Muscle TightnessNCT06473402
Effects of Manual Therapy Techniques on Hamstring
A study testing Muscle Strength Test, Hamstring Flexibility and Knee Range of Motion in people with Muscle Tightness and Muscle Spasm, run by Bezmialem Vakif University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Hamstring shortness occurs in almost all populations worldwide, in both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. The causes of hamstring shortness include genetic factors, adaptation of the muscle to acute or chronic injury, sitting in a sitting position for a long time, etc. countable. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 25 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Muscle Tightness, Muscle Spasm
- What is being tested?
- Muscle Strength Test, Hamstring Flexibility and Knee Range of Motion
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 30 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 16 May 2024to 4 Jun 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 25 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Clinical diagnosis of hamstring muscle shortness Must be able to cooperate with therapist
Who cannot join
- Previous trauma or surgery Ankle instability. Having neurological findings during the SLR test. Hyperalgesia, hematoma, varicose veins or skin infection in the lower extremity.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Comparison of the Effects of Two Different Manual Therapy Techniques on Individuals With Short Hamstring
Hamstring shortness occurs in almost all populations worldwide, in both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. The causes of hamstring shortness include genetic factors, adaptation of the muscle to acute or chronic injury, sitting in a sitting position for a long time, etc. countable. Some studies have stated that decreased hamstring flexibility may cause patellar tendinopathy, patellofemoral pain, hamstring strain, and muscle damage after eccentric exercise.Therefore, the flexibility of the hamstring muscles must be maintained. The objective of current research is to contrast the immediate consequences of two distinct manual therapy methods applied to individuals with a short hamstring muscle on the said muscle.
Read the detailed description
Flexibility is the ability of the muscle to move in a single or a series of joint planes within an unrestricted range of motion. Muscle flexibility is an important element of muscle functionality and has a very important place in ensuring the biomechanical function of the muscle. One of the advantages of flexibility in the context of literature is its ability to enhance athletic performance, decrease the likelihood of injury, alleviate or minimize post-exercise discomfort, and improve coordination. Furthermore, it serves as a crucial aspect for injury prevention and rehabilitation. Limited flexibility causes the person to be prone to various musculoskeletal system overuse injuries and significantly affects functionality. Flexibility is different for each muscle. This difference depends on the adaptation of the muscle to the stresses placed on the muscle. Decreased flexibility is usually seen in fast-twitch muscles that span two joints. Hamstring muscles are a typical example of this. In normal daily activities, the physiological amplitudes of the hamstring muscles are rarely fully realized. For this reason, hamstring muscles are one of the muscle groups that tend to shorten. Hamstring shortness occurs in almost all populations worldwide, in both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. The causes of hamstring shortness include genetic factors, adaptation of the muscle to acute or chronic injury, sitting in a sitting position for a long time, etc. countable. Some studies have stated that decreased hamstring flexibility may cause patellar tendinopathy, patellofemoral pain, hamstring strain, and muscle damage after eccentric exercise.Therefore, the flexibility of the hamstring muscles must be maintained. Flexible hamstrings can prevent acute and chronic musculoskeletal injuries, low back pain, posture deviations, gait limitations and the risk of falls. Stretching exercises are often performed to increase hamstring flexibility . There are also different methods to increase hamstring flexibility. A widely used approach is manual therapy. According to Greenman, this method can strengthen weak muscles by restoring their normal length when they are shortened, contracted, or affected by spasticity. In addition, manual therapy can help reduce edema by promoting the lymphatic system's pumping action. This approach also enhances the mobility of joints with limited movement.
Another alternative method is massage application. Massage is believed to increase blood flow to the muscles and increase muscle temperature, thus improving performance. In addition to the effects mentioned above, massage is believed to reduce the risk of injury by increasing flexibility and reducing stiffness.
The rate of use of massage guns has increased significantly, especially in recent years, by athletes, coaches and physiotherapists. Perhaps the most important reasons why it is so popular are that it helps to increase sports performance and increase the level of flexibility. According to the literature, applying the sacroiliac joint muscle energy technique and percussion massage to the hamstring muscle has been shown to increase hamstring flexibility. However, there is no study available that compares the immediate effects of applying the sacroiliac joint muscle energy technique versus percussion massage on hamstring shortness. Therefore, the aim of our study is to compare the instant effects of sacroiliac joint muscle energy technique and percussion massage applications on hamstring flexibility.
- Conditions
- Muscle Tightness, Muscle Spasm
- Being tested
- Muscle Strength Test, Hamstring Flexibility, Knee Range of Motion, Percussion Therapy, Manual Therapy Technique
- Keywords
- manual therapy, muscle energy techniques, vibration, hamstring flexibility, muscle strength
- Medical subject headings
- Spasm
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Muscle Strength TestDiagnostic test
Hamstring muscle strength of the participants was measured with a dynamometer (Microfet 2, Hoggan Health Industries, HHD) with the knee flexed at 90 degrees. After the physiotherapist fixes and positions the dynamometer 5 cm proximal to the calcaneus with a belt, the participant will be asked to accelerate to maximum isometric strength by trying to bring his heel closer to his hip against this resistance. The isometric strength of the hamstring muscle will be measured in Newtons (N) by being asked to wait at maximum force level for three seconds. Measurements were made in 2 repetitions and the highest value was noted. There will be a 30-second rest period between attempts.
Hamstring FlexibilityDiagnostic test
The Sit and Reach Test will be administered to evaluate flexibility. Measurements will be made with a test stand with a length of 35 cm, a width of 45 cm and a height of 32 cm. The measurement of the participant who cannot reach the zero point of the sole of the foot on this tripod will be recorded as minus (-), while the measurement of the participant who can pass the zero point will be recorded as plus (+). Participants will be seated in a long sitting position with the soles of their feet resting on the testing apparatus, and the measurement will begin with their knee joints fully extended. While leaning his body forward, he will be asked to lie forward as far as he can, with his hands in front of his body, without bending his knees. The test will be repeated 2 times and the best value will be recorded in cm.
Knee Range of MotionDiagnostic test
Joint range of motion measurement of the participants was made with a universal goniometer. Degree was used as the measurement unit. The measurement was made in the prone position. The pivot point of the goniometer is placed on the lateral epicondyle of the femur, and the fixed arm is kept parallel to the lateral midline of the femur, while the movable arm will follow the fibula. The joint range of motion of the participants was measured before and after manual therapy. AAOS (American of Orthopedic Surgeons) was taken as the reference value.
Percussion TherapyDevice
A percussion massage device was used in the study. Massage application was applied to the Hamstring muscle, adhering to optimal standards. During the application, a wide round head, which is the most preferred by clinical professionals, was used and 30 Hz, which is considered as the average application speed, was used. The application was applied for a total of 6 minutes, 2 minutes for each part of the muscle. Applications have been made many times on every part of the muscle, from the starting point to the ending point.
Manual Therapy TechniqueOther
Anterior and posterior innominate muscle energy techniques were performed on patients. In the anterior technique, the patient lay on their back with their leg on the diagonal shoulder. The clinician flexed the hip and knee, placed their hand on the back thigh, and instructed the patient to push, resulting in hip extension. After eight seconds, the patient inhaled and exhaled. The clinician then increased hip flexion and applied pressure against a new barrier. In the posterior technique, the patient lay on their side in the modified sims position. The clinician held the leg with their caudal hand and placed the hypothenar edge of their cranial hand on the right SIPS. The patient then pulled the leg towards themselves, applying equal counterforce for eight seconds before inhaling and exhaling. Finally, the clinician extended the leg and pushed it against a new barrier.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Muscle Energy Technique | Experimental | Patients received anterior and posterior innominate muscle energy techniques. The anterior technique had the patient lying on their back with their leg on the diagonal shoulder. The clinician flexed the knee and hip, placed their hand on the back thigh, and instructed the patient to push, resulting in hip extension. After eight seconds, the patient inhaled and exhaled. The clinician then increased hip flexion and pushed against a new barrier. The posterior technique was performed with the patient lying on their side in the modified sims position. The clinician held the leg with their caudal hand and placed the hypothenar edge of their cranial hand on the right SIPS. They then extended the leg in their caudal hand and had the patient pull it towards themselves, applying equal counterforce. After eight seconds, the patient inhaled and exhaled. The clinician then extended the leg and pushed it towards a new barrier. Receives: Diagnostic Test: Muscle Strength Test; Diagnostic Test: Hamstring Flexibility; Diagnostic Test: Knee Range of Motion; Other: Manual Therapy Technique |
| Massage Gun | Experimental | A percussion massage device was used in the study. Massage application was applied to the Hamstring muscle, adhering to optimal standards. During the application, a wide round head, which is the most preferred by clinical professionals, was used and 30 Hz, which is considered as the average application speed, was used. The application was applied for a total of 6 minutes, 2 minutes for each part of the muscle. Applications have been made many times on every part of the muscle, from the starting point to the ending point. Receives: Diagnostic Test: Muscle Strength Test; Diagnostic Test: Hamstring Flexibility; Diagnostic Test: Knee Range of Motion; Device: Percussion Therapy |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Hamstring Flexibility
Hamstring flexibility was measured with sit and reach test
Measured: Change from baseline to final examination immediate after 6 minutes of manual therapy
Secondary outcomes (2)
Hamstring Strength
Hamstring strength was measured with dynamometer
Measured: Change from baseline to final examination immediate after 6 minutes of manual therapy
Range of Motion
Knee flexion range of motion was measured with goniometer
Measured: Change from baseline to final examination immediate after 6 minutes of manual therapy
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted25 Jun 2024
- Study start16 May 2024
- Primary completion4 Jun 2024
- Study completion4 Jun 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Muscle TightnessStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Bezmialem Vakif University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Çağla Yılmaz, Bsc., Principal investigator, Bezmialem Vakif University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06473402
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Bezmialem1903
- Status last verified
- Jun 2024
- First submitted
- 11 Jun 2024
- Last updated
- 25 Jun 2024
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 25 Jun 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparison of the Effects of Two Different Manual Therapy Techniques on Individuals With Short Hamstring
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06473402
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Bezmialem1903
- Conditions
- Muscle Tightness, Muscle Spasm
- Keywords
- manual therapy, muscle energy techniques, vibration, hamstring flexibility, muscle strength
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Bezmialem Vakif UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 16 May 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 4 Jun 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 4 Jun 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 25 Jun 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Hamstring shortness occurs in almost all populations worldwide, in both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. The causes of hamstring shortness include genetic factors, adaptation of the muscle to acute or chronic injury, sitting in a sitting position for a long time, etc. countable. Some studies have stated that decreased hamstring flexibility may cause patellar tendinopathy, patellofemoral pain, hamstring strain, and muscle damage after eccentric exercise.Therefore, the flexibility of the hamstring muscles must be maintained. The objective of current research is to contrast the immediate consequences of two distinct manual therapy methods applied to individuals with a short hamstring muscle on the said muscle.
Detailed description
Flexibility is the ability of the muscle to move in a single or a series of joint planes within an unrestricted range of motion. Muscle flexibility is an important element of muscle functionality and has a very important place in ensuring the biomechanical function of the muscle. One of the advantages of flexibility in the context of literature is its ability to enhance athletic performance, decrease the likelihood of injury, alleviate or minimize post-exercise discomfort, and improve coordination. Furthermore, it serves as a crucial aspect for injury prevention and rehabilitation. Limited flexibility causes the person to be prone to various musculoskeletal system overuse injuries and significantly affects functionality. Flexibility is different for each muscle. This difference depends on the adaptation of the muscle to the stresses placed on the muscle. Decreased flexibility is usually seen in fast-twitch muscles that span two joints. Hamstring muscles are a typical example of this. In normal daily activities, the physiological amplitudes of the hamstring muscles are rarely fully realized. For this reason, hamstring muscles are one of the muscle groups that tend to shorten. Hamstring shortness occurs in almost all populations worldwide, in both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. The causes of hamstring shortness include genetic factors, adaptation of the muscle to acute or chronic injury, sitting in a sitting position for a long time, etc. countable. Some studies have stated that decreased hamstring flexibility may cause patellar tendinopathy, patellofemoral pain, hamstring strain, and muscle damage after eccentric exercise.Therefore, the flexibility of the hamstring muscles must be maintained. Flexible hamstrings can prevent acute and chronic musculoskeletal injuries, low back pain, posture deviations, gait limitations and the risk of falls. Stretching exercises are often performed to increase hamstring flexibility . There are also different methods to increase hamstring flexibility. A widely used approach is manual therapy. According to Greenman, this method can strengthen weak muscles by restoring their normal length when they are shortened, contracted, or affected by spasticity. In addition, manual therapy can help reduce edema by promoting the lymphatic system's pumping action. This approach also enhances the mobility of joints with limited movement.
Another alternative method is massage application. Massage is believed to increase blood flow to the muscles and increase muscle temperature, thus improving performance. In addition to the effects mentioned above, massage is believed to reduce the risk of injury by increasing flexibility and reducing stiffness.
The rate of use of massage guns has increased significantly, especially in recent years, by athletes, coaches and physiotherapists. Perhaps the most important reasons why it is so popular are that it helps to increase sports performance and increase the level of flexibility. According to the literature, applying the sacroiliac joint muscle energy technique and percussion massage to the hamstring muscle has been shown to increase hamstring flexibility. However, there is no study available that compares the immediate effects of applying the sacroiliac joint muscle energy technique versus percussion massage on hamstring shortness. Therefore, the aim of our study is to compare the instant effects of sacroiliac joint muscle energy technique and percussion massage applications on hamstring flexibility.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Muscle Energy Technique | Experimental | Diagnostic Test: Muscle Strength Test, Diagnostic Test: Hamstring Flexibility, Diagnostic Test: Knee Range of Motion, Other: Manual Therapy TechniquePatients received anterior and posterior innominate muscle energy techniques. The anterior technique had the patient lying on their back with their leg on the diagonal shoulder. The clinician flexed the knee and hip, placed their hand on the back thigh, and instructed the patient to push, resulting in hip extension. After eight seconds, the patient inhaled and exhaled. The clinician then increased hip flexion and pushed against a new barrier. The posterior technique was performed with the patient lying on their side in the modified sims position. The clinician held the leg with their caudal hand and placed the hypothenar edge of their cranial hand on the right SIPS. They then extended the leg in their caudal hand and had the patient pull it towards themselves, applying equal counterforce. After eight seconds, the patient inhaled and exhaled. The clinician then extended the leg and pushed it towards a new barrier. |
| Massage Gun | Experimental | Diagnostic Test: Muscle Strength Test, Diagnostic Test: Hamstring Flexibility, Diagnostic Test: Knee Range of Motion, Device: Percussion TherapyA percussion massage device was used in the study. Massage application was applied to the Hamstring muscle, adhering to optimal standards. During the application, a wide round head, which is the most preferred by clinical professionals, was used and 30 Hz, which is considered as the average application speed, was used. The application was applied for a total of 6 minutes, 2 minutes for each part of the muscle. Applications have been made many times on every part of the muscle, from the starting point to the ending point. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 25 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Clinical diagnosis of hamstring muscle shortness Must be able to cooperate with therapist
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Previous trauma or surgery Ankle instability. Having neurological findings during the SLR test. Hyperalgesia, hematoma, varicose veins or skin infection in the lower extremity.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Muscle Strength TestHamstring muscle strength of the participants was measured with a dynamometer (Microfet 2, Hoggan Health Industries, HHD) with the knee flexed at 90 degrees. After the physiotherapist fixes and positions the dynamometer 5 cm proximal to the calcaneus with a belt, the participant will be asked to accelerate to maximum isometric strength by trying to bring his heel closer to his hip against this resistance. The isometric strength of the hamstring muscle will be measured in Newtons (N) by being asked to wait at maximum force level for three seconds. Measurements were made in 2 repetitions and the highest value was noted. There will be a 30-second rest period between attempts. | Diagnostic test | Massage Gun, Muscle Energy Technique |
| Hamstring FlexibilityThe Sit and Reach Test will be administered to evaluate flexibility. Measurements will be made with a test stand with a length of 35 cm, a width of 45 cm and a height of 32 cm. The measurement of the participant who cannot reach the zero point of the sole of the foot on this tripod will be recorded as minus (-), while the measurement of the participant who can pass the zero point will be recorded as plus (+). Participants will be seated in a long sitting position with the soles of their feet resting on the testing apparatus, and the measurement will begin with their knee joints fully extended. While leaning his body forward, he will be asked to lie forward as far as he can, with his hands in front of his body, without bending his knees. The test will be repeated 2 times and the best value will be recorded in cm. | Diagnostic test | Massage Gun, Muscle Energy Technique |
| Knee Range of MotionJoint range of motion measurement of the participants was made with a universal goniometer. Degree was used as the measurement unit. The measurement was made in the prone position. The pivot point of the goniometer is placed on the lateral epicondyle of the femur, and the fixed arm is kept parallel to the lateral midline of the femur, while the movable arm will follow the fibula. The joint range of motion of the participants was measured before and after manual therapy. AAOS (American of Orthopedic Surgeons) was taken as the reference value. | Diagnostic test | Massage Gun, Muscle Energy Technique |
| Percussion TherapyA percussion massage device was used in the study. Massage application was applied to the Hamstring muscle, adhering to optimal standards. During the application, a wide round head, which is the most preferred by clinical professionals, was used and 30 Hz, which is considered as the average application speed, was used. The application was applied for a total of 6 minutes, 2 minutes for each part of the muscle. Applications have been made many times on every part of the muscle, from the starting point to the ending point. | Device | Massage Gun |
| Manual Therapy TechniqueAnterior and posterior innominate muscle energy techniques were performed on patients. In the anterior technique, the patient lay on their back with their leg on the diagonal shoulder. The clinician flexed the hip and knee, placed their hand on the back thigh, and instructed the patient to push, resulting in hip extension. After eight seconds, the patient inhaled and exhaled. The clinician then increased hip flexion and applied pressure against a new barrier. In the posterior technique, the patient lay on their side in the modified sims position. The clinician held the leg with their caudal hand and placed the hypothenar edge of their cranial hand on the right SIPS. The patient then pulled the leg towards themselves, applying equal counterforce for eight seconds before inhaling and exhaling. Finally, the clinician extended the leg and pushed it against a new barrier. | Other | Muscle Energy Technique |
Primary outcome
Hamstring Flexibility
Time frame: Change from baseline to final examination immediate after 6 minutes of manual therapy
Hamstring flexibility was measured with sit and reach test
2 secondary outcomes
Hamstring Strength
Time frame: Change from baseline to final examination immediate after 6 minutes of manual therapy
Range of Motion
Time frame: Change from baseline to final examination immediate after 6 minutes of manual therapy
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 25 Jun 2024.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Çağla Yılmaz, Bsc. principal investigator
Bezmialem Vakif University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Muscle Strength Test, Hamstring Flexibility and Knee Range of Motion in people with Muscle Tightness and Muscle Spasm, run by Bezmialem Vakif University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 25 Jun 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Hamstring Flexibility (time frame: Change from baseline to final examination immediate after 6 minutes of manual therapy). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 25 Jun 2024.