 years prior to intervention and up to 2 years post intervention
The overall goal of this study is to determine the rate of bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) before and after implementation of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) pre-arrival instructions program in Milwaukee County

1 secondary outcome

Survival to Hospital Discharge or to December, 31 2013 Whichever Comes First
Time frame: Up to 2 years prior to intervention and up to 2 years post intervention

Results and safety

Results posted to the registry on 7 Apr 2026, as reported by the sponsor. Figures are copied from the record, not re-analysed. Full results on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Participant flow

Group	Started	Completed
Pre-arrival CPR Instruction Before Intervention in Community 1	44	34
Pre-arrival CPR Instruction After Intervention in Community 1	63	46
Pre-arrival CPR Instruction Before Intervention in Community 2	99	76
Pre-arrival CPR Instruction After Intervention in Community 2	68	43

Primary outcome: Incidence of Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) in Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA)

Time frame: Up to 2 years prior to intervention and up to 2 years post intervention. Number (95% Confidence Interval). Unit: participants

Measure	Community 1, Before n = 34	Community 1, After n = 46	Community 2, Before n = 76	Community 2, After n = 43
Value	11 (-15 to 21)	19 (-15.6 to 21.4)	42 (-15.4 to 49.5)	25 (-15.4 to 29.5)

Community 1, Before vs Community 1, After: p = 0.41, Mantel Haenszel
Community 2, Before vs Community 2, After: p = 0.76, Mantel Haenszel

1 secondary outcome is reported in the full results.

Adverse events

Time frame: Adverse events were not collected. Other adverse events reported at 0% frequency or more

Group	Serious adverse events	Other adverse events	Deaths
Community 1 Before	0 of 0	0 of 0	Not reported
Community 1 After	0 of 0	0 of 0	Not reported
Community 2 Before	0 of 0	0 of 0	Not reported
Community 2 After	0 of 0	0 of 0	Not reported

Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…

Research links

Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 7 Apr 2026.
Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
Background: PubMed 23792111Song KJ, Shin SD, Park CB, Kim JY, Kim DK, Kim CH, Ha SY, Eng Hock Ong M, Bobrow BJ, McNally B. Dispatcher-assisted bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a metropolitan city: a before-after population-based study. Resuscitation. 2014 Jan;85(1):34-41. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2013.06.004. Epub 2013 Jun 17.
Background: PubMed 18812533Nichol G, Thomas E, Callaway CW, Hedges J, Powell JL, Aufderheide TP, Rea T, Lowe R, Brown T, Dreyer J, Davis D, Idris A, Stiell I; Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium Investigators. Regional variation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest incidence and outcome. JAMA. 2008 Sep 24;300(12):1423-31. doi: 10.1001/jama.300.12.1423.
Background: PubMed 18584502Liu JM, Yang Q, Pirrallo RG, Klein JP, Aufderheide TP. Hospital variability of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2008 Jul-Sep;12(3):339-46. doi: 10.1080/10903120802101330.
Background: PubMed 18413503Nichol G, Rumsfeld J, Eigel B, Abella BS, Labarthe D, Hong Y, O'Connor RE, Mosesso VN, Berg RA, Leeper BB, Weisfeldt ML; American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee; American Heart Association Council on Cardiopulmonary, Perioperative, and Critical Care; American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology; Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group. Essential features of designating out-of-hospital cardiac arrest as a reportable event: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee; Council on Cardiopulmonary, Perioperative, and Critical Care; Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; Council on Clinical Cardiology; and Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group. Circulation. 2008 Apr 29;117(17):2299-308. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.189472. Epub 2008 Apr 14.
Background: PubMed 11642590Lateef F, Anantharaman V. Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation in prehospital cardiac arrest patients in Singapore. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2001 Oct-Dec;5(4):387-90. doi: 10.1080/10903120190939562.
Background: PubMed 11714643Rea TD, Eisenberg MS, Culley LL, Becker L. Dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation and survival in cardiac arrest. Circulation. 2001 Nov 20;104(21):2513-6. doi: 10.1161/hc4601.099468.
Background: PubMed 23094722Sasson C, Magid DJ, Chan P, Root ED, McNally BF, Kellermann AL, Haukoos JS; CARES Surveillance Group. Association of neighborhood characteristics with bystander-initiated CPR. N Engl J Med. 2012 Oct 25;367(17):1607-15. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1110700.
Background: PubMed 18195177Abella BS, Aufderheide TP, Eigel B, Hickey RW, Longstreth WT Jr, Nadkarni V, Nichol G, Sayre MR, Sommargren CE, Hazinski MF; American Heart Association. Reducing barriers for implementation of bystander-initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association for healthcare providers, policymakers, and community leaders regarding the effectiveness of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Circulation. 2008 Feb 5;117(5):704-9. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.188486. Epub 2008 Jan 14. No abstract available.
Background: PubMed 10895918Billittier AJ 4th, Lerner EB, Tucker W, Lee J. The lay public's expectations of prearrival instructions when dialing 9-1-1. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2000 Jul-Sep;4(3):234-7. doi: 10.1080/10903120090941254.
Background: PubMed 1854070Cummins RO, Chamberlain DA, Abramson NS, Allen M, Baskett P, Becker L, Bossaert L, Delooz H, Dick W, Eisenberg M, et al. Recommended guidelines for uniform reporting of data from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: the Utstein Style. Task Force of the American Heart Association, the European Resuscitation Council, the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, and the Australian Resuscitation Council. Ann Emerg Med. 1991 Aug;20(8):861-74. No abstract available.
Background: PubMed 20828914Berdowski J, Berg RA, Tijssen JG, Koster RW. Global incidences of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and survival rates: Systematic review of 67 prospective studies. Resuscitation. 2010 Nov;81(11):1479-87. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.08.006. Epub 2010 Sep 9.
Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. The study is looking for the incident of pre-instruction only there is no participant involved directly

Related trials for Heart Arrest

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Referral and contact

AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.

Khalid A. Ateyyah, MD, SBEM principal investigator

Medical College of Wisconsin

1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

An observational study of Heart Arrest and Cardiac Arrest, run by Medical College of Wisconsin at 1 site in United States.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 7 Apr 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 7 Apr 2026). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Incidence of Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) in Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) (time frame: Up to 2 years prior to intervention and up to 2 years post intervention). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02007499, which also lists 11 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 7 Apr 2026.