Dilated Cardiomyopathies, IdiopathicPhase 4PROBE-ITNCT02973594
Pulse Reduction On Beta-blocker and Ivabradine Therapy
A Phase 4 study testing Ivabradine in people with Dilated Cardiomyopathies, Idiopathic and Heart Failure, Systolic, run by University of Colorado, Denver at 2 sites in United States.
Trial summary
Heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF) is the most common form of chronic heart failure in subjects ≤ 75 years of age. Beta-blocker therapy greatly reduces mortality and improves ventricular function in HFrEF patients, but 30-40% of patients do not show improvement in ventricular… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Dilated Cardiomyopathies, Idiopathic, Heart Failure, Systolic, Ventricular Remodeling
- What is being tested?
- Ivabradine
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 28 participants
- Where
- 2 sitesUnited States
- Study dates
- Nov 2016to 30 Jun 2023
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Age ≥ 18 years.
- History of non-ischemic (confirmed by coronary angiogram), non-valvular dilated cardiomyopathy considered to be idiopathic, HFrEF NYHA Class I, II, or III.
- Must have experienced a sign or symptom of clinical heart failure at some time within the preceding 12 months.
- In sinus rhythm at Screening Visit.
- Resting HR ≥ 70 bpm at the Screening Visit.
- Receiving guideline-indicated oral renin-angiotensin-adosterone system (RAAS) inhibitor therapy at the Randomization Visit, i.e., an ACE inhibitor, angiotensin receptor blocker, or sacubitril/valsartan plus a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist as tolerated.
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- May have ICD or CRT device as indicated.
- Receiving beta-blocker therapy for ≥ 6 months and target doses for ≥ 3 months prior to Baseline Visit.
- Target dose of carvedilol is 25 mg BID, and metoprolol succinate, 150 mg/day. Patients who are not receiving doses that are at least at these target levels will have their heart failure beta-blocker up-titrated to target and an LVEF re-measured in 3 months, at which time they could be eligible for enrollment. Patients on < target doses who are intolerant to higher than target doses may be enrolled.
- Evidence of stable or declining LVEF, defined as no increase by ≥ 5 % on a measurement done within 6 months of screening compared to the most recent historical measurement performed within 36 months of the index measure. Must have been on a dose of ≥ 50% of target during the period that documented the lack of a reverse remodeling response. Prior LVEF measurements could have been performed by any imaging technique, e.g., echocardiography, radionuclide methods, MRI, or contrast ventriculography.
- Women of childbearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test at the Screening Visit and a negative urine pregnancy test at the Baseline and Randomization Visits.
- Women who are surgically sterile or post-menopausal for at least 12 months are not considered to be of childbearing potential.
- Women of childbearing potential must agree to use a highly effective contraception for the duration of the trial and for at least 30 days following the last dose of study drug.
- Must be competent to understand the information given in the Institutional Review Board (IRB) informed consent form (ICF).
- Echocardiographic parasternal window adequate for measuring LV volumes by 3D-echo.
- Must sign the ICF prior to the initiation of any study procedure and not withdraw consent prior to the Randomization Visit.
Who cannot join
- NYHA Class IV symptoms at the Randomization Visit.
- History of HF due to or associated with uncorrected primary valvular disease or history of ischemic heart disease.
- Any history of atrial fibrillation (even if in sinus rhythm at present).
- Systolic blood pressure < 90/50 mmHg at the Screening Visit.
- Significant fluid overload at the Randomization Visit, in the opinion of the Investigator.
- Evidence of significant fluid overload may include:
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- Mean jugular venous pressure above the clavicle at 90°.
- Liver congestion.
- Moist pulmonary rales post-cough.
- Peripheral edema beyond 1+ pedal not explained by local factors.
- History of untreated symptomatic bradycardia or if symptomatic bradycardia is likely on full dose of study drug in the opinion of the Investigator.
- Moderate to severe asthma or other obstructive lung disease requiring chronic use (> 2 days/week) of an inhaled β2-selective adrenergic agonist < 7 days of the Randomization Visit.
- Untreated thyroid disease, in the opinion of the Investigator, at the Randomization Visit.
- Serum potassium < 3.5 mmol/L at the Screening Visit.
- Lab value will be assessed by the central lab at the Screening Visit and any exclusionary results must be corrected prior to randomization as documented by either the central or local lab.
- Renal failure requiring dialysis, serum creatinine > 2.5 mg/dL, or an estimated creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min (Cockcroft-Gault) at the Screening Visit.
- Lab values will be assessed by the central lab at the Screening Visit and any exclusionary results must be corrected prior to randomization as documented by either the central or local lab.
- Significant intrinsic liver disease or a total bilirubin > 2.5 mg/dL at the Screening Visit.
- Lab value will be assessed by the central lab at the Screening Visit and any exclusionary results must be corrected prior to randomization as documented by either the central or local lab.
- Participation in a clinical study or treatment with an investigational drug or device within 30 days of the Screening Visit (or 5 half-lives of the investigational agent, whichever is longer).
- Comorbid condition or illness which, in the opinion of the Investigator, may limit life expectancy to less than 5 years.
- Serious or active medical or psychiatric condition which, in the opinion of the Investigator, may interfere with treatment, assessment, or compliance with the protocol.
- History of alcohol, drug, or chemical abuse that, in the opinion of the Investigator, could impair or limit the patient's full participation in the study.
Trial locations and contacts
2 sites in 1 country.
United States2 sites
University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
Aurora, Colorado, 80045
The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
Columbus, Ohio, 43210
About this study
Heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF) is the most common form of chronic heart failure in subjects ≤ 75 years of age. Beta-blocker therapy greatly reduces mortality and improves ventricular function in HFrEF patients, but 30-40% of patients do not show improvement in ventricular function with beta blockade.
An extensive gene signaling network downstream from the beta1-adrenergic receptor, the primary target of beta-blocker therapy is likely important for development and progression HFrEF. Pathologic changes in this gene signaling network are only reversed towards normal levels when ventricular function improves. One potential mechanism for failure to improve ventricular function in HFrEF patients unresponsive to beta blocker therapy is a lack of heart rate reduction.
Read more
Ivabradine is an FDA-approved medication believed to have therapeutic benefit in HFrEF patients through reduction in heart rate independent of beta-blockade. Ivabradine has been shown to reduce the risk of hospitalization for worsening HF in patients with stable, symptomatic chronic heart failure with reduced EF (≤ 35%)in sinus rhythm with resting heart rate ≥ 70 bpm and who are on maximally tolerated doses of beta blockers or who have a contraindication to beta blockers.
Given the high rate of mortality and hospitalization of HFrEF patients even with current therapies, there is a large unmet need for improving HFrEF therapy. The goals of this study are to test the hypothesis that heart rate reduction is an important antecedent for improvement in ventricular function, and to identify components of the beta1-adrenergic receptor gene signaling network responsible for improvement in ventricular function caused by heart rate reduction.
Read the detailed description
The Pulse Reduction on Beta-blocker and Ivabradine Therapy (PROBE-IT) Study is a double-blind, randomized, two-arm parallel group, placebo-controlled design that compares the effect of heart rate reduction on ventricular reverse remodeling (assessed by LVEF change at 24 weeks) and on the beta1-gene signaling network in NYHA Class I-III HFrEF patients with an idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy etiology (HFrEF/IDC), who are in sinus rhythm and whose heart rates remain ≥ 70 bpm on target or maximally tolerated doses of beta-blockers to which they have evidence of non-response by LVEF (< 5 absolute percentage points).
Eligible patients will be randomized (2:1) to blinded treatment with ivabradine or matching placebo and will be initiated as per Corlanor® prescribing information over 4 weeks. The dose at 4 weeks post randomization will be considered the intention-to-treat end of titration dose, but further dose adjustment can be made based on clinical factors.
The primary endpoint, i.e., effect of heart rate reduction on reverse remodeling (LVEF), will be assessed after 24 weeks. LV phenotyping by 3D-echocardiography, endomyocardial biopsy and coronary sinus sampling for cardiac norepinephrine levels will be performed at baseline and at 24 weeks. Exercise testing at baseline will be performed to assess level of beta blockade. Upon completion of the study, gene expression in endomyocardial biopsy tissue samples for each patient will be quantified using RNA-seq and quantified with respect to phenotypic measurements including LVEF and heart rate changes.
After the Week 24 Visit, patients will return for an End-of-Study Visit and be offered open label ivabradine with dose initiation accomplished by stopping study drug and starting Corlanor at 5 mg BID or 2.5 mg BID if the patient is taking that dose of study drug. Investigators and patients will not be informed of the blinded study drug assignment at the time of study completion.
- Conditions
- Dilated Cardiomyopathies, Idiopathic, Heart Failure, Systolic, Ventricular Remodeling, Electrical Remodeling
- Being tested
- Ivabradine, Placebo
- Keywords
- left ventricular reverse remodeling, beta-1 adrenergic receptor signaling, idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, HCN4 inhibition, beta-1 adrenergic receptor blocker, gene expression
- Medical subject headings
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated, Heart Failure, Systolic, Ventricular Remodeling, Atrial Remodeling
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
IvabradineDrug
Also called Corlanor
PlaceboDrug
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Ivabradine | Active comparator | Patients will receive ivabradine 2.5-7.5 mg PO bid in addition to baseline maximum-tolerated beta-blocker therapy. Receives: Drug: Ivabradine |
| Placebo | Placebo comparator | Patients will receive placebo bid in addition to baseline maximum-tolerated beta-blocker therapy. Receives: Drug: Placebo |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Left ventricular reverse remodeling according to heart rate response
Improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of ≥ 5 absolute percentage points in patients above vs. below median HR reduction for all subjects.
Measured: 24 weeks
Secondary outcomes (2)
Comparison of gene expression abundances by heart rate response
Quantification of changes in mRNA and microRNA abundance based on response above and below median for all subjects.
Measured: 24 weeks
Left ventricular reverse remodeling by treatment group (ivabradine vs. placebo)
Comparison of change (absolute LVEF percentage points) in subjects randomized to ivabradine vs. placebo.
Measured: 24 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted25 Nov 2016 (estimated)
- Study startNov 2016
- Primary completionDec 2022
- Study completion30 Jun 2023
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (7)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Dilated Cardiomyopathies, IdiopathicStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of Colorado, DenverThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 28 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Colorado, Denver
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- American Heart Association, Ohio State University
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Michael R Bristow, MD PhD, Principal investigator, University of Colorado, Denver
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02973594
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 16-1363
- Acronym
- PROBE-IT
- Status last verified
- Dec 2023
- First submitted
- 22 Nov 2016
- Last updated
- 20 Dec 2023
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: Upon completion of primary data analysis, all gene expression data will be submitted to the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). In addition to the standard descriptive and protocol information, the Metadata Spreadsheet will contain subject information required to reproduce primary analyses. Once released by GEO these data will be available for public download. The investigators anticipate this to be complete approximately 2 years after the completion of final subject follow-up.
Publications
Kao DP, Lowes BD, Gilbert EM, Minobe W, Epperson LE, Meyer LK, Ferguson DA, Volkman AK, Zolty R, Borg CD, Quaife RA, Bristow MR. Therapeutic Molecular Phenotype of beta-Blocker-Associated Reverse-Remodeling in Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2015 Apr;8(2):270-83. doi: 10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.114.000767. Epub 2015 Jan 30.
PubMed 25637602Lowes BD, Zolty R, Minobe WA, Robertson AD, Leach S, Hunter L, Bristow MR. Serial gene expression profiling in the intact human heart. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2006 May;25(5):579-88. doi: 10.1016/j.healun.2006.01.006. Epub 2006 Apr 11.
PubMed 16678038Lowes BD, Gilbert EM, Abraham WT, Minobe WA, Larrabee P, Ferguson D, Wolfel EE, Lindenfeld J, Tsvetkova T, Robertson AD, Quaife RA, Bristow MR. Myocardial gene expression in dilated cardiomyopathy treated with beta-blocking agents. N Engl J Med. 2002 May 2;346(18):1357-65. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa012630.
PubMed 11986409Tardif JC, O'Meara E, Komajda M, Bohm M, Borer JS, Ford I, Tavazzi L, Swedberg K; SHIFT Investigators. Effects of selective heart rate reduction with ivabradine on left ventricular remodelling and function: results from the SHIFT echocardiography substudy. Eur Heart J. 2011 Oct;32(20):2507-15. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr311. Epub 2011 Aug 29.
PubMed 21875858Bohm M, Swedberg K, Komajda M, Borer JS, Ford I, Dubost-Brama A, Lerebours G, Tavazzi L; SHIFT Investigators. Heart rate as a risk factor in chronic heart failure (SHIFT): the association between heart rate and outcomes in a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2010 Sep 11;376(9744):886-94. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61259-7.
PubMed 20801495Bristow MR. Treatment of chronic heart failure with beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists: a convergence of receptor pharmacology and clinical cardiology. Circ Res. 2011 Oct 28;109(10):1176-94. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.111.245092.
PubMed 22034480Altman NL, Gill EA, Kahwash R, Meyer LK, Wagner JA, Karimpour-Fard A, Berning AA, Minobe WA, Carroll IA, Jonas ER, Slavov D, Emani S, Abraham WT, Gollah AR, Ellis SL, Taylor MRG, Graw SL, Mestroni L, McKinsey TA, Buttrick PM, Kao DP, Bristow MR. Heart Rate Reduction Is Associated With Reverse Left Ventricular Remodeling and Mechanism-Specific Molecular Phenotypes in Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Circ Heart Fail. 2025 Apr;18(4):e012484. doi: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.124.012484. Epub 2025 Mar 7.
PubMed 40052260
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 20 Dec 2023. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Pulse Reduction On Beta-blocker and Ivabradine Therapy
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02973594
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- PROBE-IT / 16-1363
- Conditions
- Dilated Cardiomyopathies, Idiopathic, Heart Failure, Systolic, Ventricular Remodeling, Electrical Remodeling
- Keywords
- left ventricular reverse remodeling, beta-1 adrenergic receptor signaling, idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, HCN4 inhibition, beta-1 adrenergic receptor blocker, gene expression
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 28 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of Colorado, DenverUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- American Heart Association, Ohio State University
- Study start
- Nov 2016 (actual)
- Primary completion
- Dec 2022 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Jun 2023 (actual)
- First posted
- 25 Nov 2016 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF) is the most common form of chronic heart failure in subjects ≤ 75 years of age. Beta-blocker therapy greatly reduces mortality and improves ventricular function in HFrEF patients, but 30-40% of patients do not show improvement in ventricular function with beta blockade.
An extensive gene signaling network downstream from the beta1-adrenergic receptor, the primary target of beta-blocker therapy is likely important for development and progression HFrEF. Pathologic changes in this gene signaling network are only reversed towards normal levels when ventricular function improves. One potential mechanism for failure to improve ventricular function in HFrEF patients unresponsive to beta blocker therapy is a lack of heart rate reduction.
Ivabradine is an FDA-approved medication believed to have therapeutic benefit in HFrEF patients through reduction in heart rate independent of beta-blockade. Ivabradine has been shown to reduce the risk of hospitalization for worsening HF in patients with stable, symptomatic chronic heart failure with reduced EF (≤ 35%)in sinus rhythm with resting heart rate ≥ 70 bpm and who are on maximally tolerated doses of beta blockers or who have a contraindication to beta blockers.
Given the high rate of mortality and hospitalization of HFrEF patients even with current therapies, there is a large unmet need for improving HFrEF therapy. The goals of this study are to test the hypothesis that heart rate reduction is an important antecedent for improvement in ventricular function, and to identify components of the beta1-adrenergic receptor gene signaling network responsible for improvement in ventricular function caused by heart rate reduction.
Detailed description
The Pulse Reduction on Beta-blocker and Ivabradine Therapy (PROBE-IT) Study is a double-blind, randomized, two-arm parallel group, placebo-controlled design that compares the effect of heart rate reduction on ventricular reverse remodeling (assessed by LVEF change at 24 weeks) and on the beta1-gene signaling network in NYHA Class I-III HFrEF patients with an idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy etiology (HFrEF/IDC), who are in sinus rhythm and whose heart rates remain ≥ 70 bpm on target or maximally tolerated doses of beta-blockers to which they have evidence of non-response by LVEF (< 5 absolute percentage points).
Eligible patients will be randomized (2:1) to blinded treatment with ivabradine or matching placebo and will be initiated as per Corlanor® prescribing information over 4 weeks. The dose at 4 weeks post randomization will be considered the intention-to-treat end of titration dose, but further dose adjustment can be made based on clinical factors.
The primary endpoint, i.e., effect of heart rate reduction on reverse remodeling (LVEF), will be assessed after 24 weeks. LV phenotyping by 3D-echocardiography, endomyocardial biopsy and coronary sinus sampling for cardiac norepinephrine levels will be performed at baseline and at 24 weeks. Exercise testing at baseline will be performed to assess level of beta blockade. Upon completion of the study, gene expression in endomyocardial biopsy tissue samples for each patient will be quantified using RNA-seq and quantified with respect to phenotypic measurements including LVEF and heart rate changes.
After the Week 24 Visit, patients will return for an End-of-Study Visit and be offered open label ivabradine with dose initiation accomplished by stopping study drug and starting Corlanor at 5 mg BID or 2.5 mg BID if the patient is taking that dose of study drug. Investigators and patients will not be informed of the blinded study drug assignment at the time of study completion.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind (participant, care provider, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Ivabradine | Active comparator | Drug: IvabradinePatients will receive ivabradine 2.5-7.5 mg PO bid in addition to baseline maximum-tolerated beta-blocker therapy. |
| Placebo | Placebo comparator | Drug: PlaceboPatients will receive placebo bid in addition to baseline maximum-tolerated beta-blocker therapy. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (16 listed)
- Age ≥ 18 years.
- History of non-ischemic (confirmed by coronary angiogram), non-valvular dilated cardiomyopathy considered to be idiopathic, HFrEF NYHA Class I, II, or III.
- Must have experienced a sign or symptom of clinical heart failure at some time within the preceding 12 months.
- In sinus rhythm at Screening Visit.
- Resting HR ≥ 70 bpm at the Screening Visit.
Key exclusion criteria (23 listed)
- NYHA Class IV symptoms at the Randomization Visit.
- History of HF due to or associated with uncorrected primary valvular disease or history of ischemic heart disease.
- Any history of atrial fibrillation (even if in sinus rhythm at present).
- Systolic blood pressure < 90/50 mmHg at the Screening Visit.
- Significant fluid overload at the Randomization Visit, in the opinion of the Investigator.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| IvabradineAlso: Corlanor | Drug | Ivabradine |
| Placebo | Drug | Placebo |
Primary outcome
Left ventricular reverse remodeling according to heart rate response
Time frame: 24 weeks
Improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of ≥ 5 absolute percentage points in patients above vs. below median HR reduction for all subjects.
2 secondary outcomes
Comparison of gene expression abundances by heart rate response
Time frame: 24 weeks
Left ventricular reverse remodeling by treatment group (ivabradine vs. placebo)
Time frame: 24 weeks
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 20 Dec 2023.
- Background: PubMed 25637602Kao DP, Lowes BD, Gilbert EM, Minobe W, Epperson LE, Meyer LK, Ferguson DA, Volkman AK, Zolty R, Borg CD, Quaife RA, Bristow MR. Therapeutic Molecular Phenotype of beta-Blocker-Associated Reverse-Remodeling in Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2015 Apr;8(2):270-83. doi: 10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.114.000767. Epub 2015 Jan 30.
- Background: PubMed 16678038Lowes BD, Zolty R, Minobe WA, Robertson AD, Leach S, Hunter L, Bristow MR. Serial gene expression profiling in the intact human heart. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2006 May;25(5):579-88. doi: 10.1016/j.healun.2006.01.006. Epub 2006 Apr 11.
- Background: PubMed 11986409Lowes BD, Gilbert EM, Abraham WT, Minobe WA, Larrabee P, Ferguson D, Wolfel EE, Lindenfeld J, Tsvetkova T, Robertson AD, Quaife RA, Bristow MR. Myocardial gene expression in dilated cardiomyopathy treated with beta-blocking agents. N Engl J Med. 2002 May 2;346(18):1357-65. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa012630.
- Background: PubMed 21875858Tardif JC, O'Meara E, Komajda M, Bohm M, Borer JS, Ford I, Tavazzi L, Swedberg K; SHIFT Investigators. Effects of selective heart rate reduction with ivabradine on left ventricular remodelling and function: results from the SHIFT echocardiography substudy. Eur Heart J. 2011 Oct;32(20):2507-15. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr311. Epub 2011 Aug 29.
- Background: PubMed 20801495Bohm M, Swedberg K, Komajda M, Borer JS, Ford I, Dubost-Brama A, Lerebours G, Tavazzi L; SHIFT Investigators. Heart rate as a risk factor in chronic heart failure (SHIFT): the association between heart rate and outcomes in a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2010 Sep 11;376(9744):886-94. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61259-7.
- Background: PubMed 22034480Bristow MR. Treatment of chronic heart failure with beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists: a convergence of receptor pharmacology and clinical cardiology. Circ Res. 2011 Oct 28;109(10):1176-94. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.111.245092.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 40052260Altman NL, Gill EA, Kahwash R, Meyer LK, Wagner JA, Karimpour-Fard A, Berning AA, Minobe WA, Carroll IA, Jonas ER, Slavov D, Emani S, Abraham WT, Gollah AR, Ellis SL, Taylor MRG, Graw SL, Mestroni L, McKinsey TA, Buttrick PM, Kao DP, Bristow MR. Heart Rate Reduction Is Associated With Reverse Left Ventricular Remodeling and Mechanism-Specific Molecular Phenotypes in Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Circ Heart Fail. 2025 Apr;18(4):e012484. doi: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.124.012484. Epub 2025 Mar 7.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. Upon completion of primary data analysis, all gene expression data will be submitted to the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). In addition to the standard descriptive and protocol information, the Metadata Spreadsheet will contain subject information required to reproduce primary analyses. Once released by GEO these data will be available for public download. The investigators anticipate this to be complete approximately 2 years after the completion of final subject follow-up.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Michael R Bristow, MD PhD principal investigator
University of Colorado, Denver
2 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 4 study testing Ivabradine in people with Dilated Cardiomyopathies, Idiopathic and Heart Failure, Systolic, run by University of Colorado, Denver at 2 sites in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 16 inclusion and 23 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 20 Dec 2023. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 2 sites in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 4 studies take place after a treatment is approved, to learn more about its long-term benefits and risks in everyday use.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Left ventricular reverse remodeling according to heart rate response (time frame: 24 weeks). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02973594, which also lists 7 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 20 Dec 2023.